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Processes
Special Issues
Hydrogen Production and Purification
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Hydrogen Production and Purification

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 August 2023) | Viewed by 15131

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Andrey Yaroslavtsev

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia
Interests: ion transfer; fuel cells; lithium-ion batteries; catalysis; hydrogen production
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Iliya Petriev

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Physics, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
2. Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science "Federal Research Centre The Southern Scientific Centre of The RAS", 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
Interests: pd-containing membranes; hydrogen permeability; nanostars; Nanoflowers; Surface Effects; modified membranes; Nanocomposites; oxygen-hydrogen fuel cells; hydrogen electrodes; membranes; dense membranes; nanostructures; Thin Films; noble metal nanoparticles

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Environmental problems encourage humanity to switch to a new energy strategy. One of its main trends is the shift to renewable energy sources. An important part of this strategy is the development of hydrogen energy. Currently, most hydrogen is produced from natural gas and coal, which results in the formation of carbon oxides, primarily CO as co-products. However, even traces of CO poison the catalysts of low-temperature fuel cells, which currently dominate the world market. This necessitates deep hydrogen purification before its use. Such purification is also necessary for the hydrogen production from renewable feedstocks, biomass or bio-alcohols, the conversion of which takes place at lower temperatures and is more selective with respect to CO2. Various types of membranes can be used for hydrogen purification, but membranes based on palladium alloys are most effective for deep purification. At the same time, the issue of production of cheaper and high-performance membranes, in which palladium alloys are represented only by a thin catalytic layer, is relevant.

An effective approach is the use of membrane catalysis for hydrogen production, which not only leads to the production of high-purity hydrogen in one stage, but also leads to an increase in the hydrogen yield due to a shift in thermodynamic equilibrium.

This Special Issue will contain articles on the processes of hydrogen production or purification.

Prof. Dr. Andrey B. Yaroslavtsev
Dr. Iliya Petriev
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All papers will be peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydrogen energy
  • hydrogen production
  • hydrogen purification
  • conversion
  • palladium membranes
  • membrane catalysis
  • partial oxidation of methanol
  • water gas shift reaction
  • methane pyrolysis

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 9959 KiB  
Article
A New Approach to the Preparation of Stable Oxide-Composite Cobalt–Samarium Catalysts for the Production of Hydrogen by Dry Reforming of Methane
by A. G. Dedov, A. S. Loktev, V. A. Arkhipova, M. A. Bykov, A. A. Sadovnikov, K. A. Cherednichenko and G. A. Shandryuk
Processes 2023, 11(8), 2296; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11082296 - 31 Jul 2023
Viewed by 808
Abstract
A new approach to preparing a series of Co/Sm2O3 catalysts for hydrogen production by the dry reforming of methane has been developed. The catalyst precursors were synthesized with a simple method, including the evaporation of aqueous solutions of cobalt and [...] Read more.
A new approach to preparing a series of Co/Sm2O3 catalysts for hydrogen production by the dry reforming of methane has been developed. The catalyst precursors were synthesized with a simple method, including the evaporation of aqueous solutions of cobalt and samarium nitrates, followed by a short-term calcination of the resulting material. The as-prepared and spent catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, temperature-programmed reduction, and thermogravimetric analysis. The content of cobalt in the synthesized materials affects their phase composition and carbonization resistance in the dry reforming of the methane reaction. It has been shown that preheating in N2 atmosphere produces catalysts that provide a stable yield of hydrogen and CO of 94–98% for at least 50 h at 900 °C. These yields are among the highest currently available for the dry reforming of methane catalysts made from Co-Sm complex oxides. It has been established that the decrease in the amount of cobalt in the catalyst and its preheating to an operating temperature of 900 °C in a nitrogen flow help to prevent the carbonization of the catalyst and the sintering of metal particles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Production and Purification)
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22 pages, 19825 KiB  
Article
Physical and Chemical Phenomena during the Production of Hydrogen in the Microwave Discharge Generated in Liquid Hydrocarbons with the Barbotage of Various Gases
by Timur S. Batukaev, Igor V. Bilera, Galina V. Krashevskaya and Yuri A. Lebedev
Processes 2023, 11(8), 2292; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11082292 - 31 Jul 2023
Viewed by 846
Abstract
The physical and chemical characteristics of the microwave discharge in petroleum solvent during hydrogen production processes involving Ar, He, and CO2 barbotage were studied. Gas chromatography, emission spectroscopy, high-speed photography, and shadow photography were used for diagnosis. The results demonstrated the dependence [...] Read more.
The physical and chemical characteristics of the microwave discharge in petroleum solvent during hydrogen production processes involving Ar, He, and CO2 barbotage were studied. Gas chromatography, emission spectroscopy, high-speed photography, and shadow photography were used for diagnosis. The results demonstrated the dependence of hydrogen yield on the flow rates of Ar, He, and CO2. The maximum yield values of hydrogen were 791 mL/min and 811 mL/min, while the maximum energy efficiency reached 135.6 NL/kWh and 162.2 NL/kWh in Nefras with Ar and He barbotage, respectively. The dynamics of discharge structure and the rotational and vibrational temperatures of C2 molecules were studied. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Production and Purification)
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11 pages, 3375 KiB  
Article
Dependence of the Atomic Structure of Solid Solutions in the Pd-Cu System Ordered According to the B2 Type on the Composition
by Valentin M. Ievlev, Konstantin A. Solntsev, Alexander L. Vasiliev, Semen V. Gorbunov, Alexey I. Dontsov, Nataliya R. Roshan, Sergey V. Kannykin, Alexey V. Ovcharov and Bugakov V. Alexander
Processes 2022, 10(12), 2632; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10122632 - 7 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 956
Abstract
Owing to exceptionally high selectivity, membranes based on palladium alloys are widely used for obtaining high-purity hydrogen. An important issue for providing high hydrogen permeability of the membranes is to form the required phase composition. The structural organization of the solid solutions consisting [...] Read more.
Owing to exceptionally high selectivity, membranes based on palladium alloys are widely used for obtaining high-purity hydrogen. An important issue for providing high hydrogen permeability of the membranes is to form the required phase composition. The structural organization of the solid solutions consisting of Cu–36.4 at .% Pd and Cu–50 at .% Pd were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron diffraction (ED), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). It was found that the former composition can be ordered in the temperature range of 300–400 °C and in the heating (up to 800 °C)–cooling cycle. In the presence of excess Cu atoms (27.2%), this structure can be represented by CsCl type structural units (β-phase) and distributed body center cubic (BCC) copper structural units in the corresponding concentration dose. The formation of a single crystal ordered phase within the mosaic blocks of the disordered phase was established. Experimental evidence was obtained for the separation of the α-phase solid solution in the elemental composition; the very low rate of ordering inherent in this system was attributed to this effect. The hydrogen permeability of a foil of the equiatomic composition was described. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Production and Purification)
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23 pages, 3033 KiB  
Article
Hydrogen Production in Catalytic Membrane Reactors Based on Porous Ceramic Converters
by A. S. Fedotov, M. V. Tsodikov and A. B. Yaroslavtsev
Processes 2022, 10(10), 2060; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10102060 - 12 Oct 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1620
Abstract
This article presents the results of the development of membrane-catalytic methods for obtaining purified hydrogen of various degrees of purity required for feeding high-, medium-, and low-temperature fuel cells. In order to conduct this, porous ceramic catalytic converters were obtained using self-propagating high-temperature [...] Read more.
This article presents the results of the development of membrane-catalytic methods for obtaining purified hydrogen of various degrees of purity required for feeding high-, medium-, and low-temperature fuel cells. In order to conduct this, porous ceramic catalytic converters were obtained using self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. These converters are suitable for high-speed processes for producing synthesis gas with different carbon monoxide content (0.08–0.1 vol. %), which can be used to feed fuel cells of various types. Using a hybrid catalytic membrane reactor, in which the stage of catalytic conversion of organic substrates was combined with the stage of selective extraction of ultrapure hydrogen (content of H2 was not less than 99.9999 vol. %) from the reaction zone, combined carbon dioxide and steam reforming of organic substrates of various origins were carried out. The result of the work was the creation of a prototype of a small-sized electric generator plant in which a catalytic membrane reactor was combined with a solid-oxide fuel cell. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Production and Purification)
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14 pages, 3216 KiB  
Article
Methanol Steam Reforming on Bimetallic Catalysts Based on In and Nb Doped Titania or Zirconia: A Support Effect
by Alexandra Lytkina-Payen, Natalya Tabachkova and Andrey Yaroslavtsev
Processes 2022, 10(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10010019 - 24 Dec 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2941
Abstract
Methanol steam reforming (MSR) is considered an effective method for hydrogen storage and to generate high-quality hydrogen for fuel cells. In this work, a comprehensive investigation of the methanol steam reforming process using a bimetallic Pt–Rh and Cu–Ni based on different oxide supports [...] Read more.
Methanol steam reforming (MSR) is considered an effective method for hydrogen storage and to generate high-quality hydrogen for fuel cells. In this work, a comprehensive investigation of the methanol steam reforming process using a bimetallic Pt–Rh and Cu–Ni based on different oxide supports is presented. Highly dispersed titania and zirconia doped with indium and niobium ions were synthesized by sol–gel method. The effect of the nature and quantity of the dopant cation (In, Nb) on the catalytic performance of titania supported metal catalysts was investigated. The conclusions obtained show a significant effect of both the metal alloy and the oxide support nature on the activity and selectivity of the methanol steam reforming process. Pt–Rh alloy catalyst shows higher hydrogen yield, but its selectivity in the MSR process is lower than for the catalysts containing the Cu0.8-Ni0.2 alloy. Heterovalent indium doping of titania leads to the catalytic activity increase. It was suggested that this is due to the defects formation in the oxygen TiO2 sublattice. On the contrary, the use of niobium oxide as a dopant decreases the catalyst activity in the methanol steam reforming process but leads to the selectivity increase in the studied process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Production and Purification)
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Review

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34 pages, 4459 KiB  
Review
Modern Technologies of Hydrogen Production
by Irina Stenina and Andrey Yaroslavtsev
Processes 2023, 11(1), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11010056 - 26 Dec 2022
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 6994
Abstract
Transitioning to energy-saving and renewable energy sources is impossible without accelerated development of hydrogen energy and hydrogen technologies. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art and recent advances of various hydrogen production processes, including but not limited to thermochemical and electrolytic processes. Their opportunities and [...] Read more.
Transitioning to energy-saving and renewable energy sources is impossible without accelerated development of hydrogen energy and hydrogen technologies. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art and recent advances of various hydrogen production processes, including but not limited to thermochemical and electrolytic processes. Their opportunities and limitations, operating conditions, and catalysts are discussed. Nowadays, most hydrogen is still produced by steam reforming of methane, its partial oxidation, or coal gasification. Considerable attention is also paid to natural gas pyrolysis. However, hydrogen produced using these technologies has a lot of impurities and needs additional purification. A series of technologies for hydrogen purification, including its filtration through palladium alloy membranes, and membrane catalysis, allowing hydrogen production and purification in one stage, are discussed. The main way to produce carbon-free hydrogen is water electrolysis using low-cost energy from nuclear or renewable sources. Both conventional and novel methods of hydrogen storage and transportation, which are an important part of the hydrogen economy, are reviewed. Biohydrogen production technologies are also discussed. Finally, prospects for further work in this field are provided. This review will be useful to researchers and manufacturers working in this field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Production and Purification)
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