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Conventional and Novel Processes for the Extraction of Precious Metals...
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Conventional and Novel Processes for the Extraction of Precious Metals from Spent Catalyst and Electronic Equipment

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Catalysis Enhanced Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 6935

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Paolo Trucillo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Foam Lab, University of Naples Federico II, P. le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
Interests: liposomes; microparticles; targeted delivery; pharmaceuticals, stimuli induced delivery; process scale-up; process economic analysis; air quality monitoring; hydrometallurgy; platinum group metals; coatings
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Amedeo Lancia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The Sustainable Technologies for Pollution Control Lab (STPC Lab), at the Department of Chemical, Material and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio, 80-80125 Napoli, Italy
Interests: sustainable and eco-friendly solutions for chemical processes; design of chemical process plants from lab-scale to industrial level; expertise in separation processes, scrubbers for gas desulfurization, particle emission control, post-combustion CO2 capture
Prof. Dr. Francesco Di Natale

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
The Sustainable Technologies for Pollution Control Lab (STPC Lab), at the Department of Chemical, Material and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio, 80 – 80125 Napoli, Italy
Interests: liquid–solid extraction processes; separation of precious metals from waste catalyst and electrical equipment; adsorption; nanometric and ultrafine particle capture; industrial applications of electrosprays; design and optimization of gas cleaning systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Rapid human evolution has improved the quality of our lives through the use of technology. In recent decades, the worldwide production of catalytic converters and electronic equipment has increased exponentially, due to the widespread use of these devices for process automatization, smart working, and strict regulations on vehicle emissions. The market of spent catalyst and waste electronic and electric equipment (WEEE) is worth several billion euros, due to their high precious metals (PM) content, including gold, silver, and elements of platinum group metals, and the rare-earths. However, the economic importance of PM is as high as their supply risk; for this reason, the answer to this problem consists of finding selective methods to extract PM from disposed catalyst and WEEE.

This Special Issue “Conventional and Novel Processes for the Extraction of Precious Metals from Spent Catalyst and Electronic Equipment” will examine all these aspects. In particular, works about the most-used methods such as pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy for the separation of precious metals from other non-precious components will be accepted for publication. Moreover, papers related to any innovative refinery methods, including electrochemical methods, will be accepted. This Special Issue will collect works regarding these topics:

  • Pyrometallurgy of PM recovery from waste catalyst and electric devices
  • Leaching of precious metals from spent catalytic converters
  • Selective leaching of precious metals from waste electric and electronic devices
  • Sustainable recycling and reuse of waste catalyst and electric devices
  • CFD in hydrometallurgical processes
  • Economic analysis of precious metals extraction and recovery processes
  • Definition of metals leaching models and kinetics
  • Metal adsorption kinetics and models
  • Solvent extraction of precious metals
  • Ion exchange techniques
  • Application of electrochemical processes
  • Alternative techniques for eco-friendly leaching of precious metals
  • LCA analysis of PM recovery from spent catalysts and electronic equipment

Dr. Paolo Trucillo
Prof. Dr. Amedeo Lancia
Prof. Dr. Francesco Di Natale
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Solid–liquid extraction
  • Leaching
  • Adsorption
  • Solvent extraction
  • Pyrometallurgy
  • Precious metals
  • Spent catalytic converters
  • Definition of kinetics
  • Leaching modeling
  • Economic analysis
  • Waste electrical and electronic equipment

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 2224 KiB  
Article
Recovery of Rare-Earth Elements from Printed Circuit Boards by Vacuum Pyrolysis and Multiple Electrostatic Separation
by Andjelka Popović, Vaso Manojlović, Borivoj Adnadjević, Jelena Petrović, Željko Kamberović and Milisav Ranitović
Processes 2022, 10(6), 1152; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10061152 - 08 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1883
Abstract
The influence of the multi-stage electrostatic separation (ESS) of mechanically treated and magnetically separated waste electronic material and the pyrolysis of the selected ESS fraction on the distribution of metal elements (MEs), elements contained in refractory oxides (EROs), bromine (Br), and rare-earth elements [...] Read more.
The influence of the multi-stage electrostatic separation (ESS) of mechanically treated and magnetically separated waste electronic material and the pyrolysis of the selected ESS fraction on the distribution of metal elements (MEs), elements contained in refractory oxides (EROs), bromine (Br), and rare-earth elements (REEs) contained in waste electronic material was studied. The concentration of MEs, Br, and EROs in the tested samples was determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis, and the concentration of REEs and uranium was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The analysis of the distribution of elements during the multi-stage ESS showed that MEs were predominantly distributed in the conductive fraction and Br, EROs, and REEs were distributed in the nonconductive fraction. The nonconductive fraction (NC2) of the two-stage ESS was subjected to a low-temperature vacuum pyrolysis (T = 550 °C, p = 10 mbar). The distribution of pyrolysis products of the NC2 fraction was determined. The main products of the vacuum pyrolysis experiments were the solid residue phase (54.4 wt.%) and oils (35.4 wt.%). It has been proven that pyrolysis can significantly increase the concentration of MEs, EROs, and REEs in raw materials, thereby providing a method for cost-effectively obtaining of REEs from waste printed circuit boards. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conventional and Novel Processes for the Extraction of Precious Metals from Spent Catalyst and Electronic Equipment)
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14 pages, 3253 KiB  
Article
Selective Gold and Palladium Adsorption from Standard Aqueous Solutions
by Paolo Trucillo, Ernesto Di Maio, Amedeo Lancia and Francesco Di Natale
Processes 2021, 9(8), 1282; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9081282 - 25 Jul 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2380
Abstract
The intensive exploitation of resources on a global level has led to a progressive depletion of mineral reserves, which were proved to be insufficient to meet the high demand for high-technological devices. On the other hand, the continuous production of Waste from Electrical [...] Read more.
The intensive exploitation of resources on a global level has led to a progressive depletion of mineral reserves, which were proved to be insufficient to meet the high demand for high-technological devices. On the other hand, the continuous production of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) is causing serious environmental problems, due to the complex composition of WEEE, which makes the recycling and reuse particularly challenging. The average metal content of WEEE is estimated to be around 30% and varies depending on the manufacturing period and brand of production. It contains base metals and precious metals, such as gold and palladium. The remaining 70% of WEEEs is composed of plastics, resins, and glassy materials. The recovery of metals from WEEEs is characterized by two main processes well represented by the literature: Pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy. Both of them require the pre-treatment of WEEEs, such as dismantling and magnetic separation of plastics. In this work, the selective adsorption of precious metals has been attempted, using copper, gold, and palladium aqueous solutions and mixtures of them. A screening on different adsorbent materials such as granular activated carbons and polymers, either as pellets or foams, has been performed. Among these, PolyEther Block Amide (PEBA) was elected as the most performing adsorbent in terms of gold selectivity over copper. Spent PEBA has been then characterized using scanning electron microscope, coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy, demonstrating the predominant presence of gold in most analyzed sites, either in the pellet or foam form. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conventional and Novel Processes for the Extraction of Precious Metals from Spent Catalyst and Electronic Equipment)
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13 pages, 1926 KiB  
Article
Insight into the Liquid–Liquid Extraction System AuCl4−/HCl/A327H+Cl− Ionic Liquid/Toluene
by Francisco J. Alguacil and Félix A. Lopez
Processes 2021, 9(4), 608; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9040608 - 30 Mar 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1700
Abstract
The ionic liquid A327H+Cl− is generated by reaction of the tertiary amine A327 (industrial mixture of tri-octyl and tri-decyl amines) and hydrochloric acid solutions. In this study, the extraction of Au(III) by A327H+Cl− ionic liquid under various [...] Read more.
The ionic liquid A327H+Cl− is generated by reaction of the tertiary amine A327 (industrial mixture of tri-octyl and tri-decyl amines) and hydrochloric acid solutions. In this study, the extraction of Au(III) by A327H+Cl− ionic liquid under various variables, including metal and ionic liquid concentrations, was investigated. Results indicate that A327H+AuCl4− is formed by an exothermic (ΔH° = −3 kJ/mol) reaction in the organic solution. Aqueous ionic strength influences the formation constant values, and the specific interaction theory (SIT) was used to estimate the interaction coefficient between AuCl4− and H+. Gold (III) was stripped using thiocyanate media, and from the strip solutions, gold was precipitated as gold nanoparticles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conventional and Novel Processes for the Extraction of Precious Metals from Spent Catalyst and Electronic Equipment)
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