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Processes
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Recent Advances in Environmental Pollution Control and Coal Combustion
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Recent Advances in Environmental Pollution Control and Coal Combustion

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (23 December 2022) | Viewed by 12862

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yongqing Xu

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Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Interests: CO2 capture; calcium looping; energy storage; chemical looping combustion; oxy-fuel combustion; CO2 conversion; CO2 hydrogenation; steam reforming; aqueous phase reforming
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Hui Zhou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Interests: heterogeneous catalysis; bioenergy conversion; waste to energy; carbon capture and utilization; hydrogen energy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Dikun Hong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
Interests: coal pyrolysos; oxy-fuel combustion; molecular simulation
Dr. Yang Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
Interests: gaseous pollutant control; resource utilization of municipal solid waste
Dr. Shijie Yu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Interests: hydrothermal conversion; biomass; carbon materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

When facing energy and environmental challenges, people should spare no efforts to alter the production mode towards a sustainable direction, and it is urgent to develop pollution control technology to address the pollutants.

Recently, achievements in the application of clean coal combustion and environmental pollution control have been realized by the new combustion technologies and pollution control technologies. New combustion technologies, such as chemical looping combustion (CLC), oxy-fuel combustion (O2/CO2), and Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC), etc., have achieved clean combustion and efficient production with fewer pollutions. However, a lot of work is still needed to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality.

This Special Issue on “Recent Advances in Clean Coal Combustion and Environmental Pollution Control Technologies” seeks high-quality reviews and research works that involve Clean Coal Combustion and Environmental Pollution Control. Topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Chemical looping combustion (CLC)
  • Oxy-fuel combustion (O2/CO2)
  • Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle(IGCC)
  • CO2 capture, utilization and storage
  • Emission of combustion pollutants
  • Catalytic combustion
  • Clean Coal Technologies

Dr. Yongqing Xu
Dr. Hui Zhou
Dr. Dikun Hong
Dr. Yang Xu
Dr. Shijie Yu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • CO2 capture
  • emission of combustion pollutants
  • oxy-fuel combustion
  • chemical-looping combustion
  • heavy metal pollution control
  • catalytic combustion
  • Clean Coal Technologies
  • bioenergy conversion
  • CO2 utilization

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2562 KiB  
Article
Use of Small Internal Combustion Engines for LNG Boil-Off Gas Conversion: An Experimental and Numerical Analysis
by Luigi De Simio, Sabato Iannaccone, Piersabato Gambino and Dario Catanese
Processes 2023, 11(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11010014 - 21 Dec 2022
Viewed by 2082
Abstract
LNG technologies have long been used but only recently found widespread employment on medium and small scales compared to the traditional cycle of liquefaction, transport by ship, regasification and injection into the gas network. This has increased the direct use of LNG with [...] Read more.
LNG technologies have long been used but only recently found widespread employment on medium and small scales compared to the traditional cycle of liquefaction, transport by ship, regasification and injection into the gas network. This has increased the direct use of LNG with the problem of limiting greenhouse gas emissions, linked to gas released principally in the event of prolonged absence of fuel drawing from the cryogenic tank. This study analyzes the energetic exploitation of BOG in small internal combustion engines. The effect on CO2 equivalent emissions was evaluated, making a comparison with the BOG emission into the atmosphere directly or after burning. A 1 kW gasoline engine was selected for a 500-litre LNG tank and converted to gas fueling. The measured consumption and emissions resulted in compliance with a lower environmental impact compared to direct BOG release into the atmosphere despite simplified technical solutions, such a cheap and light 2-stroke engine. In contrast, only a 4-stroke engine has performance such as achieving a reduction in GHG emissions, up to zero, even compared to the case of BOG combustion before releasing it into the atmosphere. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Environmental Pollution Control and Coal Combustion)
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12 pages, 1406 KiB  
Article
Coal Mine Personnel Safety Monitoring Technology Based on Uncooled Infrared Focal Plane Technology
by Kaifeng Huang, Ruihong Zhou, Yan Li, Litong Dou, Xing Zhang and Juqiang Feng
Processes 2022, 10(6), 1142; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10061142 - 07 Jun 2022
Viewed by 1267
Abstract
In an effort to overcome the difficulty of real-time early warning via traditional infrared imaging technology caused by the complex working environment in coal mines, this paper proposes a mine early warning method based on uncooled infrared focal plane technology. The infrared thermal [...] Read more.
In an effort to overcome the difficulty of real-time early warning via traditional infrared imaging technology caused by the complex working environment in coal mines, this paper proposes a mine early warning method based on uncooled infrared focal plane technology. The infrared thermal spectrogram of the detected object was visually displayed in a pseudo-color image with high resolution and high sensitivity, which can realize the real-time detection and early warning of personnel safety in modern mines. The multipoint compression correction algorithm based on human visual characteristics divided the response units of all acquisition units into gray intervals according to a threshold value, then the corresponding parameters were set in different intervals, and finally, each interval was compressed using a two-point correction algorithm. The volume of stored data was the sum of the calibration curve and the data from an encode table corrected by a MATLAB simulation, and the number of CPU cycles was run by a CCS 3.3 clock calculation algorithm. The results showed that when the temperature of the blackbody reached 115 °C, the nonuniformity before correction was 6.32%, and the nonuniformity after the multipoint correction of human eyes was 2.99%, which implied that the algorithm proposed in this paper had good denoising ability. The number of CPU cycles occupied by this algorithm was 18,257,363 cycles/frame with a frequency of 29.97 Hz. The sharpness of the compressed infrared images was obviously improved, and the uniformity was better. The method proposed in this paper can meet the need for modern mine personnel search and rescue, equipment supervision and dangerous area detection and other early warning requirements so as to achieve the goal of developing smart mines and ensuring safety in coal mine production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Environmental Pollution Control and Coal Combustion)
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21 pages, 3982 KiB  
Article
Thermal Storage Performance of Underground Cave Dwellings under Kang Intermittent Heating: A Case Study of Northern China
by Jiayin Zhu, Yingfang Liu, Ruixin Li, Bin Chen, Yu Chen and Jifu Lu
Processes 2022, 10(3), 595; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10030595 - 18 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1772
Abstract
The intermittent heating mode of Kang plays an important role in the heat storage and release in cave dwellings. However, research on the effect of Kang heating on the thermal process of traditional buildings is rare. Therefore, based on long-term monitoring of cave [...] Read more.
The intermittent heating mode of Kang plays an important role in the heat storage and release in cave dwellings. However, research on the effect of Kang heating on the thermal process of traditional buildings is rare. Therefore, based on long-term monitoring of cave dwellings, regular conclusions about the influence of Kang heating on the thermal environment were obtained. Furthermore, an unsteady heat transfer model of the envelope was proposed for the first time. Then, based on this model, the thermal storage performance of cave dwellings during the period of Kang intermittent heating was explored. The results showed that, due to Kang heating, the indoor air temperature of cave dwellings could be increased by an average of 3.1 °C. Furthermore, the inner walls had a large thermal mass and the maximum heat storage in a single day was 487.75 kJ/m2, while the maximum heat release was 419.02 kJ/m2. The heat release at night could reach 87%. In this paper, the law of thermal storage and release characteristics of earthen building envelopes under intermittent heating was firstly obtained. Results can enrich the thermal process theory of earthen buildings and provide a theoretical basis and technical support for building thermal environmental construction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Environmental Pollution Control and Coal Combustion)
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16 pages, 2448 KiB  
Article
Volatile Releasing Characteristics of Pulverized Coals under Moderate or Intense Low-Oxygen Dilution Oxy-Combustion Conditions in a Flat-Flame Assisted Entrained Flow Reactor
by Xiaohong Huang, Fan Hu, Weilong Liu, Peng Wang, Heming Sun and Zhaohui Liu
Processes 2022, 10(2), 358; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10020358 - 13 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1833
Abstract
There has been little research on volatile releasing characteristics of pulverized coals under moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution (MILD) oxy-combustion (MO) conditions. For the first time, volatile releasing characteristics of bituminous coal and semi-anthracite under both MILD air-combustion (MA) and MO conditions were [...] Read more.
There has been little research on volatile releasing characteristics of pulverized coals under moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution (MILD) oxy-combustion (MO) conditions. For the first time, volatile releasing characteristics of bituminous coal and semi-anthracite under both MILD air-combustion (MA) and MO conditions were investigated using a flat-flame assisted entrained flow reactor. Both heating rate (~105 K/s) and residence time (65 ms) were carefully selected to mimic the conditions in typical industrial boilers. The combustion processes and properties of the volatiles were characterized through direct observation and char analysis. The results showed that the lower diffusion rate of the volatile in CO2 resulted in the decreasing of the volatile envelope flame size and a longer volatile burnout time (more than 20%). For bituminous coal (volatile content of 25%), the lower amount of apparent volatile yield under MO conditions reduced the heating value of the volatile. For semi-anthracite coal (volatile content of 7%), the short devolatilization time led to char-CO2 gasification reaction, which increased the apparent volatile yield and the heating value of the volatile by 47% and the volatile-N by 19%. This paper indeed provided new insight into the MILD oxy-combustion of solid fuels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Environmental Pollution Control and Coal Combustion)
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18 pages, 5049 KiB  
Article
Sensor Fault Detection Combined Data Quality Optimization of Energy System for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction
by Yabin Guo, Zheng Zhang, Yu Chen, Hongxin Li, Changhai Liu, Jifu Lu and Ruixin Li
Processes 2022, 10(2), 347; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10020347 - 11 Feb 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1605
Abstract
China’s “dual carbon” goals, energy conservation and emission reduction in the energy system, have become increasingly important. The sensor fault of an energy system will cause unstable operation and increase energy consumption. Therefore, this study proposes a new sensor fault detection strategy based [...] Read more.
China’s “dual carbon” goals, energy conservation and emission reduction in the energy system, have become increasingly important. The sensor fault of an energy system will cause unstable operation and increase energy consumption. Therefore, this study proposes a new sensor fault detection strategy based on the data driven method for energy saving and emission reduction. However, for data-driven models, data quality has a greater impact on model performance. This study innovatively uses five machine learning methods to optimize the energy system operating data. Five machine learning methods include the moving average (MA), Lowess, Loess, Rlowess and Rloess methods. Fault detection performances of different data driven models optimized by different approaches are compared and analyzed. Besides, data outliers and parameter selection of data optimization methods are discussed. The results indicate that the MA method has the best optimization performance when the smoothness degree is level 2. The optimized data fluctuation range is controlled within the range of ±1. The fault detection accuracy rate of the model optimized based on the MA method is increased from 32.51% to 83.96% when the evaporation temperature sensor fault is a 5 °C deviation. However, the data will deviate from the original data trend when the smoothing parameter is set too large. Therefore, the smoothness of the data should not be too large. The approach proposed in this study is of great significance to the energy saving and emission reduction of the energy system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Environmental Pollution Control and Coal Combustion)
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Review

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23 pages, 1426 KiB  
Review
Environmental Aspects of the Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power (CCHP) Systems: A Review
by Mohsen Salimi, Morteza Hosseinpour, Shabnam Mansouri and Tohid N.Borhani
Processes 2022, 10(4), 711; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10040711 - 06 Apr 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3085
Abstract
Expanding cities means increasing the need for energy in the residential sector. The supply of this energy must be in environmentally friendly ways; one method of meeting demand in the residential sector is the use of combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems. [...] Read more.
Expanding cities means increasing the need for energy in the residential sector. The supply of this energy must be in environmentally friendly ways; one method of meeting demand in the residential sector is the use of combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems. The current review paper shows that due to the high cost of gas and electricity, CCHP can be used in various sectors, such as hospitals and airports, to reduce energy consumption with lower environmental impacts by using renewable energy systems as the main driver. While CCHP systems are not feasible in tropical regions with high cooling demand, a solar hybrid system is a superior candidate for regions with sufficient radiation. CCHP can also be used in sectors such as wastewater treatment units, desalination systems, and hydrogen production units to improve performance and increase productivity. The carbon and water footprints of CCHP systems are discussed in detail. The main drivers for reducing carbon and water footprints are improving system components such as the combustion engine and increasing productivity by expanding the system to multi-generation systems. Finally, the carbon tax index can help reduce carbon emissions if properly used in the right context. Based on our best knowledge, there is no extensive review of the environmental aspects of CCHP systems in the literature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Environmental Pollution Control and Coal Combustion)
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