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Polymers
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Polymer Materials for Triboelectric Power Generation
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Polymer Materials for Triboelectric Power Generation

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 April 2023) | Viewed by 13268

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Xin Jing

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Packaging and Materials Engineering , Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 11535, China
Interests: polymer composites for flexible devices; flexible sensors; triboelectric nanogenerators
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yunming Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Interests: polymer composites for flexible devices; flexible sensors; triboelectric nanogenerators
Prof. Dr. Hao-Yang Mi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Interests: polymer processing; polymer foams; multifunctional gels; sensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Polymers have played a vital role in our life dur to their fascinating properties and promising applications in various fields. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been recognized as a promising green energy-harvesting technique in the 21st century due to their simple device design, high output performance, extreme durability, low fabrication cost, as well as performance in harvesting ubiquitous mechanical energies in our daily life. Convenient microscale self-powered devices are highly desirable and meaningful for portable and wearable electronics in modern life. 

Recognizing the significance of microstructure, compositions, as well as the assembled methods in understanding the properties of the TENGs and flexible sensors under varied conditions, this Special Issue of Polymers invites contributions addressing several aspects of the development of novel TENGs, such as the study of the hierarchical microstructure, polymer composites, the assembled strategies, as well as new theoretical developments and simulations of modeling to satisfy the working principles of developed TENGs. The above list is only indicative and by no means exhaustive; any original experimental and theoretical or simulation work or review article on the role of TENGs is welcome. We hope that these contributions will address a variety of systems, including polymer nanocomposites, polymer blends, polymer hydrogels, as well as multicomponent polymeric systems.

Prof. Dr. Xin Jing
Dr. Yunming Wang
Dr. Hao-Yang Mi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • triboelectric nanogenerators
  • energy-harvesting devices
  • smart sensing
  • polymer composites
  • polymer hydrogels
  • theory and constitutive modeling
  • power generation

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 2694 KiB  
Article
Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Polyamide Composites Doped with 2D Graphitic Carbon Nitride
by Yana Xiao, Bingang Xu, Qi Bao and Yintung Lam
Polymers 2022, 14(15), 3029; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14153029 - 26 Jul 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2161
Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have attracted many researchers’ attention with their remarkable potential despite the fact that the practical implementation requires further improvement in their electric performance. In this work, a novel graphene phase two-dimension material, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), [...] Read more.
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have attracted many researchers’ attention with their remarkable potential despite the fact that the practical implementation requires further improvement in their electric performance. In this work, a novel graphene phase two-dimension material, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), was employed for the development of a TENG material with enhanced features. An electrospun nanofibrous PA66 membrane doped with g-C3N4 was fabricated as a multifunctional TENG for harvesting different kinds of mechanical energy and detecting human motions. By utilizing the innovative 2D material in PA66 solution for electrospinning, the as-made TENG showed a two times enhancement in electrical performance as compared to the control device, and also had the advantages of lightweight, softness, high porosity, and rugged interface properties. The assembled TENG with 4 cm2 could light up 40 light-emitting diodes by gentle hand clapping and power electronic watches or calculators with charging capacitors. At a given impact force of 40 N and 3 Hz, the as-made TENG can generate an open-circuit voltage of 80 V, short current of ±3 µA, charge transfer of 50 nC, and a maximum power density of 45 mW/m2 at a load resistance of 500 MΩ. The UV light sensitivity of TENG was also improved via g-C3N4 doping, showing that charge transfer is very sensitive with a two times enhancement with dopant. For the demonstration of applications, the g-C3N4 doped TENG was fabricated into an energy flag to scavenge wind energy and sensor devices for detecting human motions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer Materials for Triboelectric Power Generation)
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10 pages, 2287 KiB  
Article
A “Square Box”-Structured Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Road Transportation Monitoring
by Zhuo Chen, Hanyi Wu, Zhike Xia, Jian Zou, Shengji Wang, Peiyong Feng, Yuejun Liu, Zhi Zhang, Yinghui Shang and Xin Jing
Polymers 2022, 14(13), 2695; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14132695 - 30 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1554
Abstract
Nowadays, with the rapid development of e-commerce, the transportation of products has become more and more frequent. However, how to monitor the situation of products effectively and conveniently during road transportation is a long-standing problem. In order to meet this problem in practical [...] Read more.
Nowadays, with the rapid development of e-commerce, the transportation of products has become more and more frequent. However, how to monitor the situation of products effectively and conveniently during road transportation is a long-standing problem. In order to meet this problem in practical applications, we fabricated a triboelectric nanogenerator sensor with a “square box” structure (S-TENG) for detecting the vibration suffered by vehicles. Specifically, with the spring installed in the S-TENG as a trigger, the two friction layers can contact and then separate to generate the real-time electrical signals when the S-TENG receives external excitation. The output voltage signals of the S-TENG under different vibration states were tested and the results demonstrated that the peak and zero positions of the open-circuit voltage–output curve are related to amplitude and frequency, respectively. In addition, the subsequent simulation results, obtained by ANSYS and COMSOL software, were highly consistent with the experimental results. Furthermore, we built a platform to simulate the scene of the car passing through speed bumps, and the difference in height and the number of speed bumps were significantly distinguished according to the output voltage signals. Therefore, the S-TENG has broad application prospects in road transportation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer Materials for Triboelectric Power Generation)
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12 pages, 3834 KiB  
Article
Triboelectric Enhancement of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membrane Using Magnetic Nanoparticle for Water-Based Energy Harvesting
by Duy-Linh Vu and Kyoung-Kwan Ahn
Polymers 2022, 14(8), 1547; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14081547 - 11 Apr 2022
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 2775
Abstract
Produced by magnetic material dispersed in a viscous environment for the purpose of collecting and converting energy, magnetic rheological compounds greatly strengthen the development of skin-attachable and wearable electrical equipment. Given that magnetic nanomaterial anisotropy has a substantial influence on the interface polarizing [...] Read more.
Produced by magnetic material dispersed in a viscous environment for the purpose of collecting and converting energy, magnetic rheological compounds greatly strengthen the development of skin-attachable and wearable electrical equipment. Given that magnetic nanomaterial anisotropy has a substantial influence on the interface polarizing of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), it is critical to explore the function of magnetic polymer compounds in the triboelectric layer of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) output power. In this study, ferromagnetic cobalt ferrite, CoFe2O4 (CFO), nanoparticles, and PVDF were employed to create a triboelectric composite membrane to improve TENG energy output. The content of β phase in PVDF increased significantly from 51.2% of pure PVDF membrane to 77.7% of 5 wt% CFO nanoparticles in the PVDF matrix, which further increase the dielectric constant and negative charge of the membrane. As a consequence, the energy output of CFO/PVDF-5 TENG increased significantly with a voltage of 17.2 V, a current of 2.27 μA, and a power density of 90.3 mW/m2, which is 2.4 times the performance of pure PVDF TENG. Finally, the proposal for TENG hopes that its extraordinary stability and durability will provide additional views on hydrodynamic power generation in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer Materials for Triboelectric Power Generation)
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13 pages, 2810 KiB  
Article
Lightweight Polyethylene/Hexagonal Boron Nitride Hybrid Thermal Conductor Fabricated by Melt Compounding Plus Salt Leaching
by He-Jie Pi, Xiao-Xiao Liu, Jian-Yu Liao, Yue-Yun Zhou and Cong Meng
Polymers 2022, 14(5), 852; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14050852 - 22 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1868
Abstract
Application of porous polymeric materials is severely limited by their ultralow thermal conductivities. Herein, by promoting the formation of thermal conduction pathways, we fabricated open-cellular structured polyethylene/hexagonal boron nitride hybrid thermal conductors via melt compounding plus salt leaching. The structural analyses indicate that [...] Read more.
Application of porous polymeric materials is severely limited by their ultralow thermal conductivities. Herein, by promoting the formation of thermal conduction pathways, we fabricated open-cellular structured polyethylene/hexagonal boron nitride hybrid thermal conductors via melt compounding plus salt leaching. The structural analyses indicate that the inclusion of hBN can enhance the open-cell level of resultant materials. X-ray diffractions confirm the high in-plane alignments of hBN in each sample. Consequently, the test results evidence the superior thermal conductivities of our samples, and the thermal conductivities of each sample are characterized as functions of hBN loadings. Ultimately, our advanced porous thermal conductor with a low hBN loading of 3.1 vol% exhibits a high specific thermal conductivity of 0.75 (W/mk)/(g/cm3), which is 82.9% higher than virgin PE and far higher than bulk PE/hBN composites. Our work also intends to reveal the architectural advantages of open-cellular, as compared with the close-one, in fabricating porous materials with highly interconnected fillers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer Materials for Triboelectric Power Generation)
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Review

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19 pages, 7237 KiB  
Review
Development and Applications of Hydrogel-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators: A Mini-Review
by Sheng-Ji Wang, Xin Jing, Hao-Yang Mi, Zhuo Chen, Jian Zou, Zi-Hao Liu, Pei-Yong Feng, Yuejun Liu, Zhi Zhang and Yinghui Shang
Polymers 2022, 14(7), 1452; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14071452 - 2 Apr 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4216
Abstract
In recent years, with the appearance of the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), there has been a wave of research on small energy harvesting devices and self-powered wearable electronics. Hydrogels—as conductive materials with excellent tensile properties—have been widely focused on by researchers, which encouraged the [...] Read more.
In recent years, with the appearance of the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), there has been a wave of research on small energy harvesting devices and self-powered wearable electronics. Hydrogels—as conductive materials with excellent tensile properties—have been widely focused on by researchers, which encouraged the development of the hydrogel-based TENGs (H-TENGs) that use the hydrogel as an electrode. Due to the great feasibility of adjusting the conductivity and mechanical property as well as the microstructure of the hydrogels, many H-TENGs with excellent performance have emerged, some of which are capable of excellent outputting ability with an output voltage of 992 V, and self-healing performance which can spontaneously heal within 1 min without any external stimuli. Although there are numerous studies on H-TENGs with excellent performance, a comprehensive review paper that systematically correlates hydrogels’ properties to TENGs is still absent. Therefore, in this review, we aim to provide a panoramic overview of the working principle as well as the preparation strategies that significantly affect the properties of H-TENGs. We review hydrogel classification categories such as their network composition and their potential applications on sensing and energy harvesting, and in biomedical fields. Moreover, the challenges faced by the H-TENGs are also discussed, and relative future development of the H-TENGs are also provided to address them. The booming growth of H-TENGs not only broadens the applications of hydrogels into new areas, but also provides a novel alternative for the sustainable power sources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer Materials for Triboelectric Power Generation)
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