Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
6.6
5.0
Journals
Polymers
Special Issues
Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications
share announcement

Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomacromolecules, Biobased and Biodegradable Polymers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2020) | Viewed by 69790

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Daniel Torres-Lagares

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
Interests: oral surgery; dental materials; oral cancer; implant dentistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. María-Angeles Serrera-Figallo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Independent Research Scholar, Av. Fuerzas Armadas n1, 18014 Granada, Spain
Interests: oral medicine; oral surgery; dental materials; handicapped patients
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. María Rizo-Gorrita

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
Interests: oral surgery; dental materials; implant dentistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The materials used in dentistry, given the especially harsh conditions they must endure, have always been of a high quality, both in terms of technology and development. In today’s world, this premise remains absolutely valid. The new bleaching materials, restorers, or regenerators have important research works and developments that make this area a constantly evolving field. Polymeric materials, given the large number of situations in which they can be used, are one of the groups that have aroused the most interest in this evolution. This volume will be focused on the latest advances in this section.

Dr. Daniel Torres-Lagares
Dr. María-Angeles Serrera-Figallo
Dr. María Rizo-Gorrita
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dental materials
  • restorative dentistry
  • regeneration
  • whitening materials
  • scaffolds
  • dental implants
  • healing materials
  • polymers

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (16 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Review

16 pages, 2663 KiB  
Article
Evolution of Network Structure and Mechanical Properties in Autonomous-Strengthening Dental Adhesive
by Rizacan Sarikaya, Linyong Song, Qiang Ye, Anil Misra, Candan Tamerler and Paulette Spencer
Polymers 2020, 12(9), 2076; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12092076 - 12 Sep 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2079
Abstract
The inherent degradation property of most dental resins in the mouth leads to the long-term release of degradation by-products at the adhesive/tooth interface. The by-products increase the virulence of cariogenic bacteria, provoking a degradative positive-feedback loop that leads to physicochemical and mechanical failure. [...] Read more.
The inherent degradation property of most dental resins in the mouth leads to the long-term release of degradation by-products at the adhesive/tooth interface. The by-products increase the virulence of cariogenic bacteria, provoking a degradative positive-feedback loop that leads to physicochemical and mechanical failure. Photoinduced free-radical polymerization and sol‒gel reactions have been coupled to produce a novel autonomous-strengthening adhesive with enhanced hydrolytic stability. This paper investigates the effect of network structure on time-dependent mechanical properties in adhesives with and without autonomous strengthening. Stress relaxation was conducted under 0.2% strain for 8 h followed by 40 h recovery in water. The stress‒time relationship is analyzed by nonlinear least-squares data-fitting. The fitted Prony series predicts the sample’s history under monotonic loading. Results showed that the control failed after the first loading‒unloading‒recovery cycle with permanent deformation. While for the experimental sample, the displacement was almost completely recovered and the Young’s modulus increased significantly after the first test cycle. The experimental polymer exhibited higher degree of conversion, lower leachate, and time-dependent stiffening characteristics. The autonomous-strengthening reaction persists in the aqueous environment leading to a network with enhanced resistance to deformation. The results illustrate a rational approach for tuning the viscoelasticity of durable dental adhesives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

12 pages, 4057 KiB  
Article
Effect of Pressure and Particle Size During Aluminum Oxide Air Abrasion on the Flexural Strength of Disperse-Filled Composite and Polymer-Infiltrated Ceramic Network Materials
by Jong-Eun Kim, Jung-Hwa Lim, You-Jung Kang, Jee-Hwan Kim and June-Sung Shim
Polymers 2020, 12(6), 1396; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12061396 - 22 Jun 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2816
Abstract
Esthetic dental computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) polymers such as disperse-filled composites (DFC) and polymer-infiltrated ceramic networks (PICN) should be subjected to surface treatment before bonding. However, such treatment can lead to defect formation and a decrease in strength. Therefore, in this study, we [...] Read more.
Esthetic dental computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) polymers such as disperse-filled composites (DFC) and polymer-infiltrated ceramic networks (PICN) should be subjected to surface treatment before bonding. However, such treatment can lead to defect formation and a decrease in strength. Therefore, in this study, we compared the flexural strengths of DFC and PICN materials air-abraded with alumina particles of different sizes at different pressures. In addition to Weibull analysis, the samples (untreated and treated) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Both DFC and PICN exhibited the lowest flexural strength at large particle sizes and high pressures. Therefore, we optimized the air abrasion parameters to maintain the flexural strength and significantly increase surface roughness. In the case of DFC, the optimal particle size and pressure conditions were 50 µm at 2 bar and 110 µm at 1 bar, while for PICN, the best performance was obtained using Al2O3 particles with a size of 50 µm at 1 bar. This study reveals that optimization of the surface treatment process is crucial in the fabrication of high-performance clinical materials for dental restorations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

19 pages, 5983 KiB  
Article
Differential Biodegradation Kinetics of Collagen Membranes for Bone Regeneration
by Manuel Toledano, Samara Asady, Manuel Toledano-Osorio, Franklin García-Godoy, María-Angeles Serrera-Figallo, José A. Benítez-García and Raquel Osorio
Polymers 2020, 12(6), 1290; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12061290 - 04 Jun 2020
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 3210
Abstract
Native collagen-based membranes are used to guide bone regeneration; but due to their rapid biodegradation, this treatment is often unpredictable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biodegradability of natural collagen membranes. Three non-cross-linked resorbable collagen barrier membranes were tested: Derma [...] Read more.
Native collagen-based membranes are used to guide bone regeneration; but due to their rapid biodegradation, this treatment is often unpredictable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biodegradability of natural collagen membranes. Three non-cross-linked resorbable collagen barrier membranes were tested: Derma Fina (porcine dermis), Evolution Standard (equine pericardium) and Duo-Teck (equine lyophilized collagen felt). 10 × 10 mm2 pieces of membranes were submitted to three different degradation procedures: (1) hydrolytic degradation in phosphate buffer solution, (2) enzyme resistance, using a 0.25% porcine trypsin solution, and (3) bacterial (Clostridium histolyticum) collagenase resistance test. Weight measurements were performed with an analytic microbalance. Thickness was measured with a digital caliper. Membranes were analyzed at different time-points, up to 21 d of immersion. A stereomicroscope was used to obtain membranes’ images. ANOVA and Student Newman Keuls were used for mean comparisons (p < 0.05), except when analyzing differences between time-points within the same membrane and solution where pair-wise comparisons were applied (p < 0.001). Derma Fina attained the highest resistance to all degradation challenges. Duo-Teck was the most susceptible membrane to degradation, complete degradation occurred as soon as 8 h. The bacterial collagenase solution performed as the most aggressive test as all membranes presented 100% degradation before 21 d. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

22 pages, 4058 KiB  
Article
Doxycycline and Zinc Loaded Silica-Nanofibrous Polymers as Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration
by Manuel Toledano, Manuel Toledano-Osorio, Raquel Osorio, Álvaro Carrasco-Carmona, José-Luis Gutiérrez-Pérez, Aida Gutiérrez-Corrales, María-Angeles Serrera-Figallo, Christopher D. Lynch and Daniel Torres-Lagares
Polymers 2020, 12(5), 1201; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12051201 - 25 May 2020
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 3551
Abstract
The main target of bone tissue engineering is to design biomaterials that support bone regeneration and vascularization. Nanostructured membranes of (MMA)1-co-(HEMA)1/(MA)3-co-(HEA)2 loaded with 5% wt of SiO2-nanoparticles (HOOC-Si-Membrane) were doped with zinc (Zn-HOOC-Si-Membrane) or [...] Read more.
The main target of bone tissue engineering is to design biomaterials that support bone regeneration and vascularization. Nanostructured membranes of (MMA)1-co-(HEMA)1/(MA)3-co-(HEA)2 loaded with 5% wt of SiO2-nanoparticles (HOOC-Si-Membrane) were doped with zinc (Zn-HOOC-Si-Membrane) or doxycycline (Dox-HOOC-Si-Membrane). Critical bone defects were effectuated on six New Zealand-bred rabbit skulls and covered with the membranes. After six weeks, the bone architecture was evaluated with micro computed tomography. Three histological analyses were utilized to analyse bone regeneration, including von Kossa silver nitrate, toluidine blue and fluorescence. All membrane-treated defects exhibited higher number of osteocytes and bone perimeter than the control group without the membrane. Zn-HOOC-Si-Membranes induced higher new bone and osteoid area than those treated with HOOC-Si-Membranes, and control group, respectively. Zn-HOOC-Si-Membranes and Dox-HOOC-Si-Membranes attained the lowest ratio M1 macrophages/M2 macrophages. Dox-HOOC-Si-Membranes caused the lowest number of osteoclasts, and bone density. At the trabecular new bone, Zn-HOOC-Si-Membranes produced the highest angiogenesis, bone thickness, connectivity, junctions and branches. Zn-HOOC-Si-Membranes enhanced biological activity, attained a balanced remodeling, and achieved the greatest regenerative efficiency after osteogenesis and angiogenesis assessments. The bone-integrated Zn-HOOC-Si-Membranes can be considered as bioactive modulators provoking a M2 macrophages (pro-healing cells) increase, being a potential biomaterial for promoting bone repair. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

11 pages, 984 KiB  
Article
Silane Effect of Universal Adhesive on the Composite–Composite Repair Bond Strength after Different Surface Pretreatments
by Gioia Michelotti, Maria Niedzwiecki, Darius Bidjan, Phoebe Dieckmann, Shengjile Deari, Thomas Attin and Tobias T. Tauböck
Polymers 2020, 12(4), 950; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12040950 - 19 Apr 2020
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 3628
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of a separate silanization step on the repair bond strength of composite substrates using a universal adhesive after various mechanical surface treatments. Composite specimens were aged and exposed to the following mechanical roughening treatments: diamond bur abrasion, aluminum [...] Read more.
This study investigated the impact of a separate silanization step on the repair bond strength of composite substrates using a universal adhesive after various mechanical surface treatments. Composite specimens were aged and exposed to the following mechanical roughening treatments: diamond bur abrasion, aluminum oxide sandblasting, or silica coating. The specimens were then either left untreated or conditioned with universal adhesive (Scotchbond Universal), or a silane coupling agent was applied before the use of the universal adhesive or a conventional adhesive (Optibond FL). The conditioned surfaces and fresh substrate (positive control group) were covered with repair composite, and microtensile bond strength testing was performed. The significantly highest bond strength was obtained in the positive control group. Repair bond strength of the universal adhesive applied after a separate silanization step was similar to that without prior silanization, independent of the mechanical surface treatment. Moreover, after silica coating, no significant differences in the repair bond strength were detected among the different adhesive treatments. In conclusion, a separate silanization step before surface conditioning with the universal adhesive does not enhance the repair bond strength. On silica-coated composite substrates, repair bond strength values of the universal adhesive were similar to those of the conventional adhesive. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 7389 KiB  
Article
Performance of a Biodegradable Composite with Hydroxyapatite as a Scaffold in Pulp Tissue Repair
by Motoki Okamoto, Sayako Matsumoto, Ayato Sugiyama, Kei Kanie, Masakatsu Watanabe, Hailing Huang, Manahil Ali, Yuki Ito, Jiro Miura, Yujiro Hirose, Koichiro Uto, Mitsuhiro Ebara, Ryuji Kato, Aika Yamawaki-Ogata, Yuji Narita, Shigetada Kawabata, Yusuke Takahashi and Mikako Hayashi
Polymers 2020, 12(4), 937; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12040937 - 17 Apr 2020
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3983
Abstract
Vital pulp therapy is an important endodontic treatment. Strategies using growth factors and biological molecules are effective in developing pulp capping materials based on wound healing by the dentin-pulp complex. Our group developed biodegradable viscoelastic polymer materials for tissue-engineered medical devices. The polymer [...] Read more.
Vital pulp therapy is an important endodontic treatment. Strategies using growth factors and biological molecules are effective in developing pulp capping materials based on wound healing by the dentin-pulp complex. Our group developed biodegradable viscoelastic polymer materials for tissue-engineered medical devices. The polymer contents help overcome the poor fracture toughness of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-facilitated osteogenic differentiation of pulp cells. However, the composition of this novel polymer remained unclear. This study evaluated a novel polymer composite, P(CL-co-DLLA) and HAp, as a direct pulp capping carrier for biological molecules. The biocompatibility of the novel polymer composite was evaluated by determining the cytotoxicity and proliferation of human dental stem cells in vitro. The novel polymer composite with BMP-2, which reportedly induced tertiary dentin, was tested as a direct pulp capping material in a rat model. Cytotoxicity and proliferation assays revealed that the biocompatibility of the novel polymer composite was similar to that of the control. The novel polymer composite with BMP-2-induced tertiary dentin, similar to hydraulic calcium-silicate cement, in the direct pulp capping model. The BMP-2 composite upregulated wound healing-related gene expression compared to the novel polymer composite alone. Therefore, we suggest that novel polymer composites could be effective carriers for pulp capping. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 1679 KiB  
Article
Antibacterial Properties of Triethoxysilylpropyl Succinic Anhydride Silane (TESPSA) on Titanium Dental Implants
by Judit Buxadera-Palomero, Maria Godoy-Gallardo, Meritxell Molmeneu, Miquel Punset and Francisco Javier Gil
Polymers 2020, 12(4), 773; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12040773 - 01 Apr 2020
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4111
Abstract
Infections related to dental implants are a common complication that can ultimately lead to implant failure, and thereby carries significant health and economic costs. In order to ward off these infections, this paper explores the immobilization of triethoxysilylpropyl succinic anhydride (TESPSA, TSP) silane [...] Read more.
Infections related to dental implants are a common complication that can ultimately lead to implant failure, and thereby carries significant health and economic costs. In order to ward off these infections, this paper explores the immobilization of triethoxysilylpropyl succinic anhydride (TESPSA, TSP) silane onto dental implants, and the interaction of two distinct monospecies biofilms and an oral plaque with the coated titanium samples. To this end, titanium disks from prior machining were first activated by a NaOH treatment and further functionalized with TESPSA silane. A porous sodium titanate surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses confirmed the presence of TESPSA on the titanium samples (8.4% for Ti–N-TSP). Furthermore, a lactate dehydrogenase assay concluded that TESPSA did not have a negative effect on the viability of human fibroblasts. Importantly, the in vitro effect of modified surfaces against Streptococcus sanguinis, Lactobacillus salivarius and oral plaque were studied using a viable bacterial adhesion assay. A significant reduction was achieved in all cases but, as expected, with different effectiveness against simple mono-species biofilm (ratio dead/live of 0.4) and complete oral biofilm (ratio dead/live of 0.6). Nevertheless, this approach holds a great potential to provide dental implants with antimicrobial properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 2194 KiB  
Article
Dendritic Scaffold onto Titanium Implants. A Versatile Strategy Increasing Biocompatibility
by Noemi Molina, Ana González, Donato Monopoli, Belinda Mentado, José Becerra, Leonor Santos-Ruiz, Yolanda Vida and Ezequiel Perez-Inestrosa
Polymers 2020, 12(4), 770; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12040770 - 01 Apr 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3174
Abstract
Osseointegration of metal prosthetic implants is a yet unresolved clinical need that depends on the interplay between the implant surface and bone cells. The lack of a relationship between bone cells and metal has traditionally been solved by coating the former with “organic” [...] Read more.
Osseointegration of metal prosthetic implants is a yet unresolved clinical need that depends on the interplay between the implant surface and bone cells. The lack of a relationship between bone cells and metal has traditionally been solved by coating the former with “organic” ceramics, such as hydroxyapatite. A novel approach is hereby presented, immobilizing covalently dendrimeric structures onto titanium implants. Amide-based amino terminal dendrons were synthetized and coupled to titanium surfaces in a versatile and controlled way. The dendritic moieties provide an excellent scaffold for the covalent immobilization of bioactive molecules, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) protein components or antibiotics. Herein, tripeptide arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motifs were used to decorate the dendritic scaffolds and their influence on cell adhesion and proliferation processes was evaluated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

19 pages, 5291 KiB  
Article
Covalent Surface Functionalization of Bovine Serum Albumin to Magnesium Surface to Provide Robust Corrosion Inhibition and Enhance In Vitro Osteo-Inductivity
by Seo Yeon Lee, Sita Shrestha, Bishnu Kumar Shrestha, Chan Hee Park and Cheol Sang Kim
Polymers 2020, 12(2), 439; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12020439 - 13 Feb 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3091
Abstract
Herein, we describe precisely a covalent modification of pure magnesium (Mg) surface and its application to induce in vitro osteogenic differentiation. The new concept of a chemical bonding method is proposed for developing stable chemical bonds on the Mg surface through the serial [...] Read more.
Herein, we describe precisely a covalent modification of pure magnesium (Mg) surface and its application to induce in vitro osteogenic differentiation. The new concept of a chemical bonding method is proposed for developing stable chemical bonds on the Mg surface through the serial assembly of bioactive additives that include ascorbic acid (AA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). We studied both the physicochemical and electrochemical properties using scanning electron microscopy and other techniques to confirm how the covalent bonding of BSA on Mg can, after coating, significantly enhance the chemical stability of the substrate. The modified Mg-OH-AA-BSA exhibits better anti-corrosion behavior with high corrosion potential (Ecorr = −0.96 V) and low corrosion current density (Icorr = 0.2 µA cm−2) as compared to the pure Mg (Ecorr = −1.46 V, Icorr = 10.42 µA cm−2). The outer layer of BSA on Mg protects the fast degradation rate of Mg, which is the consequence of the strong chemicals bonds between amine groups on BSA with carboxylic groups on AA as the possible mechanism of peptide bonds. Collectively, the results suggest that the surface-modified Mg provides a strong bio-interface, and enhances the proliferation and differentiation of pre-osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells through a protein–lipid interaction. We therefore conclude that the technique we describe provides a cost-effective and scalable way to generate chemically stable Mg surface that inherits a biological advantage in orthopedic and dental implants in clinical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 3545 KiB  
Article
Fluorinated Montmorillonite and 3YSZ as the Inorganic Fillers in Fluoride-Releasing and Rechargeable Dental Composition Resin
by Keng-Yuan Li, Cheng-Chia Tsai, Tzu-Chieh Lin, Yin-Lin Wang, Feng-Huei Lin and Chun-Pin Lin
Polymers 2020, 12(1), 223; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12010223 - 16 Jan 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3738
Abstract
Dental caries (tooth decay) is the most frequent oral disease in humans. Filling cavities with a dental restorative material is the most common treatment, and glass ionomer cements are the main fluoride ion release restorative materials. The goal of this study was to [...] Read more.
Dental caries (tooth decay) is the most frequent oral disease in humans. Filling cavities with a dental restorative material is the most common treatment, and glass ionomer cements are the main fluoride ion release restorative materials. The goal of this study was to develop a restorative compound with superior fluoride ion release and recharge abilities. Previously developed fluorinated bentolite and hydrophobized 3YSZ were used as two different inorganic fillers mixed in a bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) matrix. XRD, FTIR, and TGA were used to determine the hydrophobic modification of these two inorganic fillers. In mechanical tests, including diameter tensile strength, flexural strength, and wear resistance, the developed composite resin was significantly superior to the commercial control. A WST-1 assay was used to confirm that the material displayed good biocompatibility. Furthermore, the simulation of the oral environment confirmed that the composite resin had good fluoride ion release and reloading abilities. Thus, the composite resin developed in this study may reduce secondary caries and provide a new choice for future clinical treatments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

15 pages, 2043 KiB  
Article
Biocompatibility of Polymer and Ceramic CAD/CAM Materials with Human Gingival Fibroblasts (HGFs)
by María Rizo-Gorrita, Cristina Herráez-Galindo, Daniel Torres-Lagares, María-Ángeles Serrera-Figallo and José-Luis Gutiérre-Pérez
Polymers 2019, 11(9), 1446; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11091446 - 03 Sep 2019
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 4851
Abstract
Four polymer and ceramic computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials from different manufacturers (VITA CAD-Temp (polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA), Celtra Duo (zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic, ZLS), IPS e.max CAD (lithium disilicate (LS2)), and VITA YZ (yttrium-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal, Y-TZP)) were tested to evaluate [...] Read more.
Four polymer and ceramic computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials from different manufacturers (VITA CAD-Temp (polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA), Celtra Duo (zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic, ZLS), IPS e.max CAD (lithium disilicate (LS2)), and VITA YZ (yttrium-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal, Y-TZP)) were tested to evaluate the cytotoxic effects and collagen type I secretions on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). A total of 160 disc-shaped samples (Ø: 10 ± 2 mm; h: 2 mm) were milled from commercial blanks and blocks. Direct-contact cytotoxicity assays were evaluated at 24, 48, and 72 h, and collagen type I (COL1) secretions were analysed by cell-based ELISA at 24 and 72 h. Both experiments revealed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). At 24 and 48 h of contact, cytotoxic potential was observed for all materials. Later, at 72 h, all groups reached biologically acceptable levels. LS2 showed the best results regarding cell viability and collagen secretion in all of the time evaluations, while Y-TZP and ZLS revealed intermediate results, and PMMA exhibited the lowest values in both experiments. At 72 h, all groups showed sharp decreases in COL1 secretion regarding the 24-h values. According to the results obtained and the limitations of the present in vitro study, it may be concluded that the ceramic materials revealed a better cell response than the polymers. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to consolidate these findings and thus extrapolate the results into clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Review

Jump to: Research

25 pages, 3175 KiB  
Review
Current Insight of Collagen Biomatrix for Gingival Recession: An Evidence-Based Systematic Review
by Ruth Naomi, Retno Ardhani, Osa Amila Hafiyyah and Mh Busra Fauzi
Polymers 2020, 12(9), 2081; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12092081 - 13 Sep 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4398
Abstract
Collagen (Col) is a naturally available material and is widely used in the tissue engineering and medical field owing to its high biocompatibility and malleability. Promising results on the use of Col were observed in the periodontal application and many attempts have been [...] Read more.
Collagen (Col) is a naturally available material and is widely used in the tissue engineering and medical field owing to its high biocompatibility and malleability. Promising results on the use of Col were observed in the periodontal application and many attempts have been carried out to inculcate Col for gingival recession (GR). Col is found to be an excellent provisional bioscaffold for the current treatment in GR. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to scrutinize an overview of the reported Col effect focusing on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials in GR application. A comprehensive literature search was performed using EBSCOhost, Science Direct, Springer Link, and Medline & Ovid databases to identify the potential articles on particular topics. The search query was accomplished based on the Boolean operators involving keywords such as (1) collagen OR scaffold OR hybrid scaffold OR biomaterial AND (2) gingiva recession OR tissue regeneration OR dental tissue OR healing mechanism OR gingiva. Only articles published from 2015 onwards were selected for further analysis. This review includes the physicochemical properties of Col scaffold and the outcome for GR. The comprehensive literature search retrieved a total of 3077 articles using the appropriate keywords. However, on the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 15 articles were chosen for further review. The results from these articles indicated that Col promoted gingival tissue regeneration for GR healing. Therefore, this systematic review recapitulated that Col enhances regeneration of gingival tissue either through a slow or rapid process with no sign of cytotoxicity or adverse effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

12 pages, 4160 KiB  
Review
State of the Art on Biomaterials for Soft Tissue Augmentation in the Oral Cavity. Part I: Natural Polymers-Based Biomaterials
by Manuel Toledano, Manuel Toledano-Osorio, Álvaro Carrasco-Carmona, Cristina Vallecillo, Christopher D. Lynch, María T. Osorio and Raquel Osorio
Polymers 2020, 12(8), 1850; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12081850 - 18 Aug 2020
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5143
Abstract
Oral soft tissue thickening or grafting procedures are often necessary to cover tooth recession, re-establish an adequate width of keratinized tissue, correct mucogingival deformities improving esthetics, prepare a site for an implant or prosthetics, for ridge preservation procedures, and soft tissue contouring around [...] Read more.
Oral soft tissue thickening or grafting procedures are often necessary to cover tooth recession, re-establish an adequate width of keratinized tissue, correct mucogingival deformities improving esthetics, prepare a site for an implant or prosthetics, for ridge preservation procedures, and soft tissue contouring around dental implants. Gingival recession and root or implant exposure are commonly associated and have led to mucogingival deficiencies that have traditionally been treated with free gingival grafts and autogenous soft tissue grafts. The latter represents the gold standard in acquiring a functionally adequate zone of keratinized attached gingiva. However, soft tissue substitutes are more usually employed because they lessen morbidity and abbreviate surgical time. This review is aimed at assessing oral soft tissue augmentation techniques and biomaterials used from existing literature, principally concerning scaffolds from both human and animal-based tissue derivatives matrices. In order to avoid the use of human donor tissue, the xenogenic collagen matrices are proposed for soft tissue augmentation. In general, all of them have provided the remodeling processes and enhanced the formation of new connective tissue within the matrix body. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 2344 KiB  
Review
State of the Art on Biomaterials for Soft Tissue Augmentation in the Oral Cavity. Part II: Synthetic Polymers-Based Biomaterials
by Manuel Toledano, Manuel Toledano-Osorio, Álvaro Carrasco-Carmona, Cristina Vallecillo, Raquel Toledano, Antonio Luis Medina-Castillo and Raquel Osorio
Polymers 2020, 12(8), 1845; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12081845 - 17 Aug 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3564
Abstract
Most of the polymers used as biomaterials for scaffolds are naturally occurring, synthetic biodegradable, and synthetic non-biodegradable polymers. Since synthetic polymers can be adapted for obtaining singular desired characteristics by applying various fabrication techniques, their use has increased in the biomedical field, in [...] Read more.
Most of the polymers used as biomaterials for scaffolds are naturally occurring, synthetic biodegradable, and synthetic non-biodegradable polymers. Since synthetic polymers can be adapted for obtaining singular desired characteristics by applying various fabrication techniques, their use has increased in the biomedical field, in dentistry in particular. The manufacturing methods of these new structures include many processes, such as electrospinning, 3D printing, or the use of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM). Synthetic polymers show several drawbacks that can limit their use in clinical applications, such as the lack of cellular recognition, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Moreover, concerning biodegradable polymers, the time for matrix resorption is not predictable, and non-resorbable matrices are preferred for soft tissue augmentation in the oral cavity. This review aimed to determine a new biomaterial to offset the present shortcomings in the oral environment. Researchers have recently proposed a novel non-resorbable composite membrane manufactured via electrospinning that has allowed obtaining remarkable in vivo outcomes concerning angiogenesis and immunomodulation throughout the polarization of macrophages. A prototype of the protocol for in vitro and in vivo experimentation with hydrogels is explained in order to encourage innovation into the development of promising biomaterials for soft tissue augmentation in the near future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

47 pages, 9730 KiB  
Review
Clinical Effectiveness of Bulk-Fill and Conventional Resin Composite Restorations: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Heber Isac Arbildo-Vega, Barbara Lapinska, Saurav Panda, César Lamas-Lara, Abdul Samad Khan and Monika Lukomska-Szymanska
Polymers 2020, 12(8), 1786; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12081786 - 10 Aug 2020
Cited by 76 | Viewed by 8964
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the clinical effectiveness of bulk-fill and conventional resin in composite restorations. A bibliographic search was carried out until May 2020, in the biomedical databases Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, CENTRAL and Web of Science. [...] Read more.
The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the clinical effectiveness of bulk-fill and conventional resin in composite restorations. A bibliographic search was carried out until May 2020, in the biomedical databases Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, CENTRAL and Web of Science. The study selection criteria were: randomized clinical trials, in English, with no time limit, with a follow-up greater than or equal to 6 months and that reported the clinical effects (absence of fractures, absence of discoloration or marginal staining, adequate adaptation marginal, absence of post-operative sensitivity, absence of secondary caries, adequate color stability and translucency, proper surface texture, proper anatomical form, adequate tooth integrity without wear, adequate restoration integrity, proper occlusion, absence of inflammation and adequate point of contact) of restorations made with conventional and bulk resins. The risk of bias of the study was analyzed using the Cochrane Manual of Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Sixteen articles were eligible and included in the study. The results indicated that there is no difference between restorations with conventional and bulk resins for the type of restoration, type of tooth restored and restoration technique used. However, further properly designed clinical studies are required in order to reach a better conclusion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 971 KiB  
Review
Ageing of Dental Composites Based on Methacrylate Resins—A Critical Review of the Causes and Method of Assessment
by Agata Szczesio-Wlodarczyk, Jerzy Sokolowski, Joanna Kleczewska and Kinga Bociong
Polymers 2020, 12(4), 882; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12040882 - 10 Apr 2020
Cited by 82 | Viewed by 8361
Abstract
The paper reviews the environmental factors affecting ageing processes, and the degradation of resins, filler, and the filler-matrix interface. It discusses the current methods of testing materials in vitro. A review of literature was conducted with the main sources being PubMed. ScienceDirect, Mendeley, [...] Read more.
The paper reviews the environmental factors affecting ageing processes, and the degradation of resins, filler, and the filler-matrix interface. It discusses the current methods of testing materials in vitro. A review of literature was conducted with the main sources being PubMed. ScienceDirect, Mendeley, and Google Scholar were used as other resources. Studies were selected based on relevance, with a preference given to recent research. The ageing process is an inherent element of the use of resin composites in the oral environment, which is very complex and changes dynamically. The hydrolysis of dental resins is accelerated by some substances (enzymes, acids). Bonds formed between coupling agent and inorganic filler are prone to hydrolysis. Methods for prediction of long-term behaviour are not included in composite standards. Given the very complex chemical composition of the oral environment, ageing tests based on water can only provide a limited view of the clinical performance of biomaterial. Systems that can reproduce dynamic changes in stress (thermal cycling, fatigue tests) are better able to mimic clinical conditions and could be extremely valuable in predicting dental composite clinical performance. It is essential to identify procedure to determine the ageing process of dental materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymeric Materials for Dental Applications)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-16
Back to TopTop