Advances in Optical Polymers Applied in the Specific Chemical Environment

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2020) | Viewed by 2828

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
Interests: photopolymer; optical element; liquid crystals devices; optical simulation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A photopolymer or light-activated resin is a polymer that changes its properties when exposed to light, often in the ultraviolet region. Among these photopolymers, transparent photopolymers are often used to compose optical elements. However, two properties restrict their much wider use.

The first issue is that when applied to form a microstructure, their refractive index and dispersion property are often different from those of bulk-structures. Precisely measuring their optical properties could be an important issue, one solution of which could be to measure its refractive index and dispersion by forming a micro-optical element, which has a comparable microdimension.

The second issue is that when applied in a highly chemical environment, such as a contact lens on the cornea, the refractive index and geometry of photopolymers changes. Under this condition, it is important to precisely describe the mechanism of variation or measure the changes in the refractive index, size, and profile of the formed optical elements. In the industry, trial and error has been a solution adopted in the production line.

The third issue is the bioeffect of polymers in various cells, tissues, and organisms. There are several polymers that are used a lot in organisms, including filling dental cavities, bone cement, contact lenses. Therefore, the bioeffect of polymers is a critical question for human health.

This Special Issue seeks high-quality works and topics focusing, among others, on the latest approaches to the measurement of optical properties and geometry of polymer-based lenses for different applications.

Prof. Shuan-Yu Huang
Guest Editor

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11 pages, 2669 KiB  
Article
Toxic Effects of Urethane Dimethacrylate on Macrophages Through Caspase Activation, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation
by Chih-Yang Chang, Chen-Yu Chiang, Yun-Wei Chiang, Min-Wei Lee, Chien-Ying Lee, Hung-Yi Chen, Hui-Wen Lin and Yu-Hsiang Kuan
Polymers 2020, 12(6), 1398; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12061398 - 22 Jun 2020
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 2591
Abstract
Urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) is a dimethacrylate-based resin monomer that can react with other related monomers and inorganic particles, causing hydrophobic polymerization through cross-linking upon light activation. UDMA polymers are commonly used for the reconstruction and reinforcement of teeth and bones. UDMA can become [...] Read more.
Urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) is a dimethacrylate-based resin monomer that can react with other related monomers and inorganic particles, causing hydrophobic polymerization through cross-linking upon light activation. UDMA polymers are commonly used for the reconstruction and reinforcement of teeth and bones. UDMA can become unbound and be released from light-cured polymer resins. Thus far, no evidence exists on the toxic effects of UDMA and its related working mechanisms for macrophages. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the cytotoxicity, mode of cell death, DNA damage, caspase activities, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in RAW264.7 macrophages treated with UDMA using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay kit, Annexin V-FITC and PI assays, micronucleus formation and comet assay, caspase fluorometric assay, JC-1 assay, and 2ʹ,7ʹ-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay, respectively. Our results show that UDMA induced cytotoxicity; apoptosis and necrosis; genotoxicity, which is also called DNA damage; increased caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities; mitochondrial dysfunction; and intracellular ROS generation in a concentration-dependent manner in RAW264.7 macrophages. Thus, based on the observed inhibited concentration parallel trends, we concluded that UDMA induces toxic effects in macrophages. Furthermore, UDMA-induced intracellular ROS generation, cytotoxicity, and DNA damage were reduced by N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Full article
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