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Polymers
Special Issues
Chemical Characterization of Lignocellulosic Polymers and Derived Products
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Chemical Characterization of Lignocellulosic Polymers and Derived Products

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Analysis and Characterization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 October 2023) | Viewed by 3542

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Solange Araújo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Forest Research Center (CEF), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: agroforestry wastes; biofuels; biomass residues; heat treatments; energy densification processes such as torrefaction and briquetting; fractionation and valorization of lignocellulosic biomass
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Duarte M. Neiva

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves" (CEABN) and Forest Research Center (CEF), University of Lisbon, School of Agriculture, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
Interests: wood and non-wood (bark, stumps, etc.) lignocellulosic chemical/fuel characterization and fractionation pathways within a biorefinery concept approach; full use of lignocellulosic raw materials; pulping and bleaching processes; pulp and paper characterization; pre-treatments and enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lignocellulosic biomass is the most disperse and viable material that can be used to obtain possible substitutes for fossil-fuel-derived products. This biomass is mostly composed of sugar or phenolic polymers such as cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, tannins, suberin, pectins, starch, etc. This complex matrix of very distinct polymers needs to be disentangled or deconstructed before upgrading each resulting fraction to specific end products. The desired process outcome might focus on preserving as much as possible the polymer characteristics while attempting to separate them or aim to obtain specific degradation products. Either way, to achieve viable fractionation pathways and end products it is imperative to understand the chemical composition, structure and characteristics of the polymers comprising each different lignocellulosic raw material.

The aim of this Special Issue is to be a platform for new research on the advances in the chemical characterization of lignocellulosic polymeric components, the modifications observed along biomass fractionation pathways and the characteristics imprinted in the end products.

This Special Issue welcomes full papers presenting the results of cutting-edge research on the aspects of the current trends in the area of lignocellulosic polymers.

Dr. Solange Araújo
Dr. Duarte M. Neiva
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • chemical composition
  • cellulose
  • lignin
  • hemicelluloses
  • tannin
  • suberin
  • starch
  • pectins

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 5914 KiB  
Article
A Comparative Study of the Impact of the Bleaching Method on the Production and Characterization of Cotton-Origin Nanocrystalline Cellulose by Acid and Enzymatic Hydrolysis
by Faik Bolat, Jana Ghitman, Madalina Ioana Necolau, Eugeniu Vasile and Horia Iovu
Polymers 2023, 15(16), 3446; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15163446 - 18 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1399
Abstract
Due to environmental concerns, as well as its exceptional physical and mechanical capabilities, biodegradability, and optical and barrier qualities, nanocellulose has drawn a lot of interest as a source of reinforcing materials that are nanometer sized. This article focuses on how to manufacture [...] Read more.
Due to environmental concerns, as well as its exceptional physical and mechanical capabilities, biodegradability, and optical and barrier qualities, nanocellulose has drawn a lot of interest as a source of reinforcing materials that are nanometer sized. This article focuses on how to manufacture cellulose nanomaterials from cotton by using different types of acids such as H2SO4 and HCI in different concentrations and in the presence of enzymes such as cellulase and xylanase. Two different types of bleaching methods were used before acid and enzyme hydrolysis. In the first method, cellulose was extracted by bleaching the cotton with H2O2. In the second method, NaOCl was utilized. For both methods, different concentrations of acids and enzymes were used to isolate nanocellulose materials, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) at different temperatures. All obtained nanocellulose materials were analyzed through different techniques such as FT-IR, Zeta potentials, DLS, Raman spectroscopy, TGA, DSC, XRD, and SEM. The characteristic signals related to cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were confirmed with the aid of Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. According to the XRD results, the samples’ crystallinity percentages range from 54.1% to 63.2%. The SEM image showed that long fibers break down into small fibers and needle-like features are seen on the surface of the fibers. Using different types of bleaching has no significant effect on the thermal stability of samples. The results demonstrate a successful method for synthesizing cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) from cotton through enzymatic hydrolysis, but the results also demonstrated that the choice of bleaching method has a significant impact on the hydrodynamic properties and crystallinity of both CNC and CNF samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Characterization of Lignocellulosic Polymers and Derived Products)
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12 pages, 1177 KiB  
Article
Structural Characterization of the Milled-Wood Lignin Isolated from Sweet Orange Tree (Citrus sinensis) Pruning Residue
by Mario J. Rosado, Jorge Rencoret, Ana Gutiérrez and José C. del Río
Polymers 2023, 15(8), 1840; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15081840 - 11 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1507
Abstract
The pruning of sweet orange trees (Citrus sinensis) generates large amounts of lignocellulosic residue. Orange tree pruning (OTP) residue presents a significant lignin content (21.2%). However, there are no previous studies describing the structure of the native lignin in OTPs. In [...] Read more.
The pruning of sweet orange trees (Citrus sinensis) generates large amounts of lignocellulosic residue. Orange tree pruning (OTP) residue presents a significant lignin content (21.2%). However, there are no previous studies describing the structure of the native lignin in OTPs. In the present work, the “milled-wood lignin” (MWL) was extracted from OTPs and examined in detail via gel permeation chromatography (GPC), pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR). The results indicated that the OTP-MWL was mainly composed of guaiacyl (G) units, followed by syringyl (S) units and minor amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units (H:G:S composition of 1:62:37). The predominance of G-units had a strong influence on the abundance of the different linkages; therefore, although the most abundant linkages were β–O–4′ alkyl–aryl ethers (70% of total lignin linkages), the lignin also contained significant amounts of phenylcoumarans (15%) and resinols (9%), as well as other condensed linkages such as dibenzodioxocins (3%) and spirodienones (3%). The significant content of condensed linkages will make this lignocellulosic residue more recalcitrant to delignification than other hardwoods with lower content of these linkages. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Characterization of Lignocellulosic Polymers and Derived Products)
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