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Polymers
Special Issues
Functional Self-Healing Materials
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Functional Self-Healing Materials

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 May 2023) | Viewed by 9632

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Xianfeng Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
Interests: mortar; silicic acid; calcium silicate; concrete construction; carbonation; self-healing concrete
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Biqin Dong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
Interests: functional building materials; smart building materials; sustainable building materials; durability of concrete
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jun Ren

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Architecture and Planning, Yunnan University, Kunming 650106, China
Interests: self-healing cementitious materials; chemical admixture; alkali-activated cement; utilisation of solid waste
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues

Material degradation occurs everywhere in our daily life. The combination of environment and load causes deterioration of materials and structures. Though there have been a number of renovation methods for repairing the damaged materials and structures. Traditional renovation technology needs periodical maintenance, It is a post renovation, passive mode and could result in a high cost. In contrast, in nature, damage can usually be self-healed. Thus, structures that mimic nature and self-healing could be of great interest and has attracted more and more researchers’ attention. Self-healing technology has been proposed and developed recently. This Special Issue aims to highlight various aspects of self-healing materials, which include novel schemes, physical and chemical properties, evaluation, and future applications. We look forward to your exciting contributions.

Prof. Dr. Xianfeng Wang
Prof. Dr. Biqin Dong
Dr. Jun Ren
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • self-healing
  • microcapsule
  • durability
  • crack
  • mechanical

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 4005 KiB  
Article
A Water-Resistant, Self-Healing Encapsulation Layer for a Stable, Implantable Wireless Antenna
by Soojung An, Hyunsang Lyu, Duhwan Seong, Hyun Yoon, In Soo Kim, Hyojin Lee, Mikyung Shin, Keum Cheol Hwang and Donghee Son
Polymers 2023, 15(16), 3391; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15163391 - 13 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1228
Abstract
Polymers for implantable devices are desirable for biomedical engineering applications. This study introduces a water-resistant, self-healing fluoroelastomer (SHFE) as an encapsulation material for antennas. The SHFE exhibits a tissue-like modulus (approximately 0.4 MPa), stretchability (at least 450%, even after self-healing in an underwater [...] Read more.
Polymers for implantable devices are desirable for biomedical engineering applications. This study introduces a water-resistant, self-healing fluoroelastomer (SHFE) as an encapsulation material for antennas. The SHFE exhibits a tissue-like modulus (approximately 0.4 MPa), stretchability (at least 450%, even after self-healing in an underwater environment), self-healability, and water resistance (WVTR result: 17.8610 g m−2 day−1). Further, the SHFE is self-healing in underwater environments via dipole–dipole interactions, such that devices can be protected from the penetration of biofluids and withstand external damage. With the combination of the SHFE and antennas designed to operate inside the body, we fabricated implantable, wireless antennas that can transmit information from inside the body to a reader coil that is outside. For antennas designed considering the dielectric constant, the uniformity of the encapsulation layer is crucial. A uniform and homogeneous interface is formed by simply overlapping two films. This study demonstrated the possibility of wireless communication in vivo through experiments on rodents for 4 weeks, maintaining the maximum communication distance (15 mm) without chemical or physical deformation in the SHFE layer. This study illustrates the applicability of fluoroelastomers in vivo and is expected to contribute to realizing the stable operation of high-performance implantable devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Self-Healing Materials)
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12 pages, 5303 KiB  
Article
Microstructure and Self-Healing Capability of Artificial Skin Composites Using Biomimetic Fibers Containing a Healing Agent
by Qian Sun, Xu Gao, Sai Wang, Rong-Yue Shao, Xin-Yu Wang and Jun-Feng Su
Polymers 2023, 15(1), 190; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15010190 - 30 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1532
Abstract
The aging and damage of artificial skin materials for artificial intelligence robots are technical problems that need to be solved urgently in their application. In this work, poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) fibers containing a liquid agent were fabricated directly as biomimetic microvasculars, which [...] Read more.
The aging and damage of artificial skin materials for artificial intelligence robots are technical problems that need to be solved urgently in their application. In this work, poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) fibers containing a liquid agent were fabricated directly as biomimetic microvasculars, which were mixed in a glycol–polyvinyl alcohol–gelatin network gel to form biomimetic self-healing artificial skin composites. The self-healing agent was a uniform-viscous buffer solution composed of phosphoric acid, acetic acid, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), which was mixed under 40 °C. Microstructure analysis showed that the fiber surface was smooth and the diameter was uniform. SEM images of the fiber cross-sections showed that there were uniformly distributed voids. With the extension of time, there was no phenomenon of interface separation after the liquid agent diffused into the matrix through the fiber cavity. The entire process of self-healing was observed and determined including fiber breakage and the agent diffusion steps. XRD and FT–IR results indicated that the self-healing agent could enter the matrix material through fiber damage or release and it chemically reacted with the matrix material, thereby changing the chemical structure of the damaged matrix. Self-healing behavior analysis of the artificial skin indicated that its self-healing efficiency increased to an impressive 97.0% with the increase in temperature to 45 °C. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Self-Healing Materials)
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29 pages, 8586 KiB  
Article
Performance-Based Evaluation of Healing Efficiency on Mechanical Properties of Self-Healing Cementitious Materials Incorporated with PMMA/Epoxy Microcapsule
by Jun Ren, Birunxuan Liu, Hao Li, Ji Zhang, Haiyan Zhu, Meilin Xiao, Guojian Liu and Shuqiong Luo
Polymers 2022, 14(12), 2497; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14122497 - 19 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1882
Abstract
In this study, based upon the investigation of its effect on workability and the mechanical property of cementitious materials, the Box–Behnken design was adopted to establish models describing self-healing performance on mechanical properties of cementitious materials with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/epoxy microcapsule in terms of [...] Read more.
In this study, based upon the investigation of its effect on workability and the mechanical property of cementitious materials, the Box–Behnken design was adopted to establish models describing self-healing performance on mechanical properties of cementitious materials with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/epoxy microcapsule in terms of healing rate of peak strength (Y1), the recovery rate of peak strength (Y2), the healing rate of Young’s modulus (Y3), the recovery rate of Young’s modulus (Y4), the healing rate of peak strain (Y5), and recovery rate of peak strain (Y6). This was performed under the influence of the four factors, including microcapsule size (X1), microcapsule content (X2), pre-loading (X3), and curing age (X4). The results showed the four factors significantly affect the healing rate and recovery rate of the peak strength, Young’s modulus, and peak strain, except the healing rate on peak strain. Moreover, the interaction between the factors showed some influence as well. The numerically optimised values of X1, X2, X3, and X4 are 203 nm, 5.59%, 43.56%, and 21 days, respectively, and the self-healing cementitious materials with desirable mechanical characteristics (Y1 63.67%, Y2 145.22%, Y3 40.34%, Y4 132.22%, Y5 27.66%, and Y6 133.84%) with the highest desirability of 0.9050 were obtained. Moreover, the porosity of the specimen confirmed the healing performance of PMMA/epoxy microcapsules in cementitious materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Self-Healing Materials)
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12 pages, 4240 KiB  
Article
Repeatable Self-Healing of a Protective Coating Based on Vegetable-Oil-Loaded Microcapsules
by Young-Kyu Song, Hyun-Woo Kim and Chan-Moon Chung
Polymers 2022, 14(10), 2013; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14102013 - 15 May 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1856
Abstract
Generally, microcapsule-based self-healing materials have the limitation of single local self-healing. A few studies have reported repeatable self-healing in these microcapsular materials, but there is a challenge to develop multi-cycle self-healing materials that have the advantages of easier preparation and a more efficient [...] Read more.
Generally, microcapsule-based self-healing materials have the limitation of single local self-healing. A few studies have reported repeatable self-healing in these microcapsular materials, but there is a challenge to develop multi-cycle self-healing materials that have the advantages of easier preparation and a more efficient operation. In this work, a mixture of two vegetable oils, soybean and olive oil, was used as a healing agent. The atmospheric oxygen-induced reaction behavior (in the presence of a catalyst) was investigated for various compositions of the vegetable oil mixtures; infrared spectroscopy, recovery testing, and viscoelasticity measurement were performed to find an optimum composition of the healing agent. Microcapsules loaded with soybean oil and catalyst-containing olive oil were separately prepared and used to prepare a dual-capsule self-healing coating. It was demonstrated through optical and scanning electron microscopy that, upon scribing the self-healing coating, the vegetable oils flowed out from microcapsules to self-heal the damaged area. When the healed area of the self-healing coating was re-scribed, self-healing was repeated, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and anticorrosion and electrochemical testing. Our new repeatable self-healing coating provides the merits of easy preparation, no need for external intervention such as light irradiation, and an environmentally-friendly nature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Self-Healing Materials)
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16 pages, 10096 KiB  
Article
Molecular Simulation Study on Mechanical Properties of Microcapsule-Based Self-Healing Cementitious Materials
by Xianfeng Wang, Wei Xie, Long-yuan Li, Jihua Zhu and Feng Xing
Polymers 2022, 14(3), 611; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14030611 - 04 Feb 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2408
Abstract
Microcapsule-based self-healing concrete can effectively repair micro-cracks in concrete and improve the strength and durability of concrete structures. In this paper, in order to study the effect of epoxy resin on the cement matrix at a microscopic level, molecular dynamics were used to [...] Read more.
Microcapsule-based self-healing concrete can effectively repair micro-cracks in concrete and improve the strength and durability of concrete structures. In this paper, in order to study the effect of epoxy resin on the cement matrix at a microscopic level, molecular dynamics were used to simulate the mechanical and interfacial properties of microcapsule-based self-healing concrete in which uniaxial tension was carried out along the z-axis. The radial distribution function, interface binding energy, and hydrogen bonding of the composite were investigated. The results show that the epoxy resin/C-S-H composite has the maximum stress strength when TEPA is used as the curing agent. Furthermore, the interface binding energy between epoxy resin and cement matrix increases with increasing strain before the stress reaches its peak value. The cured epoxy resin can enhance both the interfacial adhesion and the ductility of the composite, which can meet the needs of crack repair of microcapsule-based self-healing cementitious materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Self-Healing Materials)
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