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Polymers
Special Issues
Biopolymer-Based Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine Applications
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Biopolymer-Based Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine Applications

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomacromolecules, Biobased and Biodegradable Polymers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2022) | Viewed by 9660

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Katarzyna Klimek

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Guest Editor
Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
Interests: cell culture; cell-biomaterial interactions; biocompatibility; hydrogels; polymers; tissue engineering; regenerative medicine; scaffolds
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Grazyna Ginalska

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Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
Interests: biocompatible biomaterials; dental and orthopedics implants; inorganic/organic scaffolds; tissue engineering; regenerative medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

The main role of scaffolds in regenerative medicine applications is to support cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Thus, such biomaterials should possess biological properties, a structure, and a composition that mimic those of the native extracellular matrix (ECM). Biopolymer-based scaffolds meet most of these requirements and, as a consequence, they have attracted a great deal of attention in the field of tissue engineering. The group of natural biopolymers includes proteins, peptides (e.g., collagen, gelatin, silk, elastin, fibronectin, adhesive peptides, and self-assembled proteins and peptides), and polysaccharides, such as alginate, agarose, chitosan, cellulose, curdlan, and hyaluronic acid. Poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxialcanoates (PHAs), and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) are most often used as synthetic biopolymers. It is worth noting that natural and synthetic biopolymers may be used either alone or in combination.

The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight recent advances in the field of regenerative medicine, with particular emphasis on scaffolds consisting of natural and synthetic biopolymers. All articles (original research papers and reviews) are welcome for this Special Issue.

Submitted manuscripts should be primarily (but not only) concerned with:
- biocompatible scaffolds consisting of novel natural as well as synthetic biopolymers;
- biocompatible scaffolds consisting of known natural as well as synthetic biopolymers; or
- new medicinal applications of biopolymer-based scaffolds.

We will mainly promote articles that present a complex description, involve new methods for the fabrication, or evaluate the structural, biological, mechanical, and physicochemical properties of scaffolds containing either natural or synthetic biopolymers for regenerative medicine applications.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 7987 KiB  
Article
Culturing and Scaling up Stem Cells of Dental Pulp Origin Using Microcarriers
by Anna Földes, Hajnalka Reider, Anita Varga, Krisztina S. Nagy, Katalin Perczel-Kovach, Katalin Kis-Petik, Pamela DenBesten, András Ballagi and Gábor Varga
Polymers 2021, 13(22), 3951; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13223951 - 15 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2792
Abstract
Ectomesenchymal stem cells derived from the dental pulp are of neural crest origin, and as such are promising sources for cell therapy and tissue engineering. For safe upscaling of these cells, microcarrier-based culturing under dynamic conditions is a promising technology. We tested the [...] Read more.
Ectomesenchymal stem cells derived from the dental pulp are of neural crest origin, and as such are promising sources for cell therapy and tissue engineering. For safe upscaling of these cells, microcarrier-based culturing under dynamic conditions is a promising technology. We tested the suitability of two microcarriers, non-porous Cytodex 1 and porous Cytopore 2, for culturing well characterized dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) using a shake flask system. Human DPSCs were cultured on these microcarriers in 96-well plates, and further expanded in shake flasks for upscaling experiments. Cell viability was measured using the alamarBlue assay, while cell morphology was observed by conventional and two-photon microscopies. Glucose consumption of cells was detected by the glucose oxidase/Clark-electrode method. DPSCs adhered to and grew well on both microcarrier surfaces and were also found in the pores of the Cytopore 2. Cells grown in tissue culture plates (static, non-shaking conditions) yielded 7 × 105 cells/well. In shake flasks, static preincubation promoted cell adhesion to the microcarriers. Under dynamic culture conditions (shaking) 3 × 107 cells were obtained in shake flasks. The DPSCs exhausted their glucose supply from the medium by day seven even with partial batch-feeding. In conclusion, both non-porous and porous microcarriers are suitable for upscaling ectomesenchymal DPSCs under dynamic culture conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biopolymer-Based Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine Applications)
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12 pages, 36044 KiB  
Article
Development of Gelatin-Coated Microspheres for Novel Bioink Design
by Muskan Kanungo, Yale Wang, Noah Hutchinson, Emma Kroll, Anna DeBruine, Subha Kumpaty, Lixia Ren, Yuelin Wu, Xiaolin Hua and Wujie Zhang
Polymers 2021, 13(19), 3339; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13193339 - 29 Sep 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3157
Abstract
A major challenge in tissue engineering is the formation of vasculature in tissue and organs. Recent studies have shown that positively charged microspheres promote vascularization, while also supporting the controlled release of bioactive molecules. This study investigated the development of gelatin-coated pectin microspheres [...] Read more.
A major challenge in tissue engineering is the formation of vasculature in tissue and organs. Recent studies have shown that positively charged microspheres promote vascularization, while also supporting the controlled release of bioactive molecules. This study investigated the development of gelatin-coated pectin microspheres for incorporation into a novel bioink. Electrospray was used to produce the microspheres. The process was optimized using Design-Expert® software. Microspheres underwent gelatin coating and EDC catalysis modifications. The results showed that the concentration of pectin solution impacted roundness and uniformity primarily, while flow rate affected size most significantly. The optimal gelatin concentration for microsphere coating was determined to be 0.75%, and gelatin coating led to a positively charged surface. When incorporated into bioink, the microspheres did not significantly alter viscosity, and they distributed evenly in bioink. These microspheres show great promise for incorporation into bioink for tissue engineering applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biopolymer-Based Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine Applications)
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Review

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25 pages, 2893 KiB  
Review
Main Morphological Characteristics of Tubular Polymeric Scaffolds to Promote Peripheral Nerve Regeneration—A Scoping Review
by Josefa Alarcón Apablaza, María Florencia Lezcano, Alex Lopez Marquez, Karina Godoy Sánchez, Gonzalo H. Oporto and Fernando José Dias
Polymers 2021, 13(15), 2563; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13152563 - 31 Jul 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2574
Abstract
The “nerve guide conduits” (NGC) used in nerve regeneration must mimic the natural environment for proper cell behavior. Objective: To describe the main morphological characteristics of polymeric NGC to promote nerve regeneration. Methods: A scoping review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items [...] Read more.
The “nerve guide conduits” (NGC) used in nerve regeneration must mimic the natural environment for proper cell behavior. Objective: To describe the main morphological characteristics of polymeric NGC to promote nerve regeneration. Methods: A scoping review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) criteria in the PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) databases. Primary studies that considered/evaluated morphological characteristics of NGC to promote nerve regeneration were included. Result: A total of 704 studies were found, of which 52 were selected. The NGC main morphological characteristics found in the literature were: (I) NGC diameter affects the mechanical properties of the scaffold. (II) Wall thickness of NGC determines the exchange of nutrients, molecules, and neurotrophins between the internal and external environment; and influences the mechanical properties and biodegradation, similarly to NGC (III) porosity, (IV) pore size, and (V) pore distribution. The (VI) alignment of the NGC fibers influences the phenotype of cells involved in nerve regeneration. In addition, the (VII) thickness of the polymeric fiber influences neurite extension and orientation. Conclusions: An NGC should have its diameter adjusted to the nerve with wall thickness, porosity, pore size, and distribution of pores, to favor vascularization, permeability, and exchange of nutrients, and retention of neurotrophic factors, also favoring its mechanical properties and biodegradability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biopolymer-Based Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine Applications)
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