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Effects of Viticultural Practices and Edaphoclimatic Conditions on Grape and...
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Effects of Viticultural Practices and Edaphoclimatic Conditions on Grape and Wine Quality

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Crop Physiology and Crop Production".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 July 2023) | Viewed by 12840

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba 8580000, Chile
Interests: amino acids; berry quality; edaphoclimatic conditions; phenolic compounds: terroir; viticultural practices; volatile compounds
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mar Vilanova de la Torre

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of grape and wine science (ICVV-CSIC) Finca la Grajera,Burgos road km 6, 26080 logrono, la Rioja, Spain
Interests: grape and wine quality; volatile composition; sensory analysis; abiotic stress effect on grape quality; sustainable viticulture
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Nicolás Verdugo-Vásquez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centro de Investigación Intihuasi, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Colina San Joaquín s/n, La Serena 1700000, Chile
Interests: grapevine phenology; precision viticulture; climate change; viticultural practices
Dr. Karine Pedneault

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Département des sciences naturelles, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC J0V 1V0, Canada
Interests: northern viticulture; abiotic stress in perennial plants; resistant Vitis varieties; metabolomics; organic viticulture; climate change

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Viticulture represents a relevant sector in the economy of the OIV’s Member states and of emerging countries. Global warming has provoked a series of changes at the productive level, opening possibilities for the study of adaptative strategies and for the development of viticulture in new agricultural regions. 

Variations in temperature, relative humidity, water availability, and UV radiation, among others, may affect vine physiology, productivity, berry quality, and wine typicity. Viticultural practices and edaphoclimatic conditions affect grape and wine quality, and their understanding may provide us valuable information for vineyard management and to define harvesting time.

This Special Issue is opened to a wide range of manuscripts that evaluate the effects of viticultural strategies and edaphoclimatic conditions on vine physiology, berry quality, and wine typicity. Manuscripts covering different topics such as abiotic and biotic stress, vine phenology, bioclimatic indices, selection of vineyard, planting material, training systems, crop thinning, shoot trimming, leaf removal, canopy management, irrigation, plant hormones, and foliar fertilization, among others, are highly invited.

Dr. Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa
Dr. Mar Vilanova de la Torre
Dr. Nicolás Verdugo-Vásquez
Dr. Karine Pedneault
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • berry quality
  • climate change adaptation
  • cold climate viticulture
  • edaphoclimatic conditions
  • precision viticulture
  • subtropical viticulture
  • table grape production
  • viticultural practices
  • wine typicity
  • terroir

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2563 KiB  
Article
Evolution of Physicochemical Properties and Phenolic Maturity of Vilana, Vidiano, Kotsifali and Mandilari Wine Grape Cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) during Ripening
by Emmanouil Kontaxakis, Achilleas Atzemopoulos, Eleftherios Alissandrakis, Filippos Ververidis and Emmanouil Trantas
Plants 2022, 11(24), 3547; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11243547 - 15 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1095
Abstract
Determining the optimum harvest time is a significant factor affecting the quality of the grapes and the wine. Monitoring the evolution of grapes’ physicochemical properties and phenolic maturity during ripening could be a valuable tool for determining the optimum harvest time. In this [...] Read more.
Determining the optimum harvest time is a significant factor affecting the quality of the grapes and the wine. Monitoring the evolution of grapes’ physicochemical properties and phenolic maturity during ripening could be a valuable tool for determining the optimum harvest time. In this study, the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, flavonols, flavanols, anthocyanins and resveratrol content were determined during the last weeks of ripening for the white cultivars Vilana and Vidiano, as well as for the red cultivars Kotsifali and Mandilari (Vitis vinifera L.). According to the results, an early harvest for the white cultivars and a late harvest for the red cultivars may increase the total phenolics and trans-resveratrol content in grapes and wine. An early harvest would be desirable to maintain high flavanols content and high levels of antioxidant activity in the grapes’ skin and seeds. Conversely, a late harvest for the red cultivars may be desirable to increase the total flavonols and anthocyanin content in grapes and wines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Viticultural Practices and Edaphoclimatic Conditions on Grape and Wine Quality)
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9 pages, 1050 KiB  
Communication
Leaf Removal at Véraison and Foliar K+ Application to Beibinghong Vines Improved Berry Quality under Cold-Climate Conditions
by Zhao Le, Wei Zheng, Mengde Dong, Ming Cai, Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa and Baoshan Sun
Plants 2022, 11(18), 2361; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11182361 - 09 Sep 2022
Viewed by 1117
Abstract
(1) Background: Beibinghong is a grapevine variety that is well distributed in Northeastern China due to its adaptation to extreme cold conditions and vine diseases. Nonetheless, Beibinghong wines are extremely acidic and rich in phenolic compounds. The aim of this research was to [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Beibinghong is a grapevine variety that is well distributed in Northeastern China due to its adaptation to extreme cold conditions and vine diseases. Nonetheless, Beibinghong wines are extremely acidic and rich in phenolic compounds. The aim of this research was to study the effects of leaf removal at véraison and foliar K+ applications on Beibinghong vines to reduce the acidity and increase their polyphenol content. (2) Methods: Beibinghong berries were harvested when they reached close to 20 °Brix, and the physicochemical parameters were determined. (3) Results: Leaf removal at véraison plus K+ foliar applications to Beibinghong vines decreased the titratable acidity and increased the total phenolic and phenolic acid contents compared with the control. Moreover, the titratable acidity in the Beibinghong berries was negatively related to their total contents of phenols, proanthocyanidins, and anthocyanins. (4) Conclusions: Leaf removal at véraison performed with foliar K+ applications to vines could be an interesting alternative for Beibinghong production under cold-climate viticulture because it allows for a decrease in the acidity and an increase in the phenolic content of the berries, without incurring the risk of sunburn. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Viticultural Practices and Edaphoclimatic Conditions on Grape and Wine Quality)
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14 pages, 474 KiB  
Article
Study of Volatile Organic Compounds of Two Table Grapes (cv. Italia and Bronx Seedless) along Ripening in Vines Established in the Aegean Region (Turkey)
by Ozkan Kaya, Melek Incesu, Fadime Ates, Nurhan Keskin, Nicolás Verdugo-Vásquez and Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa
Plants 2022, 11(15), 1935; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11151935 - 26 Jul 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1315
Abstract
(1) Background: Italia is a seeded grape variety widely cultivated in the Aegean Region in Turkey, whereas Bronx Seedless is a seedless grape variety, preferred by consumers due to its pink berries and interesting flavor. The goal was to study the volatile compounds [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Italia is a seeded grape variety widely cultivated in the Aegean Region in Turkey, whereas Bronx Seedless is a seedless grape variety, preferred by consumers due to its pink berries and interesting flavor. The goal was to study the volatile compounds of these table grapes throughout berry ripeness. (2) Methods: The volatile compounds were analyzed by GC-MS in six different phenological stages (3) Results: Bronx Seedless grapes presented a higher content of seven terpenes, three aldehydes, one fatty acid, three alcohols, one C6 compound, total aldehydes and total alcohols, and a lower content of eleven terpenes, one fatty acid, four esters, one alcohol, four C6 compounds and its total content than Italia table grapes. The concentration of most of the volatile compounds analyzed increased from “begin of berry touch” to “berries ripe for harvest” stages. Terpenes content in both varieties at harvest was lower than 1.0 mg L−1. β-ionone presented the highest odor activity value (OAV) in both varieties. Bronx Seedless grapes presented higher OAV for (Z)-3-hexenal and cedrol, and lower hexanal to (E)-2-hexenal ratio than Italia grapes. (4) Conclusions: Both varieties could be classified as neutral aromatical varieties and it is probable that to achieve a better aromatic quality, Bronx Seedless should be harvested later than Italia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Viticultural Practices and Edaphoclimatic Conditions on Grape and Wine Quality)
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18 pages, 2780 KiB  
Article
Impact of Deficit Irrigation on Grapevine cv. ‘Touriga Nacional’ during Three Seasons in Douro Region: An Agronomical and Metabolomics Approach
by Inês L. Cabral, António Teixeira, Arnaud Lanoue, Marianne Unlubayir, Thibaut Munsch, Joana Valente, Fernando Alves, Pedro Leal da Costa, Frank S. Rogerson, Susana M. P. Carvalho, Hernâni Gerós and Jorge Queiroz
Plants 2022, 11(6), 732; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11060732 - 09 Mar 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2701
Abstract
The introduction of irrigation in vineyards of the Mediterranean basin is a matter of debate, in particular in those of the Douro Demarcated Region (DDR), due to the limited number of available studies. Here, we aimed to perform a robust analysis in three [...] Read more.
The introduction of irrigation in vineyards of the Mediterranean basin is a matter of debate, in particular in those of the Douro Demarcated Region (DDR), due to the limited number of available studies. Here, we aimed to perform a robust analysis in three consecutive vintages (2018, 2019, and 2020) on the impact of deficit irrigation on the yield, berry quality traits, and metabolome of cv. ‘Touriga Nacional’. Results showed that in the peaks of extreme drought, irrigation at 30% crop evapotranspiration (ETc) (R30) was able to prevent a decay of up to 0.4 MPa of leaf predawn water potential (ΨPd), but irrigation at 70% ETc (R70) did not translate into additional protection against drought stress. Following three seasons of irrigation, the yield was significantly improved in vines irrigated at R30, whereas irrigation at R70 positively affected the yield only in the 2020 season. Berry quality traits at harvest were not significantly changed by irrigation, except for Total Soluble Solids (TSS) in 2018. A UPLC–MS-based targeted metabolomic analysis identified eight classes of compounds, amino acids, phenolic acids, stilbenoid DP1, stilbenoid DP2, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, di-OH- and tri-OH anthocyanins, and showed that anthocyanins and phenolic acids did not change significantly with irrigation. The present study showed that deficit irrigation partially mitigated the severe summer water deficit conditions in the DDR but did not significantly change key metabolites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Viticultural Practices and Edaphoclimatic Conditions on Grape and Wine Quality)
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17 pages, 919 KiB  
Article
Effect of Early Basal Leaf Removal on Phenolic and Volatile Composition and Sensory Properties of Aglianico Red Wines
by Debora Iorio, Giuseppe Gambacorta, Luigi Tarricone, Mar Vilanova and Vito Michele Paradiso
Plants 2022, 11(5), 591; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11050591 - 22 Feb 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1560
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the influence of early basal leaf removal on Aglianico wines produced in the Apulia region (Italy). Three treatments were carried out, where 100% of fruit-zone leaves on the north (DN), south (DS) and on both [...] Read more.
The aim of this work was to study the influence of early basal leaf removal on Aglianico wines produced in the Apulia region (Italy). Three treatments were carried out, where 100% of fruit-zone leaves on the north (DN), south (DS) and on both sides of the canopy (DNS) were removed. A control (CT), where all basal leaves were retained, was also performed. Instrumental (HPLC-DAD-MS and GC-MS) and sensory analysis (QDA) were used to evaluate the treatment effect on the phenolic and volatile compositions and on the sensory descriptors of wines. DNS reached the highest amounts of phenolic compounds, showing a change in the phenolic pattern from flavonols and anthocyanins. Moreover, leaf removal influenced the levels of 37.8% of volatile compounds, quantified by increasing the concentration when early leaf removal was applied on the north side of the canopy (DN), with respect to the south (DS) and both sides (DNS). In the sensory analysis, Aglianico wines were defined by 16 sensory attributes with GM > 30%, where the highest values were reached for defoliation treatments vs. control. In conclusion, early leaf removal treatments allowed us to modulate the phenolic and volatile concentrations of Aglianico wines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Viticultural Practices and Edaphoclimatic Conditions on Grape and Wine Quality)
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12 pages, 686 KiB  
Article
Drying Grapes after the Application of Different Dipping Solutions: Effects on Hormones, Minerals, Vitamins, and Antioxidant Enzymes in Gök Üzüm (Vitis vinifera L.) Raisins
by Nurhan Keskin, Ozkan Kaya, Fadime Ates, Metin Turan and Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa
Plants 2022, 11(4), 529; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11040529 - 16 Feb 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3637
Abstract
(1) Background: Raisins contain a wide range of hormones, minerals, vitamins, and antioxidant enzymes that may contribute to the health benefits of consumers. (2) Methods: The aim of this research was to compare the hormone, mineral, vitamin, and antioxidant capacities of Gök Üzüm [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Raisins contain a wide range of hormones, minerals, vitamins, and antioxidant enzymes that may contribute to the health benefits of consumers. (2) Methods: The aim of this research was to compare the hormone, mineral, vitamin, and antioxidant capacities of Gök Üzüm (Vitis vinifera L.) raisins immersed in oak ash (OA) and potassium carbonate (PC) dipping solutions before drying. (3) Results: Abscisic acid (ABA) (5751.18–11,868.40 ng g−1) and riboflavin (95.17–135.54 mg 100 g−1) were the most abundant hormone and vitamin quantified in Gök Üzüm raisins. Glutathione S-transferase (540.07–744.85 EU gr berry−1), 6-glucose phosphate dehydrogenase (214.50–317.43 EU gr berry−1), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (208.25–241.86 EU gr berry−1) enzymes presented the highest antioxidant activity in the samples. Raisins obtained after drying by immersion in OA presented higher indol-3-acetic acid (IAA), ABA, salicylic acid (SA), cytokinins (CK), and zeatin contents; glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), 6 glucose phosphate dehydrogenase (6GPD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic activity; vitamin B1, B2, B6, C, and A contents; and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), manganese (Mn), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), potassium (K), iron (Fe), sodium (Na), and magnesium (Mg) levels compared to the grapes dried after PC applications. (4) Conclusions: Drying Gök Üzüm grapes after the application of OA dipping solution promotes a higher content of hormones, minerals, vitamins, and antioxidant enzymes compared to PC treatments. These results could help raisin producers to make decisions when using a dipping solution to dry grapes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Viticultural Practices and Edaphoclimatic Conditions on Grape and Wine Quality)
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