Evolution of Specialized Metabolism in Plants

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Physiology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 12075

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Institute of Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstr 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
Interests: specialized metabolism; plant genomics; applied bioinformatics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plants produce a plethora of specialized metabolites. Protection against abiotic stresses like radiation, heat, cold, and drought are just some of the functions of these products. Many specialized metabolites are involved in protection against herbivores or pathogens. Other metabolites are required to attract pollinators or seed dispersers. It is fascinating to see how the produced metabolites can differ between closely related species or even between cultivars of the same species. An investigation into the underlying evolutionary patterns of these substances will help us to understand the molecular mechanisms behind them. Enzyme promiscuity could be an important basis for the evolution of highly specialized enzymes. The regulation of enzyme encoding genes is even more dynamic than the enzymes’ functions. Therefore, it is particularly exciting to reveal the mechanisms that allow for ‘fast’ evolutionary changes. Investigations might target entire gene families. Examples of famous groups of specialized metabolites are flavonoids, terpenoids, and betalains. Several transcription factor families are known to be involved in the regulation of specialized metabolism. Examples are MYBs, bHLHs, WRKYs, and NACs. Studies focused on enzymes or transcriptional regulators of specialized metabolism will be considered for publication in this Special Issue. This includes bioinformatic projects that reveal novel insights and provide the basis for future discoveries.

Dr. Boas Pucker
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • flavonoids
  • anthocyanins
  • flavonols
  • betalains
  • MYB
  • bHLH
  • WRKY
  • NAC

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

21 pages, 1416 KiB  
Review
Biochemistry and Molecular Basis of Intracellular Flavonoid Transport in Plants
by Boas Pucker and Dirk Selmar
Plants 2022, 11(7), 963; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11070963 - 01 Apr 2022
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 11523
Abstract
Flavonoids are a biochemically diverse group of specialized metabolites in plants that are derived from phenylalanine. While the biosynthesis of the flavonoid aglycone is highly conserved across species and well characterized, numerous species-specific decoration steps and their relevance remained largely unexplored. The flavonoid [...] Read more.
Flavonoids are a biochemically diverse group of specialized metabolites in plants that are derived from phenylalanine. While the biosynthesis of the flavonoid aglycone is highly conserved across species and well characterized, numerous species-specific decoration steps and their relevance remained largely unexplored. The flavonoid biosynthesis takes place at the cytosolic side of the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER), but accumulation of various flavonoids was observed in the central vacuole. A universal explanation for the subcellular transport of flavonoids has eluded researchers for decades. Current knowledge suggests that a glutathione S-transferase-like protein (ligandin) protects anthocyanins and potentially proanthocyanidin precursors during the transport to the central vacuole. ABCC transporters and to a lower extend MATE transporters sequester anthocyanins into the vacuole. Glycosides of specific proanthocyanidin precursors are sequestered through MATE transporters. A P-ATPase in the tonoplast and potentially other proteins generate the proton gradient that is required for the MATE-mediated antiport. Vesicle-mediated transport of flavonoids from the ER to the vacuole is considered as an alternative or additional route. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evolution of Specialized Metabolism in Plants)
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