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Effects of Smoke on Plant Biology and Ecology
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Effects of Smoke on Plant Biology and Ecology

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Physiology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 June 2023) | Viewed by 5508

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Renata Bączek-Kwinta

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Plant Physiology, Breeding and Seed Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, ul. Podluzna 3, 30-239 Cracow, Poland
Interests: crop physiology;seed germination;photosynthetic performance;abiotic stress;invasive plants;phytohormones

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since the late 1980’s, smoke-derived compounds have been a hot topic in plant and crop physiology. The aim of this Special Issue of Plants is to gather the state-of-the-art research and opinions towards their mode of action, as well as ecological and practical implications and applications.

It is already known that the impact of smoke compounds, mostly butenolides, on plants is closely linked to some phytohormones. A specific cellular response leads to the expression of specific genes, leading to a particular developmental feature (or a set of features).

However, the plant response varies within the species, even cultivars, and is influenced by plant growth pattern and developmental stage, butenolide concentrations, soil composition and microbiota, and other environmental factors.

For the same reason, while regarding practical implications, the final results of smoke-derived technologies can sometimes be unpredictable or even undesirable. This depends on whether a particular synthetic butenolide or a mixture of butenolides, in the form of directly obtained plant-derived smoke or its formulation, is used.

Last but not least, smoke-derived compounds emitted during accidental swailing, prescribed burning, or specifically formulated smokes can affect crops, trees, and natural plant communities differently.

Considering all these circumstances, we invite you to share your high-quality relevant scientific results and opinions on the role of smoke-derived compounds in plants’ lives, in terms of both pure research and practice. We hope that our Special Issue will bring both new valuable original data and up-to-date viewpoints on the subject.

Prof. Dr. Renata Bączek-Kwinta
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • plant butenolides
  • karrikins
  • phytohormones
  • seed germination
  • plant ecology
  • crop physiology
  • plant development
  • swailing
  • vegetation restoration
  • tree physiology

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2232 KiB  
Article
Plant-Derived Smoke Mitigates the Inhibitory Effects of the Auxin Inhibitor 2,3,5-Triiodo Benzoic Acid (TIBA) by Enhancing Root Architecture and Biochemical Parameters in Maize
by Gulfan Ullah, Muhammad Ibrahim, Ghazala Nawaz, Amana Khatoon, Muhammad Jamil, Shafiq Ur Rehman, Essam A. Ali and Akash Tariq
Plants 2023, 12(14), 2604; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12142604 - 10 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 922
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate and compare the effects of plant-derived smoke (PDS) and auxin (IAA and IBA) on maize growth under the application of 2,3,5-triiodo benzoic acid (TIBA). For this purpose, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), each at [...] Read more.
The present study was designed to investigate and compare the effects of plant-derived smoke (PDS) and auxin (IAA and IBA) on maize growth under the application of 2,3,5-triiodo benzoic acid (TIBA). For this purpose, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), each at a concentration of 10 ppm, along with PDS at a ratio of 1:500 (v/v) were used alone and in combination with 10 ppm of TIBA. The results indicate that the germination percentage (%) of maize seeds was enhanced under IAA, IBA and PDS treatment. However, IAA and IBA resulted in reduced germination when applied in combination with TIBA. Importantly, the germination percentage (%) was improved by PDS under TIBA treatment. The analysis of seedling height, length of leaves, and number of primary, seminal and secondary/lateral roots showed improvement under individual treatments of IAA and IBA, PDS and PDS + TIBA treatment, while these values were reduced under IAA + TIBA and IBA + TIBA application. Chlorophyll content, total soluble sugars and antioxidative enzymatic activity including POD and SOD increased in seedlings treated with PDS alone or both PDS and TIBA, while in seedlings treated with IAA and TIBA or IBA and TIBA, their levels were decreased. APX and CAT responded in the opposite way—under IAA, IBA and PDS treatment, their levels were found to be lower than the control (simple water treatment), while TIBA treatment with either IAA, IBA or PDS enhanced their levels as compared to the control. These results reveal that PDS has the potential to alleviate the inhibitory effects of TIBA. This study highlights the role of PDS in preventing TIBA from blocking the auxin entry sites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Smoke on Plant Biology and Ecology)
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Review

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16 pages, 672 KiB  
Review
The Impact of Post-Fire Smoke on Plant Communities: A Global Approach
by Mahboube Zahed and Renata Bączek-Kwinta
Plants 2023, 12(22), 3835; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12223835 - 13 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1255
Abstract
Smoke is one of the fire-related cues that can alter vegetation communities’ compositions, by promoting or excluding different plant species. For over 30 years, smoke-derived compounds have been a hot topic in plant and crop physiology. Research in this field was initiated in [...] Read more.
Smoke is one of the fire-related cues that can alter vegetation communities’ compositions, by promoting or excluding different plant species. For over 30 years, smoke-derived compounds have been a hot topic in plant and crop physiology. Research in this field was initiated in fire-prone areas in Australia, South Africa and some countries of both Americas, mostly with Mediterranean-type climates. Then, research extended to regions with moderate climates, like Central European countries; this was sometimes determined by the fact that in those regions, extensive prescribed or illegal burning (swailing) occurs. Hence, this review updates information about the effects of smoke compounds on plant kingdoms in different regions. It also focuses on research advances in the field of the physiological effects of smoke chemicals, mostly karrikins, and attempts to gather and summarize the current state of research and opinions on the roles of such compounds in plants’ lives. We finish our review by discussing major research gaps, which include issues such as why plants that occur in non-fire-prone areas respond to smoke chemicals. Have recent climate change and human activities increased the risk of wildfires, and how may these affect local plant communities through physiologically active smoke compounds? Is the response of seeds to smoke and smoke compounds an evolutionarily driven trait that allows plants to adapt to the environment? What can we learn by examining post-fire smoke on a large scale? Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Smoke on Plant Biology and Ecology)
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12 pages, 1130 KiB  
Review
An Interplay of Light and Smoke Compounds in Photoblastic Seeds
by Renata Bączek-Kwinta
Plants 2022, 11(13), 1773; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11131773 - 04 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2185
Abstract
Light increases the germinability of positively photoblastic seeds and inhibits the germination of negative ones. In an area where plant-generated smoke from fire is a periodically occurring environmental factor, smoke chemicals can affect the germination of seeds, including those that are photoblastically sensitive. [...] Read more.
Light increases the germinability of positively photoblastic seeds and inhibits the germination of negative ones. In an area where plant-generated smoke from fire is a periodically occurring environmental factor, smoke chemicals can affect the germination of seeds, including those that are photoblastically sensitive. Moreover, as smoke and its compounds, mostly karrikin 1, KAR1, have been used for priming the seeds of many species, including photoblastic ones, a systematic review of papers dealing with the phenomenon was conducted. The review indicates that the unification of experimental treatments (light spectrum, intensity and photoperiod, and KAR1 concentration within the species) could improve the quality of global research on the impact of smoke chemicals on photoblastic seeds, also at the molecular level. The review also reveals that the physiologically active concentration of KAR1 varies in different species. Moreover, the physiological window of KAR’s impact on germination can be narrow due to different depths of primary seed dormancy. Another concern is the mode of action of different smoke sources and formulations (aerosol smoke, smoke-saturated water), or pure smoke chemicals. The reason for this concern is the additive or synergetic effect of KARs, cyanohydrins, nitrates and other compounds, and the presence of a germination inhibitor, trimethylbutenolide (TMB) in smoke and its formulations. Obviously, environmental factors that are characteristic of the local environment need to be considered. From a practical perspective, seeds germinating faster in response to smoke chemicals can outcompete other seeds. Hence, a thorough understanding of this phenomenon can be useful in the restoration of plant habitats and the protection of rare species, as well as yielding an improvement in plants that are sown directly to the field. On the other hand, the application of smoke compounds can induce “suicidal germination” in the photoblastic seeds that are buried in the soil and deplete the soil seed bank of the local population of unwanted species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Smoke on Plant Biology and Ecology)
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