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Plants
Special Issues
Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Grafting
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Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Grafting

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2022) | Viewed by 8275

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yuan Huang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
Interests: vegetable grafting; graft healing; graft compatibility; rootstock–scion interaction; long distance signaling; grafted seedling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Michitaka Notaguchi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
Interests: Graft compatibility/incompatibility, grafting method, interfamily grafting, long-distance signaling

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plant grafting is an ancient technique that has been used for at least two thousand years. It is possible to graft both tree species and herbaceous plants. Many agronomical traits can be improved by grafting, such as plant architecture, flowering time, soil-borne disease resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance. Grafting is also widely used as a research tool for long-distance signaling. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have been published to reveal the physiological and molecular processes underlying grafting, which could make it possible to extend its scope beyond current applications in plants, such as interfamily grafting, and tolerant and compatible rootstock breeding by gene editing, to establish novel traits in robust rootstocks more quickly, with improvements in yields and reductions in the costs of grafted plants. This Special Issue intends to publish papers focusing on recent scientific progress and innovation in the physiological and molecular mechanisms of plant grafting. We strongly believe that this Special Issue will foster the development of the plant grafting field.

Dr. Yuan Huang
Dr. Michitaka Notaguchi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  •  cell-cell adhesion
  •  epigenetic modification
  •  graft compatibility/incompatibility
  •  graft union formation
  •  graft method
  •  long-distance communication
  •  multi-omics
  •  rootstock biotechnology
  •  rootstock breeding
  •  rootstock/scion interaction
  •  tissue regeneration
  •  wound response

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 1999 KiB  
Article
Plant Hormone and Inorganic Ion Concentrations in the Xylem Exudate of Grafted Plants Depend on the Scion–Rootstock Combination
by Kohei Kawaguchi, Makoto Nakaune, Jian Feng Ma, Mikiko Kojima, Yumiko Takebayashi, Hitoshi Sakakibara, Shungo Otagaki, Shogo Matsumoto and Katsuhiro Shiratake
Plants 2022, 11(19), 2594; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11192594 - 01 Oct 2022
Viewed by 1737
Abstract
In grafted plants, inorganic ions and plant hormones in the xylem exudate transported from the rootstock to the scion directly or indirectly affect the scion, thereby improving the traits. Therefore, the concentration of these components in the xylem exudate of grafted plants may [...] Read more.
In grafted plants, inorganic ions and plant hormones in the xylem exudate transported from the rootstock to the scion directly or indirectly affect the scion, thereby improving the traits. Therefore, the concentration of these components in the xylem exudate of grafted plants may be an indicator for rootstock selection. On the other hand, few reports have presented a comprehensive analysis of substances transferred from the rootstock to the scion in plants grafted onto different rootstocks, primarily commercial cultivars. In this study, we measured inorganic ions and plant hormones in the xylem exudate from the rootstock to the scion in various grafted plants of tomato and eggplant. The results revealed that the concentrations of inorganic ions and plant hormones in the xylem exudate significantly differed depending on the type of rootstock. In addition, we confirmed the concentration of the inorganic ions and plant hormones in the xylem exudate of plants grafted onto the same tomato rootstock cultivars as rootstock with tomato or eggplant as the scions. As a result, the concentrations of inorganic ions and plant hormones in the xylem exudate were significantly different in the grafted plants with eggplant compared with tomato as the scion. These results suggest that signals from the scion (shoot) control the inorganic ions and plant hormones transported from the rootstock (root). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Grafting)
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18 pages, 7192 KiB  
Article
Systematic Analysis of the Grafting-Related Glucanase-Encoding GH9 Family Genes in Pepper, Tomato and Tobacco
by Guangbao Luo, Xinran Huang, Jiawei Chen, Jinying Luo, Yufei Liu, Yunfei Tang, Mu Xiong, Yongen Lu, Yuan Huang and Bo Ouyang
Plants 2022, 11(16), 2092; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11162092 - 11 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1737
Abstract
Grafting is an important agricultural practice to control soil-borne diseases, alleviate continuous cropping problems and improve stress tolerance in vegetable industry, but it is relatively less applied in pepper production. A recent study has revealed the key roles of β-1, 4-glucanase in graft [...] Read more.
Grafting is an important agricultural practice to control soil-borne diseases, alleviate continuous cropping problems and improve stress tolerance in vegetable industry, but it is relatively less applied in pepper production. A recent study has revealed the key roles of β-1, 4-glucanase in graft survival. We speculated that the GH9 family gene encoding glucanase may be involved in the obstacles of pepper grafting. Therefore, we performed a systematic analysis of the GH9 family in pepper, tomato and tobacco. A total of 25, 24 and 42 GH9 genes were identified from these three species. Compared with the orthologues of other solanaceous crops, the deduced pepper GH9B3 protein lacks a conserved motif (Motif 5). Promoter cis-element analysis revealed that a wound-responsive element exists in the promoter of tobacco NbGH9B3, but it is absent in the GH9B3 promoter of most solanaceous crops. The auxin-responsive related element is absent in CaGH9B3 promoter, but it presents in the promoter of tobacco, tomato, potato and petunia GH9B3. Tissue and induction expression profiles indicated that GH9 family genes are functionally differentiated. Nine GH9 genes, including CaGH9B3, were detected expressing in pepper stem. The expression patterns of NbGH9B3 and CaGH9B3 in grafting were different in our test condition, with obvious induction in tobacco but repression in pepper. Furthermore, weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) revealed 58 transcription factor genes highly co-expressed with NbGH9B3. Eight WRKY binding sites were detected in the promoter of NbGH9B3, and several NbWRKYs were highly co-expressed with NbGH9B3. In conclusion, the missing of Motif 5 in CaGH9B3, and lacking of wound- and auxin-responsive elements in the gene promoter are the potential causes of grafting-related problems in pepper. WRKY family transcription factors could be important regulator of NbGH9B3 in tobacco grafting. Our analysis points out the putative regulators of NbGH9B3, which would be helpful to the functional validation and the study of signal pathways related to grafting in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Grafting)
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17 pages, 2737 KiB  
Article
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Grafted Tomato with Drought Tolerance
by Maria Isabel Fuentes-Merlos, Masaru Bamba, Shusei Sato and Atsushi Higashitani
Plants 2022, 11(15), 1947; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11151947 - 27 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2128
Abstract
Grafting is a method used in agriculture to improve crop production and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. This technique is widely used in tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L.; however, the effects of grafting on changes in gene expression associated with stress tolerance in [...] Read more.
Grafting is a method used in agriculture to improve crop production and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. This technique is widely used in tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L.; however, the effects of grafting on changes in gene expression associated with stress tolerance in shoot apical meristem cells are still under-discovered. To clarify the effect of grafting, we performed a transcriptomic analysis between non-grafted and grafted tomatoes using the tomato variety Momotaro-scion and rootstock varieties, TD1, GS, and GF. Drought tolerance was significantly improved not only by a combination of compatible resistant rootstock TD1 but also by self-grafted compared to non-grafted lines. Next, we found the differences in gene expression between grafted and non-grafted plants before and during drought stress treatment. These altered genes are involved in the regulation of plant hormones, stress response, and cell proliferation. Furthermore, when comparing compatible (Momo/TD1 and Momo/Momo) and incompatible (Momo/GF) grafted lines, the incompatible line reduced gene expression associated with phytohormones but increased in wounding and starvation stress-response genes. These results conclude that grafting generates drought stress tolerance through several gene expression changes in the apical meristem. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Grafting)
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14 pages, 3914 KiB  
Article
Non-Destructive Measurement of the Pumpkin Rootstock Root Phenotype Using AZURE KINECT
by Moran Zhang, Shengyong Xu, Yuan Huang, Zhilong Bie, Michitaka Notaguchi, Jingyi Zhou, Xin Wan, Yuchen Wang and Wanjing Dong
Plants 2022, 11(9), 1144; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11091144 - 23 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1789
Abstract
Rootstock grafting is an important method to improve the yield and quality of seedlings. Pumpkin is the rootstock of watermelon, melon, and cucumber, and the root phenotype of rootstock is an important reference for breeding. At present, the root phenotype is mainly measured [...] Read more.
Rootstock grafting is an important method to improve the yield and quality of seedlings. Pumpkin is the rootstock of watermelon, melon, and cucumber, and the root phenotype of rootstock is an important reference for breeding. At present, the root phenotype is mainly measured by scanners, with which it is difficult to achieve non-destructive and in situ measurements. In this work, we propose a method for non-destructive measurement of the root phenotype on the surface layer of the root ball of pumpkin rootstock plug seedlings and an accurate estimation of the surface area, length, and volume of total root using an AZURE KINECT sensor. Firstly, the KINECT is used to capture four-view color and depth images of the root surface, and then multi-view images are spliced to obtain a complete image of the root surface. After preprocessing of the images, we extract the roots from the root ball. For root phenotype measurements, the surface areas of the surface roots and root ball are calculated, followed by calculating root encapsulation. Next, the non-overlapping roots in the surface root image are extracted, and the ratio of the surface area to the skeleton length is used as the average diameter of total root. Based on the high correlation between the surface area of surface root and the surface area of total root, a linear fitting model is established to estimate the surface area, length, and volume of total root. The experiment ultimately showed that the measurement error for the average diameter of total root is less than 30 μm, and consistency with the scanner is higher than 93.3%. The accuracy of the surface area of total root estimation was found to be more than 88.1%, and the accuracy of the root length of total root estimation was observed to be greater than 87.2%. The method proposed in this paper offers similar accuracy to a scanner, which meets the needs of non-destructive root phenotype research. This method is expected to replace root scanners for high-throughput phenotypic measurements and provides a new avenue for root phenotype measurements of pumpkin rootstocks. This technology will provide key basic data for evaluating the root growth of pumpkin rootstocks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Grafting)
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