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18 pages, 2972 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism Responsible for Efficiently Inhibiting Metastasis of Human Non-Small Cell Lung and Colorectal Cancer Cells Targeting the Matrix Metalloproteinases by Selaginella repanda

by Mohd Adnan, Arif Jamal Siddiqui, Walid Sabri Hamadou, Mejdi Snoussi, Riadh Badraoui, Syed Amir Ashraf, Arshad Jamal, Amir Mahgoub Awadelkareem, Manojkumar Sachidanandan, Sibte Hadi, Mushtaq Ahmad Khan and Mitesh Patel

Plants 2021, 10(5), 979; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10050979 - 14 May 2021

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2514

Abstract

Selaginella species are known to have antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic as well as anticancer effects. However, no study has examined the cytotoxic and anti-metastatic efficacy of Selaginella repanda (S. repanda) to date. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-metastatic properties of [...] Read more.

Selaginella species are known to have antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic as well as anticancer effects. However, no study has examined the cytotoxic and anti-metastatic efficacy of Selaginella repanda (S. repanda) to date. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-metastatic properties of ethanol crude extract of S. repanda in human non-small-cell lung (A-549) and colorectal cancer (HCT-116) cells with possible mechanisms. Effect of S. repanda crude extract on the growth, adhesion, migration and invasion of the A-549 and HCT-116 were investigated. We demonstrated that S. repanda crude extract inhibited cell growth of metastatic cells in a dose and time dependent manner. Incubation of A-549 and HCT-116 cells with 100–500 µg/mL of S. repanda crude extract significantly inhibited cell adhesion to gelatin coated surface. In the migration and invasion assay, S. repanda crude extract also significantly inhibited cellular migration and invasion in both A-549 and HCT-116 cells. Moreover, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that the activity and mRNA level of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) were inhibited. While the activity of tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1); an inhibitor of MMPs was stimulated by S. repanda crude extract in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, the present study not only indicated the inhibition of motility and invasion of malignant cells by S. repanda, but also revealed that such effects were likely associated with the decrease in MMP-2/-9 expression of both A-549 and HCT-116 cells. This further suggests that S. repanda could be used as a potential source of anti-metastasis agent in pharmaceutical development for cancer therapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds–Successful Solutions for the Medical Challenges of the 21st Century)

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11 pages, 924 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tribulus terrestris Efficacy and Safety Concerns in Diabetes and Erectile Dysfunction, Assessed in an Experimental Model

by Ruxandra Ștefănescu, Lenard Farczadi, Adina Huțanu, Bianca E. Ősz, Marius Mărușteri, Ancuța Negroiu and Camil E. Vari

Plants 2021, 10(4), 744; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040744 - 10 Apr 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4074

Abstract

The present project aims to evaluate Tribulus terrestris (TT) extracts by addressing various possible mechanisms of action in order to see whether the use of TT supplements in diabetes and diabetes complications is justified. Diabetic rats were divided into three groups: diabetic control [...] Read more.

The present project aims to evaluate Tribulus terrestris (TT) extracts by addressing various possible mechanisms of action in order to see whether the use of TT supplements in diabetes and diabetes complications is justified. Diabetic rats were divided into three groups: diabetic control group, TT extract with low protodioscin content group (TT-LPC) and TT extract with high protodioscin content group (TT-HPC). After twelve weeks of treatment, fasting blood glucose, insulin, LH, FSH and testosterone levels were measured. Both TT preparations reduced elevated blood glucose level. Insulin and luteinizing hormone levels were not significantly different compared with the control group; however, the FSH and testosterone levels were significantly higher in the TT-HPC group compared with the diabetic control group. The testosterone level is correlated in part with the protodioscin concentration in extracts and is probably mediated through an FSH-linked pathway. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds–Successful Solutions for the Medical Challenges of the 21st Century)

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13 pages, 2443 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Fruit Bioactives Charantin and Vicine Potential for Diabetes Prophylaxis and Treatment

by Mahwish, Farhan Saeed, M. Tauseef Sultan, Ayesha Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Nicusor Bigiu, Ryszard Amarowicz and Rosana Manea

Plants 2021, 10(4), 730; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040730 - 08 Apr 2021

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 7140

Abstract

Natural products are gaining clinical significance in modern day health care systems to prevent diseases. Bitter melon, a health promoting vegetable, is traditionally used for medical nutrition therapy to cure diabetes but to reap maximum health claims, vigilant control of its substances in [...] Read more.

Natural products are gaining clinical significance in modern day health care systems to prevent diseases. Bitter melon, a health promoting vegetable, is traditionally used for medical nutrition therapy to cure diabetes but to reap maximum health claims, vigilant control of its substances in diet is crucial as part of curative action for effective diabetes management. In the present research, first phase focused on detection of key bioactive components, i.e., charantin and vicine in different parts of its fruit. In the second phase, normal and hyperglycemic Sprague Dawley rats were fed on skin, flesh and whole fruit of bitter melon at 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight and assessed for diabetes prophylaxis and treatment. The highest amount of charantin (0.16 ± 0.02 mg/g) was recorded in flesh while vicine was present in abundance in whole fruit (0.21 ± 0.01 μg/100 g). In normal rats, bitter melon supplementation was helpful in managing the onset of diabetes. Hyperglycemic rats showed diabetic complications including polydipsia, polyuria, glycosuria, renal hypertrophy and increased glomerular filtration rate. However, bitter melon consumption showed significant improvements in these parameters. The most potent dose was 300 mg/kg whole fruit that resulted in 31.64% lowering of blood glucose level and 27.35% increase in insulin level in hyperglycemic rats. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds–Successful Solutions for the Medical Challenges of the 21st Century)

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17 pages, 17801 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Deeper Insights on Cnesmone javanica Blume Leaves Extract: Chemical Profiles, Biological Attributes, Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking

by Ahmad J. Obaidullah, Mohammed M. Alanazi, Nawaf A. Alsaif, Wael A. Mahdi, Omer I. Fantoukh, Abu Montakim Tareq, Saad Ahmed Sami, Ali M. Alqahtani and Talha Bin Emran

Plants 2021, 10(4), 728; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040728 - 08 Apr 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2665

Abstract

This study assessed the anxiolytic and antidepressant activities of a methanol leaves extract of Cnesmone javanica (CV) in Swiss albino mice. The study found a significant increase in the percentage of time spent in the open arms of an elevated plus maze and [...] Read more.

This study assessed the anxiolytic and antidepressant activities of a methanol leaves extract of Cnesmone javanica (CV) in Swiss albino mice. The study found a significant increase in the percentage of time spent in the open arms of an elevated plus maze and in the incidence of head dipping in hole-board tests following the administration of 400 mg/kg of CV or 1 mg/kg diazepam. Moreover, a significant (p < 0.001) dose-dependent reduction was observed in the immobility time following CV (200 and 400 mg/kg) and fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) administration for forced swimming and tail suspension tests. Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) analysis identified 62 compounds in CV, consisting primarily of phenols, terpenoids, esters, and other organic compounds. A molecular docking study was performed to assess the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of 45 selected compounds against human serotonin transporter and potassium channels receptors. Network pharmacology was performed to predict the pathways involved in these neuropharmacological effects. Overall, CV demonstrated significant and dose-dependent anxiolytic and antidepressant effects due to the presence of several bioactive phytoconstituents, which should be further explored using more advanced and in-depth mechanistic research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds–Successful Solutions for the Medical Challenges of the 21st Century)

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12 pages, 2137 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anxiolytic and Antidepressant-Like Effects of Conyza canadensis Aqueous Extract in the Scopolamine Rat Model

by Jamila El-Akhal, Ioana Humulescu, Radu Ionita, Paula Alexandra Postu, Eugen Ungureanu, Monica Hancianu, Rachid Bencheikh, Silvia Robu, Oana Cioanca and Lucian Hritcu

Plants 2021, 10(4), 645; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040645 - 29 Mar 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3157

Abstract

Conyza canadensis is a plant widely used in traditional medicine in Morocco for the treatment of varied health challenges. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no scientific study justifying the traditional use of Conyza extract as an anxiolytic and antidepressant [...] Read more.

Conyza canadensis is a plant widely used in traditional medicine in Morocco for the treatment of varied health challenges. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no scientific study justifying the traditional use of Conyza extract as an anxiolytic and antidepressant agent. Moreover, data regarding the polyphenolic fraction is limited. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the chemical composition of an aqueous extract obtained from the aerial parts of Conyza, its antioxidant potential, and the anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects of the sample (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight (bw)) in the scopolamine (Sco) (0.7 mg/kg bw) rat model. To achieve this purpose, a variety of antioxidant tests (including free radical-scavenging activity and lipoxygenase-inhibitory potential assays) and behavioral procedures, such as the elevated plus-maze and forced swimming tests, were performed. The results demonstrated that the aqueous extract of Conyza canadensis is rich in catechins and flavonoids which possess good antioxidant activity. Additionally, concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/kg of the extract exhibited significant anxiolytic and antidepressant-like profiles following scopolamine treatment. Therefore, we propose that the use of Conyza canadensis could be a new pharmacological target for the amelioration of major depression. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds–Successful Solutions for the Medical Challenges of the 21st Century)

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16 pages, 4418 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antibacterial and COX-2 Inhibitory Tetrahydrobisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloids from the Philippine Medicinal Plant Phaeanthus ophthalmicus

by Hilbert D. Magpantay, Ivane N. Malaluan, Joe Anthony H. Manzano, Mark Tristan Quimque, Kirstin Rhys Pueblos, Natalija Moor, Simon Budde, Porferio S. Bangcaya, Demi Lim-Valle, Hans-Martin Dahse, Abbas Khan, Dong-Qing Wei, Grecebio Jonathan D. Alejandro and Allan Patrick G. Macabeo

Plants 2021, 10(3), 462; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10030462 - 01 Mar 2021

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 5947

Abstract

Phaeanthus ophthalmicus (Roxb. ex G.Don) J.Sinclair (previously known as P. ebracteolatus (Presl) Merr) is a Philippine medicinal plant occurring as evergreen shrub in the lowland forests of Luzon islands. It is used traditionally by Filipinos to treat bacterial conjunctivitis, ulcer and wound infections. [...] Read more.

Phaeanthus ophthalmicus (Roxb. ex G.Don) J.Sinclair (previously known as P. ebracteolatus (Presl) Merr) is a Philippine medicinal plant occurring as evergreen shrub in the lowland forests of Luzon islands. It is used traditionally by Filipinos to treat bacterial conjunctivitis, ulcer and wound infections. Based on previous investigations where cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) functions as immune-linked factor in infectious sensitivities to bacterial pathogens by triggering pro-inflammatory immune-associated reactions, we investigated the antimicrobial and COX inhibitory activities of the extracts and tetrahydrobisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids of P. ophthalmicus in vitro and in silico to validate its ethnomedicinal uses. Thus, the dichloromethane–methanol (DCM–MeOH) crude extract and alkaloid extracts exhibiting antibacterial activities against drug-resistant bacterial strains such as methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), Klebsiella pneumoniae + CRE and Pseudomonas aeruginosa + MBL afforded (+)-tetrandrine (1) and (+)-limacusine (2) as the major biologically active tetrahydrobisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloidal constituents after purification. Both tetrahydrobisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids 1 and 2 showed broad spectrum antibacterial activity with strongest inhibition against the Gram-negative bacteria MβL-Pseudomonas aeruginosa Klebsiella pneumoniae + CRE. Interestingly, the alkaloid limacusine (2) showed selective inhibition against ovine COX-2 in vitro. These results were ascertained by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation experiments where alkaloid 2 showed strong affinity in the catalytic sites of Gram-negative bacterial enzymes P. aeruginosa elastase and K. pneumoniae KPC-2 carbapenemase (enzymes involved in infectivity mechanisms), and of ovine COX-2. Overall, our study provides credence on the ethnomedicinal use of the Philippine medicinal plant P. ophthalmicus as traditional plant-based adjuvant to treat bacterial conjunctivitis and other related infections. The antibacterial activities and selective COX-2 inhibition observed for limacusine (2) point to its role as the biologically active constituent of P. ophthalmicus. A limited number of drugs with COX-2 inhibitory properties like celecoxib also confer antibacterial activity. Thus, tetrahydrobisbenzyl alkaloids, especially 2, are promising pharmaceutical inspirations for developing treatments of bacterial/inflammation-related infections. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds–Successful Solutions for the Medical Challenges of the 21st Century)

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12 pages, 1550 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Piceatannol Is Superior to Resveratrol at Suppressing Adipogenesis in Human Visceral Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

by In Sil Park, Youngjin Han, HyunA Jo, Ki Won Lee and Yong Sang Song

Plants 2021, 10(2), 366; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020366 - 14 Feb 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3004

Abstract

Resveratrol (3,4′,5-trans-trihydroxystilbene) and piceatannol (3,3′,4′,5-trans-tetraphydroxystilbene) are major stilbene compounds that are predominantly present in various natural foods, such as berries and fruits. Both phytochemical compounds are consumed as dietary supplements to prevent various metabolic diseases and for their anti-aging properties. Adipose-derived stem cells [...] Read more.

Resveratrol (3,4′,5-trans-trihydroxystilbene) and piceatannol (3,3′,4′,5-trans-tetraphydroxystilbene) are major stilbene compounds that are predominantly present in various natural foods, such as berries and fruits. Both phytochemical compounds are consumed as dietary supplements to prevent various metabolic diseases and for their anti-aging properties. Adipose-derived stem cells from human visceral adipose tissue (vASCs) are a useful in vitro model for evaluating their adipogenic effect. Treatment with resveratrol and piceatannol significantly inhibited lipid accumulation in vASCs. Their effective concentrations were 5, 10, and 20 μM for inhibiting adipogenesis of vASCs. Interestingly, despite the similar chemical structures of the two compounds, piceatannol showed a higher anti-adipogenic effect at 20 μM than resveratrol in vASCs. Moreover, the inhibitory capacity of lipid droplet generation was higher for piceatannol at 20 μM than that of resveratrol. Piceatannol significantly attenuated the expression level of adipogenic markers (e.g., CCAAT/enhanced binding protein α (C/EBPα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2)) compared to resveratrol at the mRNA and protein levels. These results suggest that piceatannol is a superior anti-adipogenic compound compared to resveratrol in the vASC model of visceral obesity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds–Successful Solutions for the Medical Challenges of the 21st Century)

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26 pages, 9760 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Leaf Extracts of Anchomanes difformis Ameliorated Kidney and Pancreatic Damage in Type 2 Diabetes

by Toyin Dorcas Alabi, Nicole L. Brooks and Oluwafemi O Oguntibeju

Plants 2021, 10(2), 300; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020300 - 05 Feb 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3024

Abstract

Kidney disease in diabetes is one of the common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus implicated in end-stage renal failure. This study explored the ability of Anchomanes difformis to ameliorate kidney and pancreatic damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus using male Wistar rats. Two [...] Read more.

Kidney disease in diabetes is one of the common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus implicated in end-stage renal failure. This study explored the ability of Anchomanes difformis to ameliorate kidney and pancreatic damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus using male Wistar rats. Two weeks of fructose (10%) administration followed by streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) were used to induce type 2 diabetes. Leaf extract (aqueous) of Anchomanes difformis (200 mg and 400 mg/kgBW) was administered orally for six weeks. Body weights were monitored, urea and creatinine were measured. Interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, and TNFα were measured in the kidney lysate. CAT, SOD, ORAC, FRAP, and MDA levels were also evaluated in the kidney. Transcription factors (Nrf2 and NF-ĸB/p65) and apoptotic markers (Bcl2 and caspase 3) were investigated in the kidney. Histological sections of the pancreas and kidney tissues were examined for any visible pathology. Supplementation with Anchomanesdifformis enhanced antioxidant status, modulated inflammatory response, and reduced apoptosis in the kidney. It also restored the kidney and pancreatic histoarchitecture of the treated diabetic rats. The pathophysiology associated with diabetic nephropathy and pancreatic damage showcase the importance of exploring the use of antidiabetic, nephroprotective agents such as Anchomanes difformis to kidney damage in type 2 diabetes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds–Successful Solutions for the Medical Challenges of the 21st Century)

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32 pages, 4280 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antioxidant-Rich Woodfordia fruticosa Leaf Extract Alleviates Depressive-Like Behaviors and Impede Hyperglycemia

by Mohammed Abu Tayab, Kazi Ashfak Ahmed Chowdhury, Md. Jabed, Syed Mohammed Tareq, A. T. M. Mostafa Kamal, Mohammad Nazmul Islam, A. M. Kafil Uddin, Mohammad Adil Hossain, Talha Bin Emran and Jesus Simal-Gandara

Plants 2021, 10(2), 287; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020287 - 03 Feb 2021

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 5062

Abstract

Dhaiphul (Woodfordia fruticosa) is a frequently demanded plant in South-East Asian regions for its diverse medicinal values. This study was proposed to examine antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antidepressant potentials of methanol extract of W. fruticosa leaves (MEWF) and its derived n-hexane (NHFMEWF) [...] Read more.

Dhaiphul (Woodfordia fruticosa) is a frequently demanded plant in South-East Asian regions for its diverse medicinal values. This study was proposed to examine antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antidepressant potentials of methanol extract of W. fruticosa leaves (MEWF) and its derived n-hexane (NHFMEWF) and ethyl acetate (EAFMEWF) fractions through in vitro, in vivo, and computational models. Among test samples, MEWF and EAFMEWF contained the highest phenolic content and showed maximal antioxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging and ferric reducing power assays. In comparison, NHFMEWF possessed maximum flavonoid content and a significantly potent α-amylase inhibitory profile comparable with positive control acarbose. In animal models of depression (forced swimming and tail suspension test), EAFMEWF and NHFMEWF demonstrated a dose-dependent antidepressant-like effect; explicitly, the depressive-like behaviors significantly declined in EAFMEWF-treated dosing groups in contrast to the control group. In the computational analysis, previously isolated flavonoid compounds from Dhaiphul leaves manifested potent binding affinity against several key therapeutic target proteins of diabetes and depressive disorders including α-amylase, serotonin transporter, dopamine transporter, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase with varying pharmacokinetics and toxicity profiles. This research’s outcomes may provide potential dietary supplements for mitigating hyperglycemia, cellular toxicity, and depressive disorder. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds–Successful Solutions for the Medical Challenges of the 21st Century)

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17 pages, 1407 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phytochemical and Psychotropic Research of Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca L.) Modified Dry Extracts

by Oleh Koshovyi, Ain Raal, Igor Kireyev, Nadiya Tryshchuk, Tetiana Ilina, Yevhen Romanenko, Sergiy M. Kovalenko and Natalya Bunyatyan

Plants 2021, 10(2), 230; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020230 - 25 Jan 2021

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 5198

Abstract

The prospect of creating a new medicine with psychotropic activity is shown as a result of studying the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of modified dry extracts of motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca L.) tincture. The most promising substances were the dry extracts, modified [...] Read more.

The prospect of creating a new medicine with psychotropic activity is shown as a result of studying the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of modified dry extracts of motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca L.) tincture. The most promising substances were the dry extracts, modified by adding small amounts of arginine, valine, phenylalanine, glycine, lysine, and alanine. A total of 15 main phenolic substances were found in the extracts, and eight of them were identified. There were also 10 hydroxycinnamic acids in these extracts, three of which were identified (chlorogenic, caffeic, and rosmarinic acids). The dominant hydroxycinnamic acids were chlorogenic and caffeic acids. Among flavonoids, catechin, hyperoside, and rutin were identified. It should be noted that the extracts had a significant content of ellagic acid. On the basis of the results of the phytochemical analysis of the extracts, it can be concluded that the composition of phenolic compounds does not differ significantly, and the main differences are related to amino acids, which obviously have an impact on the overall pharmacological effect. The results obtained indicate the presence of anxiolytic activity in the motherwort extracts studied in complex with amino acids. The extracts with glycine, valine, and arginine were more effective in reducing anxiety in animals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds–Successful Solutions for the Medical Challenges of the 21st Century)

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13 pages, 2126 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Herbal Hydrogel Formulation of Moringa oleifera for Wound Healing

by Aaliya Ali, Prakrati Garg, Rohit Goyal, Gurjot Kaur, Xiangkai Li, Poonam Negi, Martin Valis, Kamil Kuca and Saurabh Kulshrestha

Plants 2021, 10(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10010025 - 24 Dec 2020

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 8206

Abstract

Treatment of wounds is essential as the wound can also be lethal at some point in time if not healed properly. Ethnomedicinal plants can treat wounds as they have no side effects, whereas, in the case of chemical drugs, the side effects are [...] Read more.

Treatment of wounds is essential as the wound can also be lethal at some point in time if not healed properly. Ethnomedicinal plants can treat wounds as they have no side effects, whereas, in the case of chemical drugs, the side effects are on the rise. In this study, seeds of Moringa oleifera which is the essential ethnomedicinal plant, were studied for wound healing efficacy. The study was planned for the assessment of in vitro (antioxidant and antimicrobial activities) and in vivo (excision and incision wound healing models) wound healing efficacy of n-hexane extract and hydrogels of Moringa oleifera seeds. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were assessed by DPPH free radical scavenging assay and Agar well diffusion method, respectively. In excision and incision wound models, Swiss albino mice were used for wound healing efficacy of hydrogels, i.e., 5% and 10% hexane extracts of Moringa oleifera seeds. The n-hexane extract showed antioxidant as well as antibacterial activities. Moreover, the hydrogels formulated using n-hexane extract of Moringa oleifera seeds showed significant wound healing activity compared to both control and standard until the end of the protocol in both the models. Furthermore, the histopathological investigation confirmed the findings of accelerated regeneration of tissue accompanied by a decrease in inflammatory cells and increased vascularity of the immediate skin. The results (both in vitro and in vivo) claimed conclusively that our n-hexane hydrogel formulation of Moringa oleifera seeds might serve as an alternative therapy in skin restoration during wound healing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds–Successful Solutions for the Medical Challenges of the 21st Century)

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16 pages, 3482 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phytochemical Profile, Antiradical Capacity and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Potential of Wild Arbutus unedo L. Fruits from Central Italy: A Chemometric Approach

by Valentina Macchioni, Veronica Santarelli and Katya Carbone

Plants 2020, 9(12), 1785; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9121785 - 16 Dec 2020

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1850

Abstract

Nowadays, there is a growing interest in botanicals for human nutrition and care. Arbutus unedo wild berries are edible and medicinal fruits that contain many healthy bioactive components, which can be considered a valuable resource for the food ingredient market and for nutraceutical [...] Read more.

Nowadays, there is a growing interest in botanicals for human nutrition and care. Arbutus unedo wild berries are edible and medicinal fruits that contain many healthy bioactive components, which can be considered a valuable resource for the food ingredient market and for nutraceutical and cosmetic sectors. In the present study, the polyphenols and in vitro antiradical and hypoglycemic activities of five wild Italian accessions of A. unedo were investigated, and their chemical profiles were treated by means of unsupervised chemometric techniques like the hierarchical and principal component analysis. Moreover, Fourier-transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy was used to provide a rapid assessment of the phytochemical composition of different accessions. Samples differed mainly in their anthocyanin content and overall nutraceutical potential. Anthocyanins were present mainly as glycosides of cyanidin and delphinidin, with delphinidin-3-O-glucoside being the most abundant one, ranging from 49 ± 1 to 111 ± 3 mg g⁻¹ (for P1 and P2, respectively; p < 0.05). Extracts were screened for their in vitro biological activities by using the 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS^•+), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH^•) antiradical tests, while their hypoglycemic activity was investigated by the α-glucosidase inhibition test. In both in vitro antiradical tests, the highest capacity was recorded for P2 (EC₅₀: 1.17 and 0.064 mg mL⁻¹, for DPPH^• and ABTS^•+, respectively), with values higher than those reported in the literature for A. unedo fruit extracts. P2 also showed the highest inhibition power towards α-glucosidase (about 70%). Moreover, the nonparametric correlation analysis pointed out a very high significant correlation between the percentage of α-glucosidase inhibition and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside (r: 0.973; p < 0.01). Finally, the application of hierarchical analysis to samples analyzed provided three different clusters based on the average phytochemical content coded as low, medium and high. Moreover, principal component analysis made it possible to establish similarities among the accessions depending on their overall nutraceutical characteristics and on the relative anthocyanin content. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds–Successful Solutions for the Medical Challenges of the 21st Century)

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11 pages, 599 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antiviral, Antioxidant, and Antihemolytic Effect of Annona muricata L. Leaves Extracts

by Ana Paola Balderrama-Carmona, Norma Patricia Silva-Beltrán, Juan-Carlos Gálvez-Ruiz, Saúl Ruíz-Cruz, Cristóbal Chaidez-Quiroz and Edgar Felipe Morán-Palacio

Plants 2020, 9(12), 1650; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9121650 - 26 Nov 2020

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 5686

Abstract

Annona muricata L. is a tropical tree that is used in traditional medicine around the world. The high content of flavonoid, alkaloid, acetogenin, phenolic and lipophilic compounds of this tropical tree forms the basis of its traditional medical uses. Our objective was to [...] Read more.

Annona muricata L. is a tropical tree that is used in traditional medicine around the world. The high content of flavonoid, alkaloid, acetogenin, phenolic and lipophilic compounds of this tropical tree forms the basis of its traditional medical uses. Our objective was to study soursop leaf extracts to support their use as antiviral therapies and investigate their protective effects against oxidative damage. The aqueous extract (AE) and acidified ethanolic extract (AEE) of soursop leaves were characterized by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), and their effects on human erythrocytes and in vitro antioxidant capacity, as evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays, were investigated. The antiviral effects were evaluated using a bacteriophage surrogate. AEE showed the highest phenolic content, with rutin as the predominant compound. This extract showed higher values in the DPPH and ABTS assays, with 23.61 ± 0.42 and 24.91 ± 0.16 mmol of Trolox equivalent per gram, respectively. Inhibition of hemolysis was 34% and 51% for AE and AEE, respectively. AEE was selected for the antiviral study because of its higher antioxidant activity. The viral reduction ranged from 5–6 log10 plaque-forming units/volume (PFU) at contact times of 15–360 min. Soursop leaves have a positive effect on reducing oxidative stress in human erythrocytes and viral infections. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds–Successful Solutions for the Medical Challenges of the 21st Century)

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14 pages, 8168 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Nardostachys jatamansi DC. on Apoptosis, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced by Doxorubicin in Wistar Rats

by Mhaveer Singh, Mohammad Ahmed Khan, Kamal Y. T., Javed Ahmad, Usama A. Fahmy, Sabna Kotta, Nabil A. Alhakamy and Sayeed Ahmad

Plants 2020, 9(11), 1579; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9111579 - 15 Nov 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3844

Abstract

The study aimed to investigate the protective action of jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi DC.) against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Methanolic extract of jatamansi (MEJ) was prepared and standardized using HPTLC fingerprinting, GC-MS chemoprofiling, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity in vitro. Further in vivo activity [...] Read more.

The study aimed to investigate the protective action of jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi DC.) against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Methanolic extract of jatamansi (MEJ) was prepared and standardized using HPTLC fingerprinting, GC-MS chemoprofiling, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity in vitro. Further in vivo activity was evaluated using rodent model. Animals were divided into five groups (n = 6) namely control (CNT) (Normal saline), toxicant (TOX, without any treatment), MEJ at low dose (JAT1), MEJ at high dose (JAT2), and standard desferrioxamine (STD). All groups except control received doxorubicin 2.5 mg per Kg intra-peritoneally for 3 weeks in twice a week regimen. After 3 weeks, the blood samples and cardiac tissues were collected from all groups for biochemical and histopathological evaluation. Treatment with MEJ at both dose levels exhibited significant reduction (p < 0.001 vs. toxicant) of serum CK-MB (heart creatine kinase), LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase) & HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) levels, and tissue MDA (melondialdehyde) level; insignificant difference was observed (p > 0.05) in TNF-alpha (tumour necrosis factor), IL-6 (interleukine-6) levels and caspase activity as compared to TOX. Histopathological evaluation of cardiac tissues of different treatment groups further reinforced the findings of biochemical estimation. This study concludes that jatamansi can protect cardiac tissues from oxidative stress-induced cell injury and lipid peroxidation as well as against inflammatory and apoptotic effects on cardiac tissues. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds–Successful Solutions for the Medical Challenges of the 21st Century)

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18 pages, 2725 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antioxidant Activities of a New Chemotype of Piper cubeba L. Fruit Essential Oil (Methyleugenol/Eugenol): In Silico Molecular Docking and ADMET Studies

by Fahad Alminderej, Sana Bakari, Tariq I. Almundarij, Mejdi Snoussi, Kaïss Aouadi and Adel Kadri

Plants 2020, 9(11), 1534; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9111534 - 10 Nov 2020

Cited by 47 | Viewed by 4064

Abstract

Piper cubeba L. fruit is an important species used in folk medicine for different types of pains such as rheumatism, chills, flu, colds, muscular aches, and fever. This study examines the chemical constituents, antioxidant activity, and potential inhibitory effect against human peroxiredoxin 5, [...] Read more.

Piper cubeba L. fruit is an important species used in folk medicine for different types of pains such as rheumatism, chills, flu, colds, muscular aches, and fever. This study examines the chemical constituents, antioxidant activity, and potential inhibitory effect against human peroxiredoxin 5, a key enzyme of P. cubeba essential oil from fruits. Using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS), the principal components were methyleugenol (41.31%) and eugenol (33.95%), followed by (E)-caryophyllene (5.65%), p-cymene-8-ol (3.50%), 1,8-cineole (2.94%), and α-terpinolene (1.41%). Results showed similar scavenging activity via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 110.00 ± 0.08 μg/mL), as well as very potent antioxidant activity against both ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) (106.00 ± 0.11 μg/mL) and β-carotene bleaching (IC₅₀ = 315.00 ± 2.08 μg/mL) assays when compared to positive butylated hydroxytoluene and ascorbic acid. The molecular docking approach has also been performed to screen the antioxidant activities of the major and potent compounds against human protein target peroxiredoxin 5. Results showed good binding profiles and attributed the strongest inhibitory activity to β-caryophyllene oxide (–5.8 kcal/mol), followed respectively by isocembrol and α-selinene (–5.4 kcal/mol), and viridiflorol (–5.1 kcal/mol). Furthermore, ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion)-related physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties have been assessed and support our in vitro findings. This work demonstrates the powerful antioxidant potency of cubeba pepper and paves the way for the discovery and development of antioxidant agent with high potency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds–Successful Solutions for the Medical Challenges of the 21st Century)

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25 pages, 3868 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phytochemical Profiles, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Seeds and Skin from Organic and Conventional Vineyards

by Cristiana Radulescu, Lavinia Claudia Buruleanu, Cristina Mihaela Nicolescu, Radu Lucian Olteanu, Marius Bumbac, Georgeta Carmen Holban and Jesus Simal-Gandara

Plants 2020, 9(11), 1470; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9111470 - 30 Oct 2020

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 4119

Abstract

The therapeutic benefits of extracts obtained from different red grape fractions were thoroughly studied, however, data regarding the comparison of phytochemical extracts prepared from the same varieties coming from organic versus conventional management systems are rather lacking. The present study aimed at comparing [...] Read more.

The therapeutic benefits of extracts obtained from different red grape fractions were thoroughly studied, however, data regarding the comparison of phytochemical extracts prepared from the same varieties coming from organic versus conventional management systems are rather lacking. The present study aimed at comparing some of the phytochemical characteristics and antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic (50% v/v) extracts obtained from four varieties of red grapes cultivated respectively in organic and conventional vineyards. Total flavonoid content, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity were determined by molecular absorption spectroscopy. Antimicrobial activity of the studied extracts was evaluated against common bacterial strains isolated from different habitats according to specific lab procedures. The analyses were performed in solid broths by applying the disk diffusion method, which allowed for the simultaneous determination of the spectrum of the sensitivity of the tested bacteria as well as the values of the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC). It was found that favorable antagonistic activities against the tested bacteria strains were exhibited by the hydroalcoholic extracts from the seeds of the organic varieties, respectively the skin of the conventional varieties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds–Successful Solutions for the Medical Challenges of the 21st Century)

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20 pages, 1586 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phytochemical Screening, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiviral, Cytotoxic, and Anti-Quorum-Sensing Properties of Teucrium polium L. Aerial Parts Methanolic Extract

by Mousa Alreshidi, Emira Noumi, Lamjed Bouslama, Ozgur Ceylan, Vajid N. Veettil, Mohd Adnan, Corina Danciu, Salem Elkahoui, Riadh Badraoui, Khalid A. Al-Motair, Mitesh Patel, Vincenzo De Feo and Mejdi Snoussi

Plants 2020, 9(11), 1418; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9111418 - 23 Oct 2020

Cited by 33 | Viewed by 4674

Abstract

The chemical profile of Teucrium polium L. (T. polium) methanolic extract was tested using liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-LCMS). Disc diffusion and microdilution assays were used for the antimicrobial activities. Coxsackievirus B-3 (CVB3) and Herpes simplex virus [...] Read more.

The chemical profile of Teucrium polium L. (T. polium) methanolic extract was tested using liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-LCMS). Disc diffusion and microdilution assays were used for the antimicrobial activities. Coxsackievirus B-3 (CVB3) and Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) were used for the antiviral activities. Chromobacterium violaceum (ATCC 12472 and CV026) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 were used as starter strains for the anti-quorum sensing tests. Isoprenoids are the main class of compounds identified, and 13R-hydroxy-9E,11Z-octadecadienoic acid, valtratum, rhoifolin, sericetin diacetate, and dihydrosamidin were the dominant phytoconstituents. The highest mean diameter of growth inhibition zone was recorded for Acinetobacter baumannii (19.33 ± 1.15 mm). The minimal inhibitory concentrations were ranging from 6.25 to 25 mg/mL for bacterial strains, and from 6.25 to 25 mg/mL for Candida species. The 50% cytotoxic concentration on VERO (African Green Monkey Kidney) cell lines was estimated at 209 µg/mL. No antiviral activity was recorded. Additionally, T. polium extract was able to inhibit P. aeruginosa PAO1 motility in a concentration-dependent manner. However, the tested extract was able to inhibit 23.66% of the swarming and 35.25% of swimming capacities of PAO1 at 100 µg/mL. These results highlighted the role of germander as a potent antimicrobial agent that can interfere with the virulence factors controlled by the quorum-sensing systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds–Successful Solutions for the Medical Challenges of the 21st Century)

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Review

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33 pages, 2764 KiB

Open AccessReview

Summary of Natural Products Ameliorate Concanavalin A-Induced Liver Injury: Structures, Sources, Pharmacological Effects, and Mechanisms of Action

by Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim, Alaa Sirwi, Basma G. Eid, Shaimaa G. A. Mohamed and Gamal A. Mohamed

Plants 2021, 10(2), 228; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020228 - 25 Jan 2021

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3551

Abstract

Liver diseases represent a threat to human health and are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a progressive and chronic hepatic inflammatory disease, which may lead to severe complications. Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced hepatic injury is regarded [...] Read more.

Liver diseases represent a threat to human health and are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a progressive and chronic hepatic inflammatory disease, which may lead to severe complications. Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced hepatic injury is regarded as an appropriate experimental model for investigating the pathology and mechanisms involved in liver injury mediated by immune cells as well as T cell-related liver disease. Despite the advances in modern medicine, the only available strategies to treat AIH, include the use of steroids either solely or with immunosuppressant drugs. Unfortunately, this currently available treatment is associated with significant side-effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for safe and effective drugs to replace and/or supplement those in current use. Natural products have been utilized for treating liver disorders and have become a promising therapy for various liver disorders. In this review, the natural compounds and herbal formulations as well as extracts and/or fractions with protection against liver injury caused by Con A and the underlying possible mechanism(s) of action are reviewed. A total of 53 compounds from different structural classes are discussed and over 97 references are cited. The goal of this review is to attract the interest of pharmacologists, natural product researchers, and synthetic chemists for discovering novel drug candidates for treating immune-mediated liver injury. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds–Successful Solutions for the Medical Challenges of the 21st Century)

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17 pages, 1317 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Recent Advances Regarding the Phytochemical and Therapeutic Uses of Populus nigra L. Buds

by Brigitta Kis, Stefana Avram, Ioana Zinuca Pavel, Adelina Lombrea, Valentina Buda, Cristina Adriana Dehelean, Codruta Soica, Mukerrem Betul Yerer, Florina Bojin, Roxana Folescu and Corina Danciu

Plants 2020, 9(11), 1464; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9111464 - 29 Oct 2020

Cited by 33 | Viewed by 4571

Abstract

Populus nigra L. (Salicaceae family) is one of the most popular trees that can be found in deciduous forests. Some particularities that characterize the Populus genus refer to the fact that it includes more than 40 species, being widespread especially in Europe and [...] Read more.

Populus nigra L. (Salicaceae family) is one of the most popular trees that can be found in deciduous forests. Some particularities that characterize the Populus genus refer to the fact that it includes more than 40 species, being widespread especially in Europe and Asia. Many residues, parts of this tree can be used as a bioresource for different extracts as active ingredients in pharmaceuticals next to multiple benefits in many areas of medicine. The present review discusses the latest findings regarding the phytochemical composition and the therapeutic properties of Populus nigra L. buds. The vegetal product has been described mainly to contain phenolic compounds (phenols, phenolic acids and phenylpropanoids), terpenoids (mono and sesquiterpenoids), flavones (e.g., apigenol and crysin), flavanones (e.g., pinocembrin and pinostrombin), caffeic/ferulic acids and their derivates, and more than 48 phytocompounds in the essential oils. The resinous exudates present on the buds have been the major plant source used by bees to form propolis. Several studies depicted its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, antitumor, hepatoprotective, hypouricemic properties and its effects on melanin production. All these lead to the conclusion that black poplar buds are a valuable and important source of bioactive compounds responsible for a wide range of therapeutic uses, being a promising candidate as a complementary and/or alternative source for a large number of health problems. The aim of the review is to gather the existing information and to bring an up to date regarding the phytochemical and therapeutic uses of Populus nigra L. buds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds–Successful Solutions for the Medical Challenges of the 21st Century)

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41 pages, 14693 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Plants-Derived Biomolecules as Potent Antiviral Phytomedicines: New Insights on Ethnobotanical Evidences against Coronaviruses

by Arif Jamal Siddiqui, Corina Danciu, Syed Amir Ashraf, Afrasim Moin, Ritu Singh, Mousa Alreshidi, Mitesh Patel, Sadaf Jahan, Sanjeev Kumar, Mulfi I. M. Alkhinjar, Riadh Badraoui, Mejdi Snoussi and Mohd Adnan

Plants 2020, 9(9), 1244; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091244 - 21 Sep 2020

Cited by 48 | Viewed by 12517

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) is in focus over all known human diseases, because it is destroying the world economy and social life, with increased mortality rate each day. To date, there is no specific medicine or vaccine available against this pandemic disease. However, the [...] Read more.

SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) is in focus over all known human diseases, because it is destroying the world economy and social life, with increased mortality rate each day. To date, there is no specific medicine or vaccine available against this pandemic disease. However, the presence of medicinal plants and their bioactive molecules with antiviral properties might also be a successful strategy in order to develop therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, this review will summarize the available literature and other information/data sources related to antiviral medicinal plants, with possible ethnobotanical evidence in correlation with coronaviruses. The identification of novel antiviral compounds is of critical significance, and medicinal plant based natural compounds are a good source for such discoveries. In depth search and analysis revealed several medicinal plants with excellent efficacy against SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV, which are well-known to act on ACE-2 receptor, 3CLpro and other viral protein targets. In this review, we have consolidated the data of several medicinal plants and their natural bioactive metabolites, which have promising antiviral activities against coronaviruses with detailed modes of action/mechanism. It is concluded that this review will be useful for researchers worldwide and highly recommended for the development of naturally safe and effective therapeutic drugs/agents against SARS-CoV-2 infection, which might be used in therapeutic protocols alone or in combination with chemically synthetized drugs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds–Successful Solutions for the Medical Challenges of the 21st Century)

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33 pages, 15431 KiB

Open AccessReview

Phytochemical and Pharmacological Study of the Eysenhardtia Genus

by Abraham Garcia-Campoy, Efrén Garcia and Alethia Muñiz-Ramirez

Plants 2020, 9(9), 1124; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091124 - 31 Aug 2020

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4078

Abstract

The participation of natural products in health care has been remarkable, and today they continue to play a key role in the discovery and development of new treatments. Phytochemical studies together with pharmacological tests have managed to integrate bioactive agents as an alternative [...] Read more.

The participation of natural products in health care has been remarkable, and today they continue to play a key role in the discovery and development of new treatments. Phytochemical studies together with pharmacological tests have managed to integrate bioactive agents as an alternative solution to reduce or regulate the problems caused by diseases. The Eysenhardtia genus is a family of plants that are rich in secondary metabolites, which have shown potential activity in the control and mitigation of urinary disorders, diabetes, oxidative stress, protein glycosylation, microbial infections, inflammation, pain or discomfort, muscle contractions, cytotoxicity, or as a cellular or neuronal signaling modulator. These conditions generally appear in comorbid diseases, which motivated the bibliographic review associated with the plant. This document presents the beneficial actions produced by Eysenhardtia extracts and/or bioactives to inhibit, control, or reduce the complications or discomfort of degenerative diseases and thus generate new therapeutic alternatives. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds–Successful Solutions for the Medical Challenges of the 21st Century)

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22 pages, 1577 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Bioactive Compounds and Bioactivities of Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica Sprouts and Microgreens: An Updated Overview from a Nutraceutical Perspective

by Thanh Ninh Le, Chiu-Hsia Chiu and Pao-Chuan Hsieh

Plants 2020, 9(8), 946; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9080946 - 27 Jul 2020

Cited by 62 | Viewed by 8933

Abstract

Sprouts and microgreens, the edible seedlings of vegetables and herbs, have received increasing attention in recent years and are considered as functional foods or superfoods owing to their valuable health-promoting properties. In particular, the seedlings of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica [...] Read more.

Sprouts and microgreens, the edible seedlings of vegetables and herbs, have received increasing attention in recent years and are considered as functional foods or superfoods owing to their valuable health-promoting properties. In particular, the seedlings of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) have been highly prized for their substantial amount of bioactive constituents, including glucosinolates, phenolic compounds, vitamins, and essential minerals. These secondary metabolites are positively associated with potential health benefits. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that broccoli seedlings possess various biological properties, including antioxidant, anticancer, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and antidiabetic activities. The present review summarizes the updated knowledge about bioactive compounds and bioactivities of these broccoli products and discusses the relevant mechanisms of action. This review will serve as a potential reference for food selections of consumers and applications in functional food and nutraceutical industries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds–Successful Solutions for the Medical Challenges of the 21st Century)

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18 pages, 1746 KiB

Open AccessReview

Natural Products, Traditional Uses and Pharmacological Activities of the Genus Biebersteinia (Biebersteiniaceae)

by Benyin Zhang, Xiaona Jin, Hengxia Yin, Dejun Zhang, Huakun Zhou, Xiaofeng Zhang and Lam-Son Phan Tran

Plants 2020, 9(5), 595; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9050595 - 07 May 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3735

Abstract

Medicinal plants have been known as a rich source of natural products (NPs). Due to their diverse chemical structures and remarkable pharmacological activities, NPs are regarded as important repertoires for drug discovery and development. Biebersteinia plant species belong to the Biebersteiniaceae family, and [...] Read more.

Medicinal plants have been known as a rich source of natural products (NPs). Due to their diverse chemical structures and remarkable pharmacological activities, NPs are regarded as important repertoires for drug discovery and development. Biebersteinia plant species belong to the Biebersteiniaceae family, and have been used in folk medicines in China and Iran for ages. However, the chemical properties, bioactivities and modes of action of the NPs produced by medicinal Biebersteinia species are poorly understood despite the fact that there are only four known Biebersteinia species worldwide. Here, we reviewed the chemical classifications and diversity of the various NPs found in the four known Biebersteinia species. We found that the major chemical categories in these plants include flavonoids, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, essential oils and fatty acids. We also discussed the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, antioxidant, antihypertensive and hypoglycemic effects of the four Biebersteinia species. We believe that the present review will facilitate the exploration of traditional uses and pharmacological properties of Biebersteinia species, extraction of the NPs and elucidation of their molecular mechanisms, as well as the development of novel drugs based on the reported properties and mode-of-action. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Compounds–Successful Solutions for the Medical Challenges of the 21st Century)

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