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Stress-Induced Embryogenesis in Plants
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Stress-Induced Embryogenesis in Plants

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2023) | Viewed by 3499

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Małgorzata Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza str. 59, PL-80-308 Gdansk, Poland
Interests: plant reproduction; plant embryology; ovule development; seed development; light and electron microscopy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Joanna Rojek

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza str. 59, PL-80-308 Gdansk, Poland
Interests: apomixis; plant ovule; autonomous endosperm; epigenetic reprogramming; genomic imprinting in plants; auxin; gynogenesis in vitro; androgenesis in vitro; stress in vitro; plant sexual and asexual reproduction; microspore embryogenesis; somatic embryogenesis; parthenogenesis in vitro

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The key and determining step in plant embryogenesis is its initiation from a non-embryonic precursor cell. This process naturally occurs when an egg cell is fertilized, transforming a haploid gamete into a diploid sporophyte. However, embryo initiation is not limited to the egg cell and the different types of cells can undergo embryogenic development in angiosperms. Natural apomixis refers to the asexual seed formation from the ovule, avoiding meiosis and fertilization. Currently, apomictic-like embryos can be created artificially via the modulation of the key embryonic genes expression.

Stress-induced embryogenesis in experimental (mainly in vitro) systems can be defined as a process in which a non-embryonic and non-fertilized cell is reprogramed by the application of stress treatments and, becoming a totipotent cell, enters an embryogenesis pathway. Clonal embryos are usually achieved via the induction of somatic embryogenesis, which involves the regeneration of a whole plant from un-/dedifferentiated somatic cells in culture. In vitro embryogenesis also refers to the ability of male or female gametophytes to switch from their gametophytic pathway towards an embryogenic route. While androgenesis in vitro refers to the development of embryos from microspores or immature pollen grains, gynogenesis produces embryos from unfertilized ovules. In contrast to apomixis and somatic embryogenesis, which lead to the clonal propagation of a specific genotype, androgenic and gynogenic plants reflect the product of meiotic segregation.

In vitro embryogenesis is a fascinating example of cellular totipotency, as different kinds of non-embryonic cells can be reprogrammed, giving rise to an entire embryo. The induction of embryogenesis is usually achieved by the treatment of target cells with stress factors (e.g., osmotic stress, temperature, hypoxia, mechanical or chemical treatments, and/or hormone application).

Therefore, this Special Issue on “Stress-Induced Embryogenesis in Plants” aims to address how different types of stress conditions can trigger embryonic pattern in non-embryonic cells. We welcome all types of research articles focusing on (but not limited to) in vitro androgenesis and gynogenesis, induced apomixis, and somatic embryogenesis.

Dr. Małgorzata Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno
Dr. Joanna Rojek
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • somatic embryogenesis
  • induced apomixes
  • gynogenesis in vitro
  • androgenesis in vitro
  • stress in vitro
  • totipotency
  • dedifferentiation
  • epigenetic reprogramming
  • microspore embryogenesis
  • parthenogenesis in vitro

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 11357 KiB  
Article
Calcium Dynamics, WUSCHEL Expression and Callose Deposition during Somatic Embryogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana Immature Zygotic Embryos
by Antonio Calabuig-Serna, Ricardo Mir and Jose M. Seguí-Simarro
Plants 2023, 12(5), 1021; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12051021 - 23 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1675
Abstract
In this work, we studied the induction of somatic embryogenesis in Arabidopsis using IZEs as explants. We characterized the process at the light and scanning electron microscope level and studied several specific aspects such as WUS expression, callose deposition, and principally Ca2+ [...] Read more.
In this work, we studied the induction of somatic embryogenesis in Arabidopsis using IZEs as explants. We characterized the process at the light and scanning electron microscope level and studied several specific aspects such as WUS expression, callose deposition, and principally Ca2+ dynamics during the first stages of the process of embryogenesis induction, by confocal FRET analysis with an Arabidopsis line expressing a cameleon calcium sensor. We also performed a pharmacological study with a series of chemicals know to alter calcium homeostasis (CaCl2, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, ionophore A23187, EGTA), the calcium–calmodulin interaction (chlorpromazine, W-7), and callose deposition (2-deoxy-D-glucose). We showed that, after determination of the cotiledonary protrusions as embryogenic regions, a finger-like appendix may emerge from the shoot apical region and somatic embryos are produced from the WUS-expressing cells of the appendix tip. Ca2+ levels increase and callose is deposited in the cells of the regions where somatic embryos will be formed, thereby constituting early markers of the embryogenic regions. We also found that Ca2+ homeostasis in this system is strictly maintained and cannot be altered to modulate embryo production, as shown for other systems. Together, these results contribute to a better knowledge and understanding of the process of induction of somatic embryos in this system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stress-Induced Embryogenesis in Plants)
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Review

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15 pages, 3281 KiB  
Review
Apoplastic and Symplasmic Markers of Somatic Embryogenesis
by Ewa Kurczynska and Kamila Godel-Jędrychowska
Plants 2023, 12(10), 1951; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12101951 - 11 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1292
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a process that scientists have been trying to understand for many years because, on the one hand, it is a manifestation of the totipotency of plant cells, so it enables the study of the mechanisms regulating this process, and, [...] Read more.
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a process that scientists have been trying to understand for many years because, on the one hand, it is a manifestation of the totipotency of plant cells, so it enables the study of the mechanisms regulating this process, and, on the other hand, it is an important method of plant propagation. Using SE in basic research and in practice is invaluable. This article describes the latest, but also historical, information on changes in the chemical composition of the cell wall during the transition of cells from the somatic to embryogenic state, and the importance of symplasmic communication during SE. Among wall chemical components, different pectic, AGP, extensin epitopes, and lipid transfer proteins have been discussed as potential apoplastic markers of explant cells during the acquisition of embryogenic competence. The role of symplasmic communication/isolation during SE has also been discussed, paying particular attention to the formation of symplasmic domains within and between cells that carry out different developmental processes. Information about the number and functionality of plasmodesmata (PD) and callose deposition as the main player in symplasmic isolation has also been presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stress-Induced Embryogenesis in Plants)
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