The Environmental Stress Physiology of Plants

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Physiology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2024 | Viewed by 783

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
Interests: how plants acclimate to abiotic stress conditions in their environment through adjustments in photosynthetic efficiency, growth and ion uptake rates; the mechanisms behind adaptation to elevated heavy metal concentrations in the soil, both naturally occurring (serpentine) and from anthropogenic sources (phytoremediation); how salt-tolerant species can be used in adapting our agricultural systems for the future under current climate projections

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Given the sessile nature of plants, it is essential that they are able to adapt to fluctuations in abiotic resources in their environment to survive. Climate change is amplifying abiotic stress conditions, with significant shifts in temperature regimes, exacerbated drought conditions, increasing soil salinity and greater instability in resource availability. Through studies of drought, salt and temperature stress tolerance, we know that plants may alter their primary and secondary metabolism and make physiological and morphological adjustments to cope to a certain degree. Complex networks of chemical and hormonal signaling and changes in gene expression provide insight into the factors that may determine stress tolerance and sensitivity. In many instances, these responses are mediated or augmented by interactions with microbial communities both below- and aboveground. While this adds to the complexity of the response observed, it also highlights the role that interconnectivity between organisms may play in mediating the response. To maintain a secure food supply and guide conservation efforts, it is essential to determine the thresholds of the physiological response of plants to extremes in abiotic factors in the context of their full biotic and abiotic niche. This Special Issue of Plants will feature research on the physiology response of plants to a wide range of environmental stresses, including temperature, drought, salinity, light, heavy metals and other anthropogenic contaminants. Studies using multidisciplinary techniques to investigate mechanisms of tolerance (biochemical, molecular) and those demonstrating interactions between plants and microbiota to combat environmental stress factors are especially welcome.

Dr. Emily Rose Palm
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • abiotic stress
  • genomics
  • growth regulation
  • metabolomics
  • phyllosphere physiological adaptation
  • primary metabolism
  • secondary metabolism
  • signaling networks
  • soil microbiome

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 2886 KiB  
Article
Changes in Photosystem II Complex and Physiological Activities in Pea and Maize Plants in Response to Salt Stress
by Martin A. Stefanov, Georgi D. Rashkov, Preslava B. Borisova and Emilia L. Apostolova
Plants 2024, 13(7), 1025; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13071025 - 03 Apr 2024
Viewed by 613
Abstract
Salt stress significantly impacts the functions of the photosynthetic apparatus, with varying degrees of damage to its components. Photosystem II (PSII) is more sensitive to environmental stresses, including salinity, than photosystem I (PSI). This study investigated the effects of different salinity levels (0 [...] Read more.
Salt stress significantly impacts the functions of the photosynthetic apparatus, with varying degrees of damage to its components. Photosystem II (PSII) is more sensitive to environmental stresses, including salinity, than photosystem I (PSI). This study investigated the effects of different salinity levels (0 to 200 mM NaCl) on the PSII complex in isolated thylakoid membranes from hydroponically grown pea (Pisum sativum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) plants treated with NaCl for 5 days. The data revealed that salt stress inhibits the photochemical activity of PSII (H2O → BQ), affecting the energy transfer between the pigment–protein complexes of PSII (as indicated by the fluorescence emission ratio F695/F685), QA reoxidation, and the function of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). These processes were more significantly affected in pea than in maize under salinity. Analysis of the oxygen evolution curves after flashes and continuous illumination showed a stronger influence on the PSIIα than PSIIβ centers. The inhibition of oxygen evolution was associated with an increase in misses (α), double hits (β), and blocked centers (SB) and a decrease in the rate constant of turnover of PSII reaction centers (KD). Salinity had different effects on the two pathways of QA reoxidation in maize and pea. In maize, the electron flow from QA- to plastoquinone was dominant after treatment with higher NaCl concentrations (150 mM and 200 mM), while in pea, the electron recombination on QAQB- with oxidized S2 (or S3) of the OEC was more pronounced. Analysis of the 77 K fluorescence emission spectra revealed changes in the ratio of the light-harvesting complex of PSII (LHCII) monomers and trimers to LHCII aggregates after salt treatment. There was also a decrease in pigment composition and an increase in oxidative stress markers, membrane injury index, antioxidant activity (FRAP assay), and antiradical activity (DPPH assay). These effects were more pronounced in pea than in maize after treatment with higher NaCl concentrations (150 mM–200 mM). This study provides insights into how salinity influences the processes in the donor and acceptor sides of PSII in plants with different salt sensitivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Environmental Stress Physiology of Plants)
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