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Induced Resistance of Plants
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Induced Resistance of Plants

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Protection and Biotic Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2023) | Viewed by 11697

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Begonya Vicedo

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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Area of Plant physiology. Department of agricultural sciences Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellon, Spain
Interests: plant microbiology; plant–microbe interaction; plant protection; induced resistance; microbiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Loredana Maria Scalschi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Escuela Superior de Tecnología y Ciencias Experimentales (ESTCE), Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
Interests: microbiology; antimicrobial proteins; plant microbe interaction; plant protection; induced resistance; nitrogen fixation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ana Isabel González-Hernández

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Escuela Politécnica Superior de Zamora, Departamento Construcción y Agronomía, Universidad de Salamanca, 49002 Zamora, Spain
Interests: polyamines; nitrogen; induced resistance; tomato pseudomonas; climate change; wheat
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is well known that plants have developed a wide variety of defense mechanisms in order to protect themselves against different stressors such as pathogens. These defense mechanisms can be constituted by pre-formed barriers or inducible responses when defense is activated upon detection of a pathogen attack. This so-called basal resistance or innate immunity, which is regulated by a complex signaling and transcriptional network, protects the plant against a wide array of pathogens. The plant hormones ethylene (ET), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA) play a major regulatory role in plant immune responses. In addition, induced resistance is the phenomenon in which a plant, once appropriately stimulated, either by biological or chemical inducers, exhibits enhanced resistance against a future attack by pathogenic microbes and herbivorous insects. Induced resistance can be localized as well as systemic and can be triggered by limited pathogen infection, colonization of the roots by specific beneficial microbes, or after treatment with specific chemicals. Generally, induced resistance confers an enhanced level of protection against a broad spectrum of attackers.

Therefore, the aim of this Special Issue is to review and discuss novel contributions of the mechanisms regulating plant-induced resistance against biotic stress by natural or chemical compounds, as well as their mode of action based on transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and microRNAs analysis, contributing to sustainable agriculture. 

Dr. Begonya Vicedo
Dr. Loredana Maria Scalschi
Dr. Ana Isabel González-Hernández
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • induced resistance
  • biotic stress
  • proteomic
  • transcriptomic
  • metabolomic
  • microRNAs

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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30 pages, 5120 KiB  
Article
Seed Treatment with Electromagnetic Field Induces Different Effects on Emergence, Growth and Profiles of Biochemical Compounds in Seven Half-Sib Families of Silver Birch
by Ieva Čėsnienė, Diana Miškelytė, Vitalij Novickij, Vida Mildažienė and Vaida Sirgedaitė-Šėžienė
Plants 2023, 12(17), 3048; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12173048 - 24 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1492
Abstract
In the context of climate change, strategies aimed at enhancing trees’ resistance to biotic and abiotic stress are particularly relevant. We applied an electromagnetic field (EMF) seed treatment to observe changes in the establishment and content of biochemical compounds in silver birch seedlings [...] Read more.
In the context of climate change, strategies aimed at enhancing trees’ resistance to biotic and abiotic stress are particularly relevant. We applied an electromagnetic field (EMF) seed treatment to observe changes in the establishment and content of biochemical compounds in silver birch seedlings induced by a short (1 min) seed exposure to a physical stressor. The impact of EMF treatment was evaluated on seedling emergence and growth of one-year-old and two-year-old seedlings from seven half-sib families of silver birch. The effects on numerous biochemical parameters in seedling leaves, such as total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), amounts of photosynthetic pigments, total soluble sugars (TSS), level of lipid peroxidation level, antioxidant activity and activity of antioxidant enzymes, were compared using spectrophotometric methods. The results indicated that, in one-year-old seedlings, two of seven (60th and 73rd) half-sib families exhibited a positive response to seed treatment with EMFs in nearly all analyzed parameters. For example, in the 60th family, seed treatment with EMFs increased the percentage of emergence by 3 times, one-year-old seedling height by 71%, leaf TPC by 47%, antioxidant activity by 2 times and amount of chlorophyll a by 4.6 times. Meanwhile, the other two (86th and 179th) families exhibited a more obvious positive response to EMF in two-year-old seedlings as compared to one-year-old seedling controls. The results revealed that short-term EMF treatment of silver birch seeds can potentially be used to improve seedling emergence and growth and increase the content of secondary metabolites, antioxidant capacity and photosynthetic pigments. Understanding of the impact of EMFs as well as the influence of genetic differences on tree responses can be significant for practical applications in forestry. Genetic selection of plant genotypes that exhibit positive response trends can open the way to improve the quality of forest stands. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Induced Resistance of Plants)
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12 pages, 1949 KiB  
Communication
Resistance Inducers for the Protection of Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur L.) Seedlings against Powdery Mildew Erysiphe alphitoides
by Krzysztof Turczański, Marta Bełka, Maciej Spychalski, Rafal Kukawka, Raghavendra Prasad and Marcin Smiglak
Plants 2023, 12(3), 635; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030635 - 01 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1376
Abstract
Oak powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe alphitoides (Griffon and Maubl.; U. Braun & S. Takam.) is a common disease in European forests. One of the most susceptible species is the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.). Presently, a few methods are available to [...] Read more.
Oak powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe alphitoides (Griffon and Maubl.; U. Braun & S. Takam.) is a common disease in European forests. One of the most susceptible species is the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.). Presently, a few methods are available to control powdery mildew, e.g., the use of fungicides (e.g., based on citric acid), antagonistic fungi or bacteria, chemical treatments (e.g., sulphur, potassium bicarbonate) or genetic resistance. In our study, we aimed to check the effects of using chitosan derivatives and novel active substances inducing the plants’ natural resistance: benzodiathiadiazole (both in neutral and salt form). 84 pedunculate oak seedlings were subjected to the experiment in three treatment variants (plus positive and negative controls). The plants were treated with active substances and inoculated with E. alphitoides. Although the powdery mildew symptoms appeared in all variants, they were manifested mainly by the mycelium in the form of small spots. The experiment indicated that the highest limitation of powdery mildew mycelium was achieved by applying N-methyl-N-methoxyamide-7-carboxybenzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole (BTHWA). The application of BTHWA reduced disease development by 88.9% when compared to the effects of the other variants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Induced Resistance of Plants)
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18 pages, 3592 KiB  
Article
Genotype-Dependent Jasmonic Acid Effect on Pinus sylvestris L. Growth and Induced Systemic Resistance Indicators
by Emilija Beniušytė, Ieva Čėsnienė, Vaida Sirgedaitė-Šėžienė and Dorotėja Vaitiekūnaitė
Plants 2023, 12(2), 255; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12020255 - 05 Jan 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1758
Abstract
Due to temperature changes, forests are expected to encounter more stress than before, both in terms of biotic factors, such as increased insect attacks, and abiotic factors, such as more frequent droughts. Priming trees to respond to these changes faster and more effectively [...] Read more.
Due to temperature changes, forests are expected to encounter more stress than before, both in terms of biotic factors, such as increased insect attacks, and abiotic factors, such as more frequent droughts. Priming trees to respond to these changes faster and more effectively would be beneficial. Induced systemic resistance (ISR) is a mechanism that is turned on when plants encounter unfavorable conditions. Certain elicitors, such as jasmonic acid (JA) are known to induce plants’ metabolic response. However, even though studies on ISR in herbaceous species are common and varied ISR elicitors can be used in agriculture, the same cannot be said about trees and forestry enterprises. We aimed to investigate whether JA used in different concentrations could induce metabolic changes (total phenol content, total flavonoid content, photosynthesis pigment content, antioxidant enzyme activity) in Pinus sylvestris seedlings and how this varies between different pine half-sib families (genotypes). After six weeks with a single application of JA, pine seedlings in several pine genetic families exhibited increased antioxidant enzyme activity, total phenol content and carotenoid content that correlated positively with JA concentrations used. Results from other genetic families were varied, but in many cases, there was a significant response to JA, with a noticeable increase as compared to the unaffected group. The impact on chlorophyll content and flavonoids was less noticeable overall. A positive effect on seedling growth parameters was not observed in any of the test cases. We conclude that JA can induce systemic resistance after a single application exogenously in P. sylvestris seedlings and recommend that the use of JA needs to be optimized by selecting appropriate concentrations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Induced Resistance of Plants)
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11 pages, 1537 KiB  
Communication
A New Benzothiadiazole Derivative with Systemic Acquired Resistance Activity in the Protection of Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo convar. giromontiina) against Viral and Fungal Pathogens
by Maciej Spychalski, Rafal Kukawka, Raghavendra Prasad, Natasza Borodynko-Filas, Sylwia Stępniewska-Jarosz, Krzysztof Turczański and Marcin Smiglak
Plants 2023, 12(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12010043 - 22 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1521
Abstract
The ability of plant resistance inducers to provide protection against viral diseases is one of their main advantages over conventional pesticides. In the case of viral diseases that cannot be controlled directly with pesticides, insecticides are used to control the vectors of viruses. [...] Read more.
The ability of plant resistance inducers to provide protection against viral diseases is one of their main advantages over conventional pesticides. In the case of viral diseases that cannot be controlled directly with pesticides, insecticides are used to control the vectors of viruses. However, the effectiveness of such treatments is strictly dependent on the time of application. The plant response to the application of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) inducers, as a result of the stimulating action of these substances, does not depend on the time of application as it triggers the plant’s natural defence mechanism. The best-recognised substance showing SAR inducer activity is acibenzolar-S-methyl ester (ASM, BTH). As its activity against different plant pathogens of crops has been well documented, the current research is concentrated on the search for novel substances of the type. The tested substance, N-methoxy-N-methylbenzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carboxamide (BTHWA), is an amide derivative of benzothiadiazole, showing plant resistance-inducing activity. This article presents the activity of BTHWA that has led to increased resistance of zucchini (Cucurbita pepo convar. giromontiina) towards viral infections. In addition, since the occurrence of the fungal pathogen, powdery mildew, was also observed during the two-year field experiments, the activity of BTHWA related to the reduction of infection with this fungus was also investigated. The substance was applied in two different variants either four or eight times, over the whole vegetation season. Surprisingly, the variant of four applications performed at the beginning of the vegetation season proved more effective in protection against viruses and fungus. A possible explanation may be the occurrence of the growth–immunity trade-off phenomenon that is known in the literature. Disturbance in plant metabolism resulting from eight applications may lead to lower yields of plants treated with SAR inducers. Perhaps such overstimulation of the plants we treated eight times may not have brought the optimum increase in plant resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Induced Resistance of Plants)
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16 pages, 5357 KiB  
Article
Development of a High-Density Genetic Map for Muscadine Grape Using a Mapping Population from Selfing of the Perfect-Flowered Vine ‘Dixie’
by Kirill Lytkin, Vasily Nosulchak, Magamedgusein Agakhanov, Elena Matveikina, Ekaterina Lushchay, Dmitry Karzhaev, Evgenii Raines, Irina Vasylyk, Nataliya Rybachenko, Elizaveta Grigoreva, Vladimir Volkov, Vladimir Volynkin, Laurent Gentzbittel and Elena Potokina
Plants 2022, 11(23), 3231; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11233231 - 25 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1475
Abstract
Intraspecific diversity of the immune grape Muscadinia rotundifolia Michaux. can serve as a rich source of valuable resistance loci to the most widespread pathogens and pests of grapevine. While only one Run1/Rpg1 resistance locus has been introgressed from M. rotundifolia to the Vitis [...] Read more.
Intraspecific diversity of the immune grape Muscadinia rotundifolia Michaux. can serve as a rich source of valuable resistance loci to the most widespread pathogens and pests of grapevine. While only one Run1/Rpg1 resistance locus has been introgressed from M. rotundifolia to the Vitis vinifera gene pool, a number of other genes conferring resistance to powdery mildew and downy mildew have been identified in various Muscadinia cultivars. A larger introduction of Muscadinia varieties to the European continent would greatly facilitate experiments of interspecific crosses as well as stimulate biotechnological efforts to overcome the main barrier to F1 fertility caused by the differences in chromosome number. For the successful introduction of Muscadinia into the new European environment, it is necessary to overcome the difficulties associated with the physiological characteristics of the species, such as insufficient cold tolerance and very late fruit ripening. To facilitate the further discovery of valuable loci in Muscadinia and their transfer to grapevine breeding programs, we constructed a high-density linkage map using an S1 mapping population obtained from the self-pollination of M. rotundifolia cv. Dixie maintained on the southern coast of Crimea. Using ddRADseq, 3730 SNPs were ordered across 20 linkage groups spanning 2753.6 cM of the total map length. No segregation in resistance to diseases and pests was observed among the ‘Dixie’ S1 population, suggesting the presence of homozygous non-segregating resistant loci in the genetic background of ‘Dixie’. Markers with high segregation distortion showed a bias towards chromosomal intervals on linkage groups 10 and 20, where loci affecting the survival of ‘Dixie’ S1 progeny may be localized. QTLs with significant additive and dominance effects were discovered on LG14 and LG18, affecting the morphological traits associated with the vigor of growth and adaptability of young Muscadinia vines in the conditions of Crimea. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Induced Resistance of Plants)
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Review

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12 pages, 1127 KiB  
Review
Prevention of Stomatal Entry as a Strategy for Plant Disease Control against Foliar Pathogenic Pseudomonas Species
by Nanami Sakata and Yasuhiro Ishiga
Plants 2023, 12(3), 590; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030590 - 29 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3081
Abstract
The genus Pseudomonas includes some of the most problematic and studied foliar bacterial pathogens. Generally, in a successful disease cycle there is an initial epiphytic lifestyle on the leaf surface and a subsequent aggressive endophytic stage inside the leaf apoplast. Leaf-associated bacterial pathogens [...] Read more.
The genus Pseudomonas includes some of the most problematic and studied foliar bacterial pathogens. Generally, in a successful disease cycle there is an initial epiphytic lifestyle on the leaf surface and a subsequent aggressive endophytic stage inside the leaf apoplast. Leaf-associated bacterial pathogens enter intercellular spaces and internal leaf tissues by natural surface opening sites, such as stomata. The stomatal crossing is complex and dynamic, and functional genomic studies have revealed several virulence factors required for plant entry. Currently, treatments with copper-containing compounds, where authorized and admitted, and antibiotics are commonly used against bacterial plant pathogens. However, strains resistant to these chemicals occur in the fields. Therefore, the demand for alternative control strategies has been increasing. This review summarizes efficient strategies to prevent bacterial entry. Virulence factors required for entering the leaf in plant-pathogenic Pseudomonas species are also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Induced Resistance of Plants)
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