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Plants
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Mechanisms of Embryo and Endosperm Development in Plants
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Mechanisms of Embryo and Endosperm Development in Plants

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Cell Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2023) | Viewed by 8937

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Chun-Ming Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Interests: seed development; peptide signalling; endosperm and embryo development; endosperm cellularization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The invention of a diploid embryo and a triploid endosperm in the seed, produced after double fertilization, allows angiosperm species to concur and to be dominant on earth. The division of the zygote, the establishment of the apical and basal polarity, the formation of organ pattern, the differentiation of various tissues in the embryo, and the maturation and establishment of dormancy are critical events occurred during embryo development. In parallel, the endosperm goes through a process of coenocytic nuclear division, the cellularization, and differentiation of different functional domains, the interaction between embryo and endosperm, and the accumulations of storage products and the programmed cell death in endosperm. Research and review articles intended to be published in this special issue are provide mechanistic understanding any of the topics list above, either for monocots or discots species, or both.

Prof. Dr. Chun-Ming Liu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • molecular genetics
  • embryogenesis
  • polarity
  • pattern formation
  • seed dormancy
  • endosperm development
  • embryo-endosperm interaction

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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30 pages, 13195 KiB  
Article
Dissection of Developmental Programs and Regulatory Modules Directing Endosperm Transfer Cell and Aleurone Identity in the Syncytial Endosperm of Barley
by Christian Hertig, Twan Rutten, Michael Melzer, Jos H. M. Schippers and Johannes Thiel
Plants 2023, 12(8), 1594; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12081594 - 10 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2226
Abstract
Endosperm development in barley starts with the formation of a multinucleate syncytium, followed by cellularization in the ventral part of the syncytium generating endosperm transfer cells (ETCs) as first differentiating subdomain, whereas aleurone (AL) cells will originate from the periphery of the enclosing [...] Read more.
Endosperm development in barley starts with the formation of a multinucleate syncytium, followed by cellularization in the ventral part of the syncytium generating endosperm transfer cells (ETCs) as first differentiating subdomain, whereas aleurone (AL) cells will originate from the periphery of the enclosing syncytium. Positional signaling in the syncytial stage determines cell identity in the cereal endosperm. Here, we performed a morphological analysis and employed laser capture microdissection (LCM)-based RNA-seq of the ETC region and the peripheral syncytium at the onset of cellularization to dissect developmental and regulatory programs directing cell specification in the early endosperm. Transcriptome data revealed domain-specific characteristics and identified two-component signaling (TCS) and hormone activities (auxin, ABA, ethylene) with associated transcription factors (TFs) as the main regulatory links for ETC specification. On the contrary, differential hormone signaling (canonical auxin, gibberellins, cytokinin) and interacting TFs control the duration of the syncytial phase and timing of cellularization of AL initials. Domain-specific expression of candidate genes was validated by in situ hybridization and putative protein–protein interactions were confirmed by split-YFP assays. This is the first transcriptome analysis dissecting syncytial subdomains of cereal seeds and provides an essential framework for initial endosperm differentiation in barley, which is likely also valuable for comparative studies with other cereal crops. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanisms of Embryo and Endosperm Development in Plants)
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Review

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16 pages, 2760 KiB  
Review
Insights into the Functional Components in Wheat Grain: Spatial Pattern, Underlying Mechanism and Cultivation Regulation
by Yingxin Zhong, Yuhua Chen, Mingsheng Pan, Hengtong Wang, Jiayu Sun, Yang Chen, Jian Cai, Qin Zhou, Xiao Wang and Dong Jiang
Plants 2023, 12(11), 2192; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12112192 - 31 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1703
Abstract
Wheat is a staple crop; its production must achieve both high yield and good quality due to worldwide demands for food security and better quality of life. It has been found that the grain qualities vary greatly within the different layers of wheat [...] Read more.
Wheat is a staple crop; its production must achieve both high yield and good quality due to worldwide demands for food security and better quality of life. It has been found that the grain qualities vary greatly within the different layers of wheat kernels. In this paper, the spatial distributions of protein and its components, starch, dietary fiber, and microelements are summarized in detail. The underlying mechanisms regarding the formation of protein and starch, as well as spatial distribution, are discussed from the views of substrate supply and the protein and starch synthesis capacity. The regulating effects of cultivation practices on gradients in composition are identified. Finally, breakthrough solutions for exploring the underlying mechanisms of the spatial gradients of functional components are presented. This paper will provide research perspectives for producing wheat that is both high in yield and of good quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanisms of Embryo and Endosperm Development in Plants)
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15 pages, 2053 KiB  
Review
The Roads to Haploid Embryogenesis
by Kun Shen, Mengxue Qu and Peng Zhao
Plants 2023, 12(2), 243; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12020243 - 5 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4275
Abstract
Although zygotic embryogenesis is usually studied in the field of seed biology, great attention has been paid to the methods used to generate haploid embryos due to their applications in crop breeding. These mainly include two methods for haploid embryogenesis: in vitro microspore [...] Read more.
Although zygotic embryogenesis is usually studied in the field of seed biology, great attention has been paid to the methods used to generate haploid embryos due to their applications in crop breeding. These mainly include two methods for haploid embryogenesis: in vitro microspore embryogenesis and in vivo haploid embryogenesis. Although microspore culture systems and maize haploid induction systems were discovered in the 1960s, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying haploid formation. In recent years, major breakthroughs have been made in in vivo haploid induction systems, and several key factors, such as the matrilineal (MTL), baby boom (BBM), domain of unknown function 679 membrane protein (DMP), and egg cell-specific (ECS) that trigger in vivo haploid embryo production in both the crops and Arabidopsis models have been identified. The discovery of these haploid inducers indicates that haploid embryogenesis is highly related to gamete development, fertilization, and genome stability in ealry embryos. Here, based on recent efforts to identify key players in haploid embryogenesis and to understand its molecular mechanisms, we summarize the different paths to haploid embryogenesis, and we discuss the mechanisms of haploid generation and its potential applications in crop breeding. Although these haploid-inducing factors could assist egg cells in bypassing fertilization to initiate embryogenesis or trigger genome elimination in zygotes after fertilization to form haploid embryos, the fertilization of central cells to form endosperms is a prerequisite step for haploid formation. Deciphering the molecular and cellular mechanisms for haploid embryogenesis, increasing the haploid induction efficiency, and establishing haploid induction systems in other crops are critical for promoting the application of haploid technology in crop breeding, and these should be addressed in further studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanisms of Embryo and Endosperm Development in Plants)
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