The Core ABA Signaling

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Cell Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 8008

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Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
Interests: plant plasticity; stress signaling; hormonal integration
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Dear Colleagues,

Plants are sessile organisms with a fascinating capacity to adapt to adverse environmental conditions, including different ABA-related abiotic stresses such as drought, high salt content in the soil, and extreme temperatures, which pose serious limitations to plant growth, reducing crop productivity between 50% and 80%. This is aggravated by the necessity to increase global crop yields by 70% to meet the demands of a constantly growing world population (9 billion people in 2050). In this regard, the development of plant varieties with improved abiotic stress tolerance could significantly increase agricultural production.

The ABA signaling pathway is essential for the regulation of plant growth and its adaptation to environmental stresses, so this process is a major target for the improvement of abiotic stress resistance in crops. In 2009, a breakthrough in ABA signaling was achieved with the discovery of ABA receptors as well as the close connection among core components of ABA signaling: the PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors, the type 2C phosphatases (PP2Cs) ABA co-receptors, and the subgroup III Snf1-related protein kinases 2 (SnRK2s). However, despite our increasing knowledge on ABA signaling, new regulatory mechanisms of the pathway are emerging. Furthermore, although some of these core elements were also identified in other plant species such as rice and maize, extensive research on the characterization of the ABA core components in these and additional crop plants is strongly demanding. This Special Issue on “The Core ABA Signaling” welcomes original research papers about molecular insights regarding the ABA receptors, PP2Cs and the SnRK2s, including their description in other plant species. The Special Issue also welcomes revision works concerning the ABA core components encouraging those of high importance to improve agricultural production.

Dr. Borja Belda-Palazón
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 1447 KiB  
Article
Abscisic Acid’s Role in the Modulation of Compounds that Contribute to Wine Quality
by Rodrigo Alonso, Federico J. Berli, Ariel Fontana, Patricia Piccoli and Rubén Bottini
Plants 2021, 10(5), 938; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10050938 - 8 May 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2111
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in the plant responses to environmental signals, in particular by triggering secondary metabolism. High-altitude vineyards in Mendoza, Argentina, are exposed to elevated solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) levels and moderate water deficits (WD), thus producing grapevine berries with [...] Read more.
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in the plant responses to environmental signals, in particular by triggering secondary metabolism. High-altitude vineyards in Mendoza, Argentina, are exposed to elevated solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) levels and moderate water deficits (WD), thus producing grapevine berries with high enological quality for red winemaking. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and phenolic compounds (PCs) accumulate in the berry skins, possess antioxidant activity, and are important attributes for red wine. The aim of the present study was to analyze the role of ABA in the modulation of these compounds in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Malbec wines by comparing the independent and interactive effects of UV-B, WD, and ABA. Two UV-B treatments (ambient solar UV-B or reduced UV-B), two watering treatments (well-watered or moderate water deficit) and two ABA treatments (no ABA and sprayed ABA) were given in a factorial design during one growing season. Sprayed ABA, alone and/or in combination with UV-B (specially) and WD (to a lower degree) increased low molecular weight polyphenols (LMWP), anthocyanins, but most noticeably the stilbenes trans-resveratrol and piceid. Under these treatments, VOCs were scarcely affected, and the antioxidant capacity was influenced by the combination of UV-B and WD. From a technological point of view, ABA applications may be an effective vineyard management tool, considering that it elicited a higher content of compounds beneficial for wine aging, as well compounds related to color. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Core ABA Signaling)
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16 pages, 2507 KiB  
Article
OsKEAP1 Interacts with OsABI5 and Its Downregulation Increases the Transcription of OsABI5 and the ABA Response Genes in Germinating Rice Seeds
by Yan-Hua Liu, Meng Jiang, Rui-Qing Li, Jian-Zhong Huang and Qing-Yao Shu
Plants 2021, 10(3), 527; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10030527 - 11 Mar 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2133
Abstract
Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)–nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is the key antioxidant system in animals. In a previous study, we identified a probable KEAP1 ortholog in rice, OsKEAP1, and demonstrated that the downregulation of OsKEAP1 could alter the redox system and [...] Read more.
Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)–nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is the key antioxidant system in animals. In a previous study, we identified a probable KEAP1 ortholog in rice, OsKEAP1, and demonstrated that the downregulation of OsKEAP1 could alter the redox system and impair plant growth, as well as increase the susceptibility to abscisic acid (ABA) in seed germination. However, no NRF2 orthologs have been identified in plants and the mechanism underlying the phenotype changes of downregulated oskeap1 mutants is yet unknown. An in silico search showed that OsABI5 is the gene that encodes a protein with the highest amino acid identity score (38.78%) to NRF2 in rice. In this study, we demonstrated that, via yeast two-hybrids analysis and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, OsKEAP1 interacted with OsABI5 via its Kelch repeat domain in the nucleus. In germinating seeds, the expression of OsKEAP1 was significantly downregulated in oskeap1-1 (39.5% that of the wild-type (WT)) and oskeap1-2 (64.5% that of WT), while the expression of OsABI5 was significantly increased only in oskeap1-1 (247.4% that of WT) but not in oskeap1-2 (104.8% that of WT). ABA (0.5 μM) treatment significantly increased the expression of OsKEAP1 and OsABI5 in both the oskeap1 mutants and WT, and 4 days post treatment, the transcription level of OsABI5 became significantly greater in oskeap1-1 (+87.2%) and oskeap1-2 (+55.0%) than that in the WT. The ABA-responsive genes (OsRab16A and three late embryogenesis abundant genes), which are known to be activated by OsABI5, became more responsive to ABA in both oskeap1 mutants than in the WT. The transcript abundances of genes that regulate OsABI5, e.g., OsSnRK2 (encodes a kinase that activates OsABI5), OsABI1, and OsABI2 (both encode proteins binding to OsSnRK2 and are involved in ABA signaling) were not significantly different between the two oskeap1 mutants and the WT. These results demonstrated that OsKEAP1 played a role in the ABA response in rice seed germination via regulating OsABI5, which is the key player in the ABA response. In-depth analyses of the components and their action mode of the KEAP1–NRF2 and ABA signaling pathways suggested that OsKEAP1 likely formed a complex with OsABI5 and OsKEG, and OsABI5 was ubiquitinated by OsKEG and subsequently degraded under physiological conditions; meanwhile, under oxidative stress or with increased an ABA level, OsABI5 was released from the complex, phosphorylated, and transactivated the ABA response genes. Therefore, OsKEAP1–OsABI5 bore some resemblance to KEAP1–NRF2 in terms of its function and working mechanism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Core ABA Signaling)
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Review

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22 pages, 25779 KiB  
Review
An Update on Crop ABA Receptors
by Rafael Ruiz-Partida, Sttefany M. Rosario and Jorge Lozano-Juste
Plants 2021, 10(6), 1087; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061087 - 28 May 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3181
Abstract
The hormone abscisic acid (ABA) orchestrates the plant stress response and regulates sophisticated metabolic and physiological mechanisms essential for survival in a changing environment. Plant ABA receptors were described more than 10 years ago, and a considerable amount of information is available for [...] Read more.
The hormone abscisic acid (ABA) orchestrates the plant stress response and regulates sophisticated metabolic and physiological mechanisms essential for survival in a changing environment. Plant ABA receptors were described more than 10 years ago, and a considerable amount of information is available for the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Unfortunately, this knowledge is still very limited in crops that hold the key to feeding a growing population. In this review, we summarize genomic, genetic and structural data obtained in crop ABA receptors. We also provide an update on ABA perception in major food crops, highlighting specific and common features of crop ABA receptors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Core ABA Signaling)
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