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Plants
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Chloroplast Protein Translocation
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Chloroplast Protein Translocation

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Cell Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 3061

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Steffen Reinbothe

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Laboratory of Environmental and Systems Biology, Grenoble‐Alpes‐University Grenoble, 38400 Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France
Interests: plant developmental biology; chloroplast biogenesis; tetrapyrroles; plant hormone action; abiotic stress responses
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chloroplasts are semi-autonomous cell organelles that contain only limited coding information in their own DNA and must consequently import most of their protein constituents from the cytosol. Multi-protein translocon complexes dubbed the TOC and TIC machineries have been identified in the outer and inner plastid envelope membranes that mediate the import of nucleus-encoded cytosolic plastid protein precursors. Different pathways then sort the imported proteins to their final destinations in the envelope, stroma or thylakoid membranes. Transit sequences play a decisive role in the import and sorting steps. However, recent work identified many chloroplast proteins lacking cleavable transit sequences. On the other hand, proteins have been identified that are dually targeted to both chloroplasts and mitochondria. Last but not least, some chloroplast proteins were suggested to pass the secretory pathway before finding their final destination. It is the aim of this Special Issue to provide insight into the growing number of chloroplast protein translocation pathways and mechanisms and to see what is common and what is unique if compared with other targeting pathways.

Dr. Steffen Reinbothe
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 4887 KiB  
Article
PRAT Proteins Operate in Organellar Protein Import and Export in Arabidopsis thaliana
by Claudia Rossig, John Gray, Oscar Valdes, Armin Springer, Sachin Rustgi, Diter von Wettstein, Christiane Reinbothe, Joachim Rassow and Steffen Reinbothe
Plants 2021, 10(5), 958; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10050958 - 11 May 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2531
Abstract
Chloroplasts need to import preproteins and amino acids from the cytosol during their light-induced differentiation. Similarly, chloroplasts have to export organic matter including proteins and amino acids during leaf senescence. Members of the PRAT (preprotein and amino acid transporter) family are candidate transporters [...] Read more.
Chloroplasts need to import preproteins and amino acids from the cytosol during their light-induced differentiation. Similarly, chloroplasts have to export organic matter including proteins and amino acids during leaf senescence. Members of the PRAT (preprotein and amino acid transporter) family are candidate transporters for both processes. Here, we defined the role of two small PRAT gene families, At4g26670 and At5g55510 (HP20 subfamily) versus At3g49560 and At5g24650 (HP30 subfamily) during greening of etiolated plants and during leaf senescence. Using a combination of reverse genetics, protein biochemistry and physiological tools, evidence was obtained for a role of chloroplast HP20, HP30 and HP30-2 in protein, but not amino acid, import into chloroplasts. HP20, HP30 and HP30-2 form larger complexes involved in the uptake of transit sequence-less cytosolic precursors. In addition, we identified a fraction of HP30-2 in mitochondria where it served a similar function as found for chloroplasts and operated in the uptake of transit sequence-less cytosolic precursor proteins. By contrast, HP22 was found to act in the export of proteins from chloroplasts during leaf senescence, and thus its role is entirely different from that of its orthologue, HP20. HP22 is part of a unique protein complex in the envelope of senescing chloroplasts that comprises at least 11 proteins and contains with HP65b (At5g55220) a protein that is related to the bacterial trigger factor chaperone. An ortholog of HP65b exists in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis and has previously been implicated in protein secretion. Whereas plants depleted of either HP22 or HP65b or even both were increasingly delayed in leaf senescence and retained much longer stromal chloroplast constituents than wild-type plants, HP22 overexpressors showed premature leaf senescence that was associated with accelerated losses of stromal chloroplast proteins. Together, our results identify the PRAT protein family as a unique system for importing and exporting proteins from chloroplasts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chloroplast Protein Translocation)
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