Plant Adaptations to Environmental Stresses

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Systems and Synthetic Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2023) | Viewed by 2718

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Interests: molecular biology; genetics; cell biology; plant physiology; plant abiotic and biotic stresses and tolerance mechanisms
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Guest Editor
Department of Biological Sciences, Al Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an P.O. Box 20, Jordan
Interests: plant physiology; plant abiotic and biotic stresses and tolerance mechanisms

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to invite you to submit short communications, research, or review articles to this Special Issue entitled “Plant adaptations to Environmental Stresses”.

Environmental stresses, both biotic (e.g., pests, viral, bacterial and fungal diseases) and abiotic (e.g., low or high temperatures, salinity and drought), have become a matter of debate due to complications regarding the consequences of climate change on world food safety, genetic diversity and plant resources. Plants have evolved several adaptation and survival strategies including molecular, biochemical and physiological responses, as well as morphological changes, to respond to various adverse environmental conditions. Plant adaptation to environmental stress requires several modifications in the plant metabolism, morphology, life cycle, etc. These modifications are mediated by various means, such as by the synthesis of functional and structural metabolites, the synthesis of a special class of phytohormones, or the regulation of cascades of genes and molecular networks. Pathways involving more familiar compounds are manipulated to produce stress-tolerant plants. Extremely tolerant plants possess a rich source of genes for introduction into other species to enhance stress tolerance. Therefore, learning about the molecular and biochemical mechanisms by which plants tolerate environmental stresses is crucial for genetic engineering practices to enlighten crop performance under stress.

This issue focuses on the impact of various environmental stresses on the development and growth of important plants, recent advancements in perspectives and mechanisms of plant adaptation and tolerance to various environmental stresses, and future approaches for alleviating the influence of these stresses and the improvement of crop production and yield.

Dr. Iftikhar Ali
Prof. Dr. Abdel Rahman Mohammad Said Al Tawaha
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • plant adaptive features to combat environmental stresses
  • plant–environment interaction
  • plant signaling cascades for stress tolerance
  • genetics approaches to produce stress-tolerant plants
  • impact of climate change on plant growth

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 3086 KiB  
Article
Changes in Profiles of Classes and of Individual Polyphenols in Leaves of Spiraea chamaedryfolia and Spiraea media along an Altitudinal Gradient
by Irina G. Boyarskikh, Igor A. Artemov, Alexander A. Kuznetsov and Vera A. Kostikova
Plants 2023, 12(16), 2977; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12162977 - 17 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 639
Abstract
Plants in high-altitude habitats are exposed to severe environmental stressors, including extreme temperatures and irradiation, which can have wide-ranging effects on changes of secondary-metabolite profiles in higher plants. Altitude-related variation of levels of polyphenols in organs of medicinal and food plant species has [...] Read more.
Plants in high-altitude habitats are exposed to severe environmental stressors, including extreme temperatures and irradiation, which can have wide-ranging effects on changes of secondary-metabolite profiles in higher plants. Altitude-related variation of levels of polyphenols in organs of medicinal and food plant species has not yet been investigated sufficiently. This study was focused on variation in quantitative profiles of classes and of individual biologically active phenolic compounds in leaf extracts of resource species Spiraea chamaedryfolia and Spiraea media from the family Rosaceae in coenopopulations of the Altai Mountains, along an altitudinal gradient. High-performance liquid chromatography revealed 22 polyphenolic compounds in the extracts of S. media leaves, with the main polyphenolic compounds being flavonols. Sixteen compounds were found in S. chamaedryfolia leaf extracts, and the major ones were flavonols and a flavanone. Opposite responses to changes in the altitude-associated growth conditions were documented for levels of some individual polyphenolic compounds. With an increase in altitude, concentrations of chlorogenic acid and of flavanone in the extracts of S. chamaedryfolia leaves significantly increased, while concentrations of cinnamic acid, astragalin, and kaempferol diminished. A statistically significant positive correlation between the altitude of plant habitats and total levels of polyphenols and phenolcarboxylic acids was detected. In leaf extracts from S. media, an altitude increase was significantly positively correlated with astragalin, avicularin, and cinnamic acid levels and negatively correlated with hyperoside concentration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Adaptations to Environmental Stresses)
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10 pages, 571 KiB  
Article
Comparative Coexpression Analysis of Indole Synthase and Tryptophan Synthase A Reveals the Independent Production of Auxin via the Cytosolic Free Indole
by Yousef M. Abu-Zaitoon, Ezz Al-Dein Muhammed Al-Ramamneh, Abdel Rahman Al Tawaha, Sulaiman M. Alnaimat and Fouad A. Almomani
Plants 2023, 12(8), 1687; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12081687 - 18 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1220
Abstract
Indole synthase (INS), a homologous cytosolic enzyme of the plastidal tryptophan synthase A (TSA), has been reported as the first enzyme in the tryptophan-independent pathway of auxin synthesis. This suggestion was challenged as INS or its free indole product may interact with tryptophan [...] Read more.
Indole synthase (INS), a homologous cytosolic enzyme of the plastidal tryptophan synthase A (TSA), has been reported as the first enzyme in the tryptophan-independent pathway of auxin synthesis. This suggestion was challenged as INS or its free indole product may interact with tryptophan synthase B (TSB) and, therefore, with the tryptophan-dependent pathway. Thus, the main aim of this research was to find out whether INS is involved in the tryptophan-dependent or independent pathway. The gene coexpression approach is widely recognized as an efficient tool to uncover functionally related genes. Coexpression data presented here were supported by both RNAseq and microarray platforms and, hence, considered reliable. Coexpression meta-analyses of Arabidopsis genome was implemented to compare between the coexpression of TSA and INS with all genes involved in the production of tryptophan via the chorismate pathway. Tryptophan synthase A was found to be coexpressed strongly with TSB1/2, anthranilate synthase A1/B1, phosphoribosyl anthranilate transferase1, as well as indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase1. However, INS was not found to be coexpressed with any target genes suggesting that it may exclusively and independently be involved in the tryptophan-independent pathway. Additionally, annotation of examined genes as ubiquitous or differentially expressed were described and subunits-encoded genes available for the assembly of tryptophan and anthranilate synthase complex were suggested. The most probable TSB subunits expected to interact with TSA is TSB1 then TSB2. Whereas TSB3 is only used under limited hormone conditions to assemble tryptophan synthase complex, putative TSB4 is not expected to be involved in the plastidial synthesis of tryptophan in Arabidopsis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Adaptations to Environmental Stresses)
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