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Photonics
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Quantum Optics: Science and Applications
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Quantum Optics: Science and Applications

A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732). This special issue belongs to the section "Quantum Photonics and Technologies".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 November 2023) | Viewed by 14631

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hua-Lei Yin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
Interests: quantum communication and information security; quantum blockchain and privacy protection; quantum algorithm and artificial intelligence; basic problems of quantum mechanics and quantum gravity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Peng Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Quantum Information and Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China
Interests: quantum optimal and continuous measurement; quantum feedback operation; superconducting qubits; quantum simulation; quantum computation
Dr. Jie Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Interests: quantum information; quantum optics; quantum metrology; optomechanical system; quantum driven system

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Quantum optics is one of the most successful attempts to study physical phenomena using quantum mechanics. As objects of study, the phenomenon of light and the interaction between light and matter on a submicroscopic scale possess wonderful microscopic properties. It is suitable to construct precise experiments and theories on these issues, which are the main tasks of quantum optics. With the deepening understanding and profound manipulation of the quantum properties of light, quantum optics has penetrated into other physical fields such as condensed matter physics and atomic physics and has become a reliable and delicate research means to investigate physical principles. From quantum information, quantum computation, and quantum simulation to quantum precision measurement, quantum communication, quantum optics has also developed practical applications close to our lives.

This Special Issue on “Quantum Optics” is attracting publications that report works roughly on these aspects:

  • Fundamental theory progress on quantum optics and interaction between light and matter, and/or experimental demonstration.
  • Quantum communication based on quantum properties of light;
  • Investigation and simulation of physical phenomena by designing optomechanical system;
  • Quantum metrology with quantum optical systems;
  • Quantum precision measurement based on properties of quantum optics;
  • Other applications of quantum optical principles.

Dr. Hua-Lei Yin
Dr. Peng Xu
Dr. Jie Chen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Photonics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • quantum optics
  • light-matter interfaces
  • optical field manipulation
  • quantum metrology
  • optomechanical system
  • quantum precision measurement
  • quantum key distribution
  • quantum communication

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 8742 KiB  
Article
Quantum Applications of an Atomic Ensemble Inside a Laser Cavity
by Andrei Ben Amar Baranga, Gennady A. Koganov, David Levron, Gabriel Bialolenker and Reuben Shuker
Photonics 2024, 11(1), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11010046 - 02 Jan 2024
Viewed by 968
Abstract
Many quantum device signals are proportional to the number of the participating atoms that take part in the detection devices. Among these are optical magnetometers, atomic clocks, quantum communications and atom interferometers. One way to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio is to introduce atom [...] Read more.
Many quantum device signals are proportional to the number of the participating atoms that take part in the detection devices. Among these are optical magnetometers, atomic clocks, quantum communications and atom interferometers. One way to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio is to introduce atom entanglement that increases the signal in a super-radiant-like effect. A coherent em field inside a laser cavity is suggested to achieve atoms’ correlation/entanglement. This may also play an important role in the basic quantum arena of many-body physics. An initial novel experiment to test the realization of atoms’ correlation is described here. A Cs optical magnetometer is used as a tool to test the operation of a cell-in-cavity laser and its characteristics. A vapor cell is inserted into an elongated external cavity of the pump laser in Littrow configuration. Higher atom polarization and reduced laser linewidth are obtained leading to better magnetometer sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio. The Larmor frequency changes of the Free Induction Decay of optically pumped Cs atomic polarization in the ambient earth magnetic field at room temperature is measured. Temporal changes in the magnetic field of less than 10 pT/√Hz are measured. The first-order dependence of the magnetic field on temperature and temperature gradients is eliminated, important in many practical applications. Single and gradiometric magnetometer configurations are presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Optics: Science and Applications)
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9 pages, 667 KiB  
Communication
Experimental Direct Measurement of the Relative Entropy of Coherence
by Xufeng Huang, Yuan Yuan, Yueping Niu and Shangqing Gong
Photonics 2023, 10(9), 1004; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10091004 - 02 Sep 2023
Viewed by 927
Abstract
Quantum coherence is the most distinguished feature of quantum mechanics, which characterizes the superposition properties of quantum states. It plays a critical role in various fields, ranging from quantum information technology to quantum biology. Although various coherence quantifiers have been proposed since the [...] Read more.
Quantum coherence is the most distinguished feature of quantum mechanics, which characterizes the superposition properties of quantum states. It plays a critical role in various fields, ranging from quantum information technology to quantum biology. Although various coherence quantifiers have been proposed since the resource theory of coherence was established, there are a lack of experimental methods to estimate them efficiently, which restricts the applications of coherence. Relative entropy of coherence is one of the main quantifiers of coherence, and is frequently used in quantum information science. Such nonlinear properties of quantum states are usually calculated from full descriptions of the quantum state, although they are not related to all parameters that specify the state. Here, we experimentally measure the relative entropy of coherence for the arbitrary qubit states directly in the photonic system without using standard state tomography. In the experiment, we directly measure the von Neumann entropy of the quantum states through interference, thus obtaining the relative entropy of coherence, and finding that the experimental results are in good agreement with the theory. Our work provides a nice alternative experimental scheme for measuring the relative entropy of coherence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Optics: Science and Applications)
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19 pages, 6137 KiB  
Article
Velocity Filtering Using Quantum 3D FFT
by Georgia Koukiou and Vassilis Anastassopoulos
Photonics 2023, 10(5), 483; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10050483 - 22 Apr 2023
Viewed by 903
Abstract
In this work, the quantum version of 3D FFT is proposed for constructing velocity filters. Velocity filters are desirable when we need to separate moving objects with a specific velocity range in amplitude and direction in a rapidly changing background. These filters are [...] Read more.
In this work, the quantum version of 3D FFT is proposed for constructing velocity filters. Velocity filters are desirable when we need to separate moving objects with a specific velocity range in amplitude and direction in a rapidly changing background. These filters are useful in many application fields, such as for monitoring regions for security reasons or inspecting processes in experimental physics. A faster and more attractive way to implement this filtering procedure is through 3D FFT instead of using 3D FIR filters. Additionally, 3D FFT provides the capability to create banks of ready-made filters with various characteristics. Thus, 3D filtering is carried out in the frequency domain by rejecting appropriate frequency bands according to the spectral content of the trajectory of the object to be isolated. The 3D FFT procedure and the corresponding inverse one are required in the beginning and end of the filtering process. Although 3D FFT is computationally effective, it becomes time-consuming when we need to process large data cubes. The implementation of velocity filters by means of the quantum version of 3D FFT is investigated in this work. All necessary quantum circuits and quantum procedures needed are presented in detail. This proposed quantum structure results in velocity filtering with a short execution time. For this purpose, a review of the necessary quantum computational units is presented for the implementation of quantum 3D FFT and representative examples of applications of velocity filtering are provided. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Optics: Science and Applications)
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14 pages, 980 KiB  
Article
Time-Varying Engineered Reservoir for the Improved Estimation of Atom-Cavity Coupling Strength
by Ye Xia, Weiming Guo and Zibo Miao
Photonics 2023, 10(2), 157; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10020157 - 02 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1031
Abstract
In this paper, we consider the application of quantum reservoir engineering in quantum metrology. More precisely, we are concerned with a system setup where a sequence of atoms constructing the “time-varying” quantum reservoir interact, in turn, with the trapped field in a cavity [...] Read more.
In this paper, we consider the application of quantum reservoir engineering in quantum metrology. More precisely, we are concerned with a system setup where a sequence of atoms constructing the “time-varying” quantum reservoir interact, in turn, with the trapped field in a cavity through the Jaynes–Cummings Hamiltonian. In particular, we were able to manipulate the initial states of reservoir atoms in order to enhance estimation precision regarding the coupling strength between each atom and the cavity (the coupling strength between each atom and the cavity was assumed to be identical). The novelty of this work lies in alternately preparing the atoms at two different states in a pairwise manner, such that the cavity could converge into a squeezed state with photonic loss to the environment taken into account. The control scheme proposed here thus leads to higher precision compared to the previous work where reservoir atoms were initialized at the same state, which drove the cavity to a coherent state. Detailed theoretical analysis and numerical simulations are also provided. In addition, this system setup and the associated control scheme are easily implemented for quantum metrology, since no entanglement is required for the preparation of atom states, and the final cavity state can stay steady. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Optics: Science and Applications)
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14 pages, 5590 KiB  
Article
Berry Phase of Two Impurity Qubits as a Signature of Dicke Quantum Phase Transition
by Wangjun Lu, Cuilu Zhai, Yan Liu, Yaju Song, Jibing Yuan and Shiqing Tang
Photonics 2022, 9(11), 844; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9110844 - 09 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1414
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the effect of the Dicke quantum phase transition on the Berry phase of the two impurity qubits. The two impurity qubits only have dispersive interactions with the optical field of the Dicke quantum system. Therefore, the two impurity [...] Read more.
In this paper, we investigate the effect of the Dicke quantum phase transition on the Berry phase of the two impurity qubits. The two impurity qubits only have dispersive interactions with the optical field of the Dicke quantum system. Therefore, the two impurity qubits do not affect the ground state energy of the Dicke Hamiltonian. We find that the Berry phase of the two impurity qubits has a sudden change at the Dicke quantum phase transition point. Therefore, the Berry phase of the two impurity qubits can be used as a phase transition signal for the Dicke quantum phase transition. In addition, the two impurity qubits change differently near the phase transition point at different times. We explain the reason for the different variations by studying the variation of the Berry phase of the two impurity qubits with the phase transition parameters and time. Finally, we investigated the variation of the Berry phases of the two impurity qubits with their initial conditions, and we found that their Berry phases also have abrupt changes with the initial conditions. Since the Dicke quantum phase transition is already experimentally executable, the research in this paper helps to provide a means for manipulating the Berry phase of the two impurity qubits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Optics: Science and Applications)
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13 pages, 1097 KiB  
Article
Measuring the pth-Order Correlation Function of Light Field via Two-Level Atoms
by Wangjun Lu, Cuilu Zhai and Shiqing Tang
Photonics 2022, 9(10), 727; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9100727 - 05 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1215
Abstract
In this paper, we present a method for measuring arbitrary-order correlation functions of the light field using a two-level atomic system. Theoretically, light field information should be mapped onto the atomic system after the light interacts with the atom. Therefore, we can measure [...] Read more.
In this paper, we present a method for measuring arbitrary-order correlation functions of the light field using a two-level atomic system. Theoretically, light field information should be mapped onto the atomic system after the light interacts with the atom. Therefore, we can measure the atomic system and thus obtain information about the light field. We study two typical models, the p-photon Jaynes–Cummings model, and the p-photon Tavis–Cummings model. In both models, we find that the pth-order correlation function of an unknown light field can be obtained by measuring the instantaneous change of energy of the two-level atoms with the aid of a known reference light field. Moreover, we find that the interactions other than the dipole interactions between light and atoms have no effect on the measurement results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Optics: Science and Applications)
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10 pages, 1998 KiB  
Communication
Kerr-Nonlinearity-Triggered Nonclassicality of Magnons in a Photon-Magnon Coupling System
by Xi Jiang, Shiqing Tang and Songsong Li
Photonics 2022, 9(10), 681; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9100681 - 21 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1244
Abstract
Hybrid quantum systems have attracted much attention due to the fact that they combine the advantages of different physical subsystems. Cavity QED (cavity quantum electrodynamics) with magnons is a hybrid quantum systems that combines a YIG (Yttrium Iron Garnet) sphere and a 3D [...] Read more.
Hybrid quantum systems have attracted much attention due to the fact that they combine the advantages of different physical subsystems. Cavity QED (cavity quantum electrodynamics) with magnons is a hybrid quantum systems that combines a YIG (Yttrium Iron Garnet) sphere and a 3D (three-dimensional) rectangular microwave cavity. Based on this hybrid photon-magnon system, we obtain an approximate analytic solution by the RWA (rotating wave approximation) with an ingenious transformation. After skillfully diagonalizing the Hamiltonian, we show that the Kerr-nonlinearity interactions could yield a negativity value of the Wigner function, periodic quadrature squeezing effects, antibunching property, and field nonclassicality in the magnon. Our work may stimulate the study of nonclassicality of photon-magnon coupling systems and its potential applications in quantum information processing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Optics: Science and Applications)
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15 pages, 1636 KiB  
Article
Transient and Fast Generation of Bose-Einstein-Condensate Macroscopic Quantum Superposition States via Impurity Catalysing
by Zhen Li and Wangjun Lu
Photonics 2022, 9(9), 622; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9090622 - 30 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1169
Abstract
Macroscopic quantum superposition is an important embodiment of the core of the quantum theory. The engineering of macroscopic quantum superposition states is the key to quantum communication and quantum computation. Thus, we present a theoretical proposal to engineer macroscopic quantum superposition (MQS) states [...] Read more.
Macroscopic quantum superposition is an important embodiment of the core of the quantum theory. The engineering of macroscopic quantum superposition states is the key to quantum communication and quantum computation. Thus, we present a theoretical proposal to engineer macroscopic quantum superposition (MQS) states of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) via impurity atoms. We firstly propose a deterministic generation scheme of transient multi-component MQS states of the BEC via impurity catalysing. It is found that the structure of the generated transient multi-component MQS states can be manipulated by the impurity number parity. Then, we illustrate the influence of impurity number parity on MQS states through three aspects: generation of approximately orthogonal continuous-variable cat states, manipulation of non-classicality in phase space, and switching of non-classical degree of BEC states. The influence of the BEC decoherence on the generation of MQS states is discussed by the fidelity between actually generated states and target states. Finally, the results show that the high-fidelity multi-component MQS states of the BEC can be fast generated by increasing the coherent interaction strength between impurities and the BEC in an open system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Optics: Science and Applications)
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12 pages, 2671 KiB  
Article
Implementation of Photonic Phase Gate and Squeezed States via a Two-Level Atom and Bimodal Cavity
by Shiqing Tang, Xi Jiang, Xinwen Wang and Xingdong Zhao
Photonics 2022, 9(8), 583; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9080583 - 18 Aug 2022
Viewed by 1428
Abstract
We propose a theoretical model for realizing a photonic two-qubit phase gate in cavity QED using a one-step process. The fidelity and probability of success of the conditional quantum phase gate is very high in the presence of cavity decay. Our scheme only [...] Read more.
We propose a theoretical model for realizing a photonic two-qubit phase gate in cavity QED using a one-step process. The fidelity and probability of success of the conditional quantum phase gate is very high in the presence of cavity decay. Our scheme only employs one two-level atom, and thus is much simpler than other schemes involving multi-level atoms. This proposal can also be applied to generate two-mode squeezed states; therefore, we give three examples, i.e., the two-mode squeezed vacuum state, two-mode squeezed odd coherent state, and two-mode squeezed even coherent state, to estimate the variance of Duan’s criterion when taking into account cavity decay. It is shown that the variance is smaller than 2 for the three squeezed states in most cases. Furthermore, we utilize logarithmic negativity to measure the entanglement, and find that these squeezed states have very high degrees of entanglement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Optics: Science and Applications)
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8 pages, 2214 KiB  
Article
Generation of Long-Term Stable Squeezed Vacuum States Using Dither-Locking Technique
by Daohua Wu, Yashuai Han, Xuehua Zhu and Zhuoliang Cao
Photonics 2022, 9(7), 472; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9070472 - 06 Jul 2022
Viewed by 1707
Abstract
We report the generation of long-term stable squeezed vacuum states at 1064 nm using a degenerate optical parametric amplifier (DOPA) with a periodically poled KTiOPO4 crystal (PPKTP). The OPA is pumped by a 532 nm light produced by frequency doubling the fundamental [...] Read more.
We report the generation of long-term stable squeezed vacuum states at 1064 nm using a degenerate optical parametric amplifier (DOPA) with a periodically poled KTiOPO4 crystal (PPKTP). The OPA is pumped by a 532 nm light produced by frequency doubling the fundamental light with a bow-tie enhancement second harmonic generator (SHG). When the DOPA and relative phases are locked using a dither-locking method, the squeezed vacuum states are stably measured over 2 h at 11 MHz. The highly compact and simple squeezed light source is suitable for applications in quantum optics experiments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Optics: Science and Applications)
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Review

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26 pages, 976 KiB  
Review
Quantum Correlation Resource Recycling via Sequential Measurements: Theoretical Models and Optical Experiments
by Xianzhi Huang, Liyao Zhan, Liang Li, Suhui Bao, Zipeng Tao and Jiayu Ying
Photonics 2023, 10(12), 1314; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10121314 - 28 Nov 2023
Viewed by 789
Abstract
Quantum correlation is a key resource for a variety of quantum information processing and communication tasks, the efficient utilization of which has been a longstanding concern, and it is also one of the main challenges in the application of quantum technology. In this [...] Read more.
Quantum correlation is a key resource for a variety of quantum information processing and communication tasks, the efficient utilization of which has been a longstanding concern, and it is also one of the main challenges in the application of quantum technology. In this review, we focus on the interaction between quantum measurements and quantum correlations by designing appropriate measurement strategies, specifically exploring the trade-off between information gain and disturbance degree in weak measurements to ensure that quantum correlations from the same source can be shared among multiple independent observers. We introduce the basic knowledge and classification of quantum measurements, investigate the weak measurement scenario, and show the theoretical model construction of quantum correlation recycling in the original works. We summarize the theoretical and experimental development process and the latest progress in this field. Finally, we provide an outlook for more quantum resource applications that can profit from the optimization of quantum measurement strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Optics: Science and Applications)
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