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Photonics
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Next-Generation Optical Wireless Communication (OWC)
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Next-Generation Optical Wireless Communication (OWC)

A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical Communication and Network".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 June 2022) | Viewed by 11899

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Changyuan Yu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
Interests: optical fiber communications; optical fiber devices; optical sensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Hongyan Fu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Nano-Devices Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
Interests: microcavity sensing; silicon photonics; optical nonlinearity; 3D sensing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In order to meet the needs of newly developed, next-generation mobile communications, optical wireless communications (OWC), terahertz communications, and millimeter-wave communications are being considered promising candidates for short/medium-distance high-speed access. Different from the previous generation of point-to-point visible light communication (VLC) systems, the next generation of OWC systems is expected to have a higher data rate, multi-user access, full-duplex communication, white-lighting illumination, and other characteristics that can support the requirements of future 6G applications.

In this Special Issue, we will discuss various key enabling technologies in OWC, including but not limited to material growth, device fabrication, communication system, modeling and algorithm design, and otherwise. As a highly cross-cutting and interdisciplinary research direction, the combination of different technologies can provide customized results to accelerate OWC for 6G practical applications. With the growth of data traffic and the development of the semiconductor lighting industry, we believe OWC, as an emerging wireless communication method, is going to become an important supplement to wireless radio frequency communication in free space and acoustic wave communication in underwater environments.

This Special Issue shall focus on representing a broad range of optical wireless communication applications focused on 6G as well as other disciplines, from both academic research and industry application perspectives. We welcome any types of articles, including review, research, and communication. Topics of interest include but are not limited to:

  • Optical wireless communication (OWC);
  • Free-space optical communication (FSO);
  • Visible light communication (VLC);
  • Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC);
  • Visible light positioning (VLP);
  • Optical camera communication (OCC);
  • VLC system based on micro–nano devices;
  • New structure LED and photodetectors;
  • Luminescent materials for white lighting;
  • Optical components or integrating techniques;
  • Silicon optical chip and its application in OWC systems;
  • Optical beam forming or steering techniques;
  • Energy-harvesting OWC systems;
  • Low-cost VCSEL for OWC uplink systems;
  • Real-time VLC systems based on FPGA;
  • New multiple access techniques for multi-user VLC systems;
  • Novel encryption, modulation, and coding algorithms;
  • Optical–orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (O-OFDM);
  • Spatial channel modelling for OWC.

Prof. Dr. Changyuan Yu
Dr. Hongyan Fu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Photonics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Optical wireless communication
  • Visible light communication system
  • Underwater wireless optical communications
  • Optical devices
  • Optical components
  • Modulation
  • Positioning
  • OFDM
  • Channel modeling
  • Real-time communication
  • Heterogeneous systems

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 5148 KiB  
Article
The Investigation of Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Links Using the Total Reflection at the Air-Water Interface in the Presence of Waves
by Zhijian Lv, Gui He, Hang Yang, Rui Chen, Yuxin Li, Wenwei Zhang, Chengfeng Qiu and Zhaojun Liu
Photonics 2022, 9(8), 525; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9080525 - 28 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1898
Abstract
With the development of underwater exploration, underwater networking is in urgent demand. At present, underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) is primarily based on line-of-sight (LOS) communication links. However, the underwater environment is so complicated that LOS communication links are easily affected by a [...] Read more.
With the development of underwater exploration, underwater networking is in urgent demand. At present, underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) is primarily based on line-of-sight (LOS) communication links. However, the underwater environment is so complicated that LOS communication links are easily affected by a couple of factors such as air bubbles, turbidity, oceanic turbulence, and so on. We put forward novel UWOC links using the total reflection at the air-water interface, which can mitigate those phenomena. This paper aims to investigate a UWOC link based on the total reflection at the air-water interface. In our work, we achieved the maximum data rate of 300 Mb/s and a bit error rate (BER) of 3.10 × 10−3 under the forward error correction (FEC) with the total reflection angle of 7°. Furthermore, we verified the performance of the total reflection-based UWOC links at the air-water interface in the presence of waves and evaluated the impact on the UWOC links when the frequency and amplitude of the waves varied. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next-Generation Optical Wireless Communication (OWC))
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14 pages, 16441 KiB  
Article
Propagation Characteristics of Hermite–Gaussian Beam under Pointing Error in Free Space
by Xin Liu, Dagang Jiang, Yu Zhang, Lingzhao Kong, Qinyong Zeng and Kaiyu Qin
Photonics 2022, 9(7), 478; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9070478 - 09 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1446
Abstract
Hermite–Gaussian (HG) beams have significant potential to improve the capacity of free-space optical communication (FSOC). The influence of pointing error on the propagation characteristics of an HG beam cannot be ignored in the FSOC system. Although the average irradiance of the HG beam [...] Read more.
Hermite–Gaussian (HG) beams have significant potential to improve the capacity of free-space optical communication (FSOC). The influence of pointing error on the propagation characteristics of an HG beam cannot be ignored in the FSOC system. Although the average irradiance of the HG beam under a small pointing error from the FSOC tracking mechanism has been investigated through Taylor series approximation, here, we propose that the average irradiance of the HG beam under an arbitrary magnitude pointing error can be deduced through a statistical averaging method. We firstly found that the average irradiance profile of an HG beam finally changes into an approximately Gaussian shape with the increase in pointing error and propagation distance and a larger beam waist at the transmitter could mitigate the profile change. The correlation coefficient between deduced theoretical expression and Monte Carlo simulation reaches 0.999. Additionally, the effective spot size, location of the local extreme value, average received power and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) loss for an HG beam under pointing error were theoretically deduced and analyzed for the first time. We found that the effective spot size of the higher-order HG beam experiences less broadening under the pointing error than that of the lower-order HG beam. The fundamental theoretical expressions of average irradiance for an HG beam under pointing error have provided effective guidance for analyzing the propagation characteristics and link performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next-Generation Optical Wireless Communication (OWC))
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12 pages, 3915 KiB  
Communication
Orthogonal Subblock Division Multiple Access for OFDM-IM-Based Multi-User VLC Systems
by Yungui Nie, Jiamin Chen, Wanli Wen, Min Liu, Xiong Deng and Chen Chen
Photonics 2022, 9(6), 373; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9060373 - 25 May 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1663
Abstract
In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an orthogonal subblock division multiple access (OSDMA) scheme for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (OFDM-IM)-based multi-user visible light communication (MU-VLC) systems, where both single-mode index modulation (SM-IM) and dual-mode index modulation (DM-IM) are [...] Read more.
In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an orthogonal subblock division multiple access (OSDMA) scheme for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (OFDM-IM)-based multi-user visible light communication (MU-VLC) systems, where both single-mode index modulation (SM-IM) and dual-mode index modulation (DM-IM) are considered. In order to overcome the low-pass frequency response and the light-emitting diodes (LED) nonlinearity issues of practical MU-VLC systems, OSDMA is employed together with discrete Fourier transform spreading (DFT-S) and interleaving. The feasibility and superiority of the proposed scheme have been successfully verified via both simulations and hardware experiments. More specifically, we evaluate and compare the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) performance and the bit error rate (BER) performance of OFDM-SM-IM, DFT-S-OFDM-SM-IM, OFDM-DM-IM and DFT-S-OFDM-DM-IM without and with interleaving. Experimental results show that remarkable distance extensions can be achieved by employing DFT spreading and interleaving for both SM-IM and DM-IM in a two-user OSDMA-VLC system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next-Generation Optical Wireless Communication (OWC))
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14 pages, 1954 KiB  
Article
A K-Means Clustered Routing Algorithm with Location and Energy Awareness for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
by Luyao Li, Yang Qiu and Jing Xu
Photonics 2022, 9(5), 282; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9050282 - 21 Apr 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2144
Abstract
Data delivery in harsh underwater channels consumes a higher transmission power than that in terrestrial networks. However, due to the complexity of the underwater environment, the energy supply of the nodes in underwater wireless sensor networks is usually limited by their required laborious [...] Read more.
Data delivery in harsh underwater channels consumes a higher transmission power than that in terrestrial networks. However, due to the complexity of the underwater environment, the energy supply of the nodes in underwater wireless sensor networks is usually limited by their required laborious battery replacement. Thus, energy consumption is considered one of the key issues in underwater wireless optical communication. To minimize such consumption for underwater transmission nodes, much research interest has been found on K-Means technology in designing routing algorithms. However, these algorithms have not regarded the located site and the remaining energy of the underwater nodes simultaneously, which might affect their efficiency. In this paper, we propose a clustered routing algorithm, namely the location and energy-aware k-means clustered routing (LE-KCR) algorithm, which applies K-means technology regarding both the located site and the remaining energy of each node. In the proposed LE-KCR algorithm, both the located site and the remaining energy of a candidate cluster-head, as well as the distance between it and its sink node, are considered in cluster-head selection. In addition, given the inaccessibility of some nodes to the whole underwater sensor network resulting from the limited transmission range of their clusters, the dual-hop routing technique is adopted for the edge nodes. The simulation results indicate that the proposed LE-KCR algorithm remarkably reduces the energy consumption and the dead nodes when compared to the traditional low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol and the optimized LEACH protocol based on K-means clustering technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next-Generation Optical Wireless Communication (OWC))
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11 pages, 4384 KiB  
Communication
Real-Time Receive-Forward NLOS Visible Light Communication System Based on Multiple Blue Micro-LED Nodes
by Yuan Zhang, Zixian Wei, Zhaoming Wang and H. Y. Fu
Photonics 2022, 9(4), 211; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9040211 - 23 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2010
Abstract
A significant challenge of visible-light communication systems (VLC) is to overcome their limited converge area in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) transmission. To tackle this problem, for the first time, a real-time high-speed dual-hop VLC system based on blue micro-light-emitting diodes (micro-LED) is proposed and experimentally [...] Read more.
A significant challenge of visible-light communication systems (VLC) is to overcome their limited converge area in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) transmission. To tackle this problem, for the first time, a real-time high-speed dual-hop VLC system based on blue micro-light-emitting diodes (micro-LED) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Benefiting from the advantage of high electrical-to-optical (E-O) bandwidth of the micro-LED, the frequency-response measurements show that the 3-dB modulation bandwidth of 2 m free-space single-hop link is 880 MHz, and the dual-hop system can reach to 715 MHz over a 4 m communication distance. We then investigated the communication performance of our proposed single-hop and dual-hop systems. The real-time waveforms are analyzed at different positions of the dual-hop link and eye diagrams at the receiving terminal are captured for evaluation. Furthermore, the bit error rate (BER) at the target node is measured. The results demonstrate that a 1.1 Gbps on-off keying (OOK) signal with a BER less than the forward-error-correction (FEC) limit could be achieved over a 4 m NLOS free-space link. This work shows that the proposed dual-hop system based on a micro-LED can meet the requirements for most indoor NLOS-transmission scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next-Generation Optical Wireless Communication (OWC))
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15 pages, 4240 KiB  
Article
A Two-LED Based Indoor Three-Dimensional Visible Light Positioning and Orienteering Scheme for a Tilted Receiver
by Xiaodi You, Xiaobai Yang, Zile Jiang and Shuang Zhao
Photonics 2022, 9(3), 159; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9030159 - 05 Mar 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1865
Abstract
Conventional visible light positioning (VLP) systems usually require at least three light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to enable trilateration or triangulation, which is infeasible when the LED condition is constrained. In this paper, we propose a novel indoor three-dimensional (3D) VLP and orienteering (VLPO) scheme. [...] Read more.
Conventional visible light positioning (VLP) systems usually require at least three light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to enable trilateration or triangulation, which is infeasible when the LED condition is constrained. In this paper, we propose a novel indoor three-dimensional (3D) VLP and orienteering (VLPO) scheme. By using only two LEDs and two photo-detectors (PDs), our scheme can achieve simultaneous 3D localization and receiver orientation estimation efficiently. Further, to eliminate the location uncertainty caused by receiver tilt, we propose a location selection strategy which can effectively determine the true location of the receiver. Through extensive simulations, it is found that when the receiver faces upwards, the proposed scheme can achieve a mean 3D positioning error of 7.4 cm and a mean azimuthal error of 7.0°. Moreover, when the receiver tilts with a polar angle of 10°, accurate VLPO can still be achieved with 90.3% of 3D positioning errors less than 20 cm and 92.6% of azimuthal errors less than 5°. These results indicate that our scheme is a promising solution to achieve accurate VLPO when there is only two LEDs. Results also verify the effectiveness of the VLPO scheme when locating a tilted receiver. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next-Generation Optical Wireless Communication (OWC))
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