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Photonics
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Application of Multimode Optical Fibers
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Application of Multimode Optical Fibers

A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical Communication and Network".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2022) | Viewed by 10122

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Anton Bourdine

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Top Management, JSC "Scientific Production Association State Optical Institute Named after Vavilov S.I.", 36/1, Babushkin Street, 192171 St. Petersburg, Russia
2. Department of Communication Lines, Povolzhskiy State University of Telecommunications and Informatics, 23, Lev Tolstoy Street, 443010 Samara, Russia
Interests: few-mode effects in large-core optical fibers; laser-based high bit rate data transmission over multimode optical fibers; management of differential mode delay; mode division multiplexing; few-mode optical fibers; fiber optic sensors based on a few-mode effects; few-mode chiral optical fibers; few-mode microstructured optical fibers; optical angular moment/optical vortices generation and transmission over optical fibers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ilnur Nureev

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Radiophotonics and Microwave Technologies, Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI, 11, Karl Marks street, Kazan 420111, Russia
Interests: fiber optic transmission lines; fiber Bragg gratings: manufacturing, sensors, and interrogators; addressed Bragg structures; microwave photonics; distributed optical sensors; supervisory control and data acquisition systems
Prof. Dr. Manish Tiwari

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Off Jaipur – Ajmer Expressway, Ajmer Road, Jaipur 303007, Rajasthan, India
Interests: fiber optics; special optical fibers; photonic crystal fibers; nonlinear optics; quantum opitcs; numerical modeling; micro/nano-structure photonic devices; photonic ICs
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Vladimir Burdin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Communication Lines, Povolzhskiy State University of Telecommunications and Informatics, 23, Lev Tolstoy street, Samara 443010, Russia
Interests: fiber-optic transmission links; few-mode fiber optics techniques and technologies; nonlinear effects in few-mode optical fiber; high power ultrashort optical pulse propagation in few-mode optical fibers; distributed acoustic sensors; optical fiber cable lifetime predicts on a cable line

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Multimode optical fibers (MMFs) are not associated with only in-premises networks today. Undoubtedly, since the IEEE 802.3z standard was ratified on 1998, laser-based optical signal transmission techniques over MMF have been widely used for short-range multi-Gigabit solutions and have come to be in demand for on-board and industrial network applications, requiring 1 Gb/s and even more bit rates, where silica MMFs with an extremely enlarged core diameter up to 100 mm as well as silica–polymer or polymer–polymer MMFs are used. However, MMFs are also considered an alternative solution for new-generation transport networks, providing extra-high bit rates of hundreds of Tb/s and more. In that context, nonlinear effects occurring in standard silica single-mode optical fibers during propagation of optical signals grouped by DWDM systems become the main issue, and a passage to enhancing fiber-effective areas via core diameter enlargement in combination with the MIMO technique, which is one of the approaches for the decrease or even suppression of optical fiber’s own nonlinearity for telecommunication system signals. At present, mode division multiplexing (MDM) is one of the top new trends in optical networking, which applies spatial mode or optical angular moment (OAM) multiplexing. Moreover, MMFs have many applications outside telecommunications: fiber optic sensors, medicine, fiber optic lasers/laser delivery systems, light sources for illumination, endoscopes, remote viewing, and others.

This Special Issue covers a large scope of research in MMF applications and solicits contributions in, but not limited to:

  • MMFs for telecommunications;
  • MDM;
  • MIMO technique for optical networks with MMFs;
  • Laser optimized multimode optical fibers;
  • Few mode optical fibers;
  • Laser-based multi-gigabit data transmission over large core optical fibers;
  • Fiber optic sensors based on a few-mode effects;
  • Extremely enlarged core optical fibers;
  • MMFs in medicine;
  • MMFs in lasers/laser delivery systems;
  • Image transmission over MMFs;
  • Chiral MMFs;
  • Microstructured and photonic crystal MMFs.

Prof. Dr. Anton Bourdine
Dr. Ilnur Nureev
Prof. Dr. Manish Tiwari
Prof. Dr. Vladimir Burdin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Photonics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 1919 KiB  
Article
A Nonlinear Radio-Photon Conversion Device
by Irina L. Vinogradova, Azat R. Gizatulin, Ivan K. Meshkov, Anton V. Bourdine and Manish Tiwari
Photonics 2022, 9(6), 417; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9060417 - 15 Jun 2022
Viewed by 1442
Abstract
The article analyzes existing materials and structures with quadratic-nonlinear optical properties that can be used to generate a difference frequency in the terahertz and sub-terahertz frequency ranges. The principle of constructing a nonlinear optical-radio converter, based on an optical focon (a focusing cone), [...] Read more.
The article analyzes existing materials and structures with quadratic-nonlinear optical properties that can be used to generate a difference frequency in the terahertz and sub-terahertz frequency ranges. The principle of constructing a nonlinear optical-radio converter, based on an optical focon (a focusing cone), is proposed. Based on the assumption that this focon can be implemented from the metal-organic framework (MOF), we propose a technique for modeling its parameters. The mathematical model of the process of propagation and nonlinear interaction of waves inside the focon is based on a simplification of the nonlinear wave equation. Within the framework of the developed model, the following parameters are approximately determined: the 3D gradient of the linear refractive index and the function determining the geometric profile of the focon, which provide a few-mode-based generation of the difference frequency. The achieved theoretical efficiency of radio frequency generation is at least 1%; the proposed device provides a guiding structure for both optical and radio signals in contrast to the known solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Multimode Optical Fibers)
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7 pages, 1817 KiB  
Communication
Mode Coupling and Steady-State Distribution in Multimode Step-Index Organic Glass-Clad PMMA Fibers
by Svetislav Savović, Alexandar Djordjevich, Isidora Savović and Rui Min
Photonics 2022, 9(5), 297; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9050297 - 27 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1277
Abstract
Mode coupling and power diffusion in multimode step-index (SI) organic glass-clad (OGC) PMMA fiber is examined in this study using the power flow equation (PFE). Using our previously proposed approach we determine the coupling coefficient D for this fiber. When compared to standard [...] Read more.
Mode coupling and power diffusion in multimode step-index (SI) organic glass-clad (OGC) PMMA fiber is examined in this study using the power flow equation (PFE). Using our previously proposed approach we determine the coupling coefficient D for this fiber. When compared to standard multimode SI PMMA fibers, the multimode SI OGC PMMA fiber has similar mode coupling strength. As a result, the fiber length required to achieve the steady-state distribution (SSD) in SI OGC PMMA fibers is similar to that required in standard SI PMMA fibers. We have confirmed that optical fibers with a plastic core show more intense mode coupling than those with a glass core, regardless of the cladding material. These findings could be valuable in communication and sensory systems that use multimode SI OGC PMMA fiber. In this work, we have demonstrated a successful employment of our previously proposed method for determination of the coupling coefficient D in multimode SI OGC PMMA fiber. This method has already been successfully employed in the previous research of mode coupling in multimode SI glass optical fibers, SI PMMA fibers and SI plastic-clad silica optical fibers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Multimode Optical Fibers)
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7 pages, 7650 KiB  
Communication
Theoretical Investigation of Bandwidth in Multimode Step-Index Silica Photonic Crystal Fibers
by Branko Drljača, Svetislav Savović, Milan S. Kovačević, Ana Simović, Ljubica Kuzmanović, Alexandar Djordjevich and Rui Min
Photonics 2022, 9(4), 214; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9040214 - 23 Mar 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1687
Abstract
Solving the time-dependent power flow equation (PFE) provides a useful method to study the transmission bandwidth of step-index silica photonic crystal fibers (SI SPCFs). The transmission bandwidth of these kinds of fibers is determined for different air-hole structures (different numerical apertures (NAs)) and [...] Read more.
Solving the time-dependent power flow equation (PFE) provides a useful method to study the transmission bandwidth of step-index silica photonic crystal fibers (SI SPCFs). The transmission bandwidth of these kinds of fibers is determined for different air-hole structures (different numerical apertures (NAs)) and different distribution widths of the Gaussian launch beam. The results indicate that the lower the NA of SI SPCFs, the higher the bandwidth (for example, for a lower NA of SI SPCFs, a bandwidth that is eight times larger is obtained at a fiber length of 3500 m). The narrower launch beam at short fiber lengths results in a wider bandwidth. The longer the fiber (>300 m), the much less the effect of the launch beam width on the bandwidth. The bandwidth becomes independent of the width of the launch beam distribution at the fiber length at which a steady-state distribution (SSD) is reached. These results are useful for some potential applications, such as high capacity transmission optical fiber systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Multimode Optical Fibers)
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7 pages, 1790 KiB  
Communication
Theoretical Investigation of the Capacity of Space Division Multiplexing with Multimode Step-Index Air-Clad Silica Optical Fibers
by Svetislav Savović, Alexandar Djordjevich, Isidora Savović, Branko Drljača, Ana Simović and Rui Min
Photonics 2022, 9(3), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9030127 - 23 Feb 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1668
Abstract
We studied the effect of mode coupling on the space division multiplexing (SDM) capabilities of multimode step-index (SI) air-clad silica optical fibers by numerically solving the power flow equation. Mode coupling considerably reduces the length of these fibers at which space division multiplexing [...] Read more.
We studied the effect of mode coupling on the space division multiplexing (SDM) capabilities of multimode step-index (SI) air-clad silica optical fibers by numerically solving the power flow equation. Mode coupling considerably reduces the length of these fibers at which space division multiplexing may be achieved with minimal crosstalk between neighboring optical channels, according to the findings. Up to 120 m and 30 m, respectively, the two and three spatially multiplexed channels in the investigated multimode step-index silica optical fibers can be used with low crosstalk. When building a space division multiplexing-based optical fiber transmission system, such characterization of optical fibers should be taken into account. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Multimode Optical Fibers)
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10 pages, 915 KiB  
Article
Endoscopic Imaging Using a Multimode Optical Fibre Calibrated with Multiple Internal References
by Petr Jákl, Martin Šiler, Jan Ježek, Ángel Cifuentes, Johanna Trägårdh, Pavel Zemánek and Tomáš Čižmár
Photonics 2022, 9(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9010037 - 10 Jan 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2743
Abstract
The interferometric acquisition of the transmission matrix (TM) of a multimode optical fibre (MMF), which is at the heart of multimode fibre-based endoscopic imaging methods, requires using a reference beam. Attempts to use an internal reference, that is to provide the reference in [...] Read more.
The interferometric acquisition of the transmission matrix (TM) of a multimode optical fibre (MMF), which is at the heart of multimode fibre-based endoscopic imaging methods, requires using a reference beam. Attempts to use an internal reference, that is to provide the reference in a common pathway geometry through the MMF itself, lead to a speckled reference intensity and consequential occurrence of “blind spots”—locations where insufficient optical power in the reference wave inflicts strong measurement errors. Here we show that combining a relatively small number of TMs, which are measured using different internal references, facilitates a complete elimination of blind spots, and thereby a significant enhancement of the imaging quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Multimode Optical Fibers)
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