Natural Nanoparticle for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Pharmaceutics (ISSN 1999-4923). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 June 2023) | Viewed by 7571

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Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
Interests: nano-oncology; nano-drug delivery; protein nanocages; breast cancer; nano-tracers
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the last twenty years, nanoparticles have been extensively studied as carriers for cancer imaging and drug delivery, since they are useful to improve bioavailability, tissue penetration, and circulation time of their cargo molecules. However, nanoparticle toxicity, immunogenicity, and sequestration by macrophages are issues that strongly limit their clinical translation. In this scenario, natural nanoparticles, such as exosomes and protein or DNA nanocages represent a charming alternative to synthetic metal or polymeric nanoparticles, thanks to their safety, biocompatibility, and biodegradability due to their biological nature. Their production and manipulation take place in mild conditions, preserving drug or probe functionality. Moreover, they generally display high stability in the physiological environment, allowing researchers to avoid common problems related to nanoparticle aggregation. They could also be modified by inserting surface functionalities to affect stability, surface charge, and ligand display, in order to maximize their bioavailability, tumor targeting, and tissue penetration. Moreover, natural nanoparticles are generally arranged to form a shell that displays three regions of interfaces, allowing researchers to realize multifunctional nanoparticles by combining nanoprobes for imaging with drug delivery devices. These features are strongly appealing in order to face cancer, where the development of tumor-targeted specific devices could be useful to improve patient compliance.

This Special Issue serves to depict the current landscape of natural nanoparticles developed to improve cancer management and we invite articles able to better highlight any feature of natural nanoparticles exploited for treatment of cancer.

Dr. Mazzucchelli Serena
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • natural nanoparticles
  • drug delivery
  • tumor-targeting probes

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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12 pages, 3123 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Tumor Accumulation of Low-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronic Acid/Chitosan Nanocomplexes for Photothermal Therapy
by Gayoung Jo, Eun Jeong Kim and Hoon Hyun
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(2), 613; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020613 - 11 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1258
Abstract
Targeted phototheranostic nanosystems involving both cancer-specific near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging and NIR light-induced phototherapy have shown great potential to improve cancer detection and treatment. In this study, a bifunctional nanocomplex based on low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMW-HA) and chitosan oligosaccharide lactate (COL) conjugating a [...] Read more.
Targeted phototheranostic nanosystems involving both cancer-specific near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging and NIR light-induced phototherapy have shown great potential to improve cancer detection and treatment. In this study, a bifunctional nanocomplex based on low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMW-HA) and chitosan oligosaccharide lactate (COL) conjugating a zwitterionic NIR dye (ZW800-1) was rationally designed and prepared, and it was simultaneously used to enhance tumor accumulation and photothermal therapy (PTT). When HA-COL-ZW nanocomplexes were intravenously injected into mice bearing NCI-H460 tumors, HA-COL-ZW revealed increased tumor accumulation with prolonged tumor retention. Moreover, the ZW800-1 incorporated in HA-COL-ZW nanocomplexes showed excellent capability to convert NIR light into heat energy at the tumor site, acting as a PTT agent. Therefore, the targeted phototherapeutic HA-COL-ZW nanocomplex is a biocompatible and effective photothermal nanoagent, which could be a good candidate for future clinical use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Nanoparticle for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, 2nd Edition)
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45 pages, 5558 KiB  
Review
Therapeutic and Diagnostic Potential of Exosomes as Drug Delivery Systems in Brain Cancer
by Dimitrios I. Avgoulas, Konstantinos S. Tasioulis, Rigini M. Papi and Anastasia A. Pantazaki
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(5), 1439; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15051439 - 08 May 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3081
Abstract
Cancer is designated as one of the principal causes of mortality universally. Among different types of cancer, brain cancer remains the most challenging one due to its aggressiveness, the ineffective permeation ability of drugs through the blood–brain barrier (BBB), and drug resistance. To [...] Read more.
Cancer is designated as one of the principal causes of mortality universally. Among different types of cancer, brain cancer remains the most challenging one due to its aggressiveness, the ineffective permeation ability of drugs through the blood–brain barrier (BBB), and drug resistance. To overcome the aforementioned issues in fighting brain cancer, there is an imperative need for designing novel therapeutic approaches. Exosomes have been proposed as prospective “Trojan horse” nanocarriers of anticancer theranostics owing to their biocompatibility, increased stability, permeability, negligible immunogenicity, prolonged circulation time, and high loading capacity. This review provides a comprehensive discussion on the biological properties, physicochemical characteristics, isolation methods, biogenesis and internalization of exosomes, while it emphasizes their therapeutic and diagnostic potential as drug vehicle systems in brain cancer, highlighting recent advances in the research field. A comparison of the biological activity and therapeutic effectiveness of several exosome-encapsulated cargo including drugs and biomacromolecules underlines their great supremacy over the non-exosomal encapsulated cargo in the delivery, accumulation, and biological potency. Various studies on cell lines and animals give prominence to exosome-based nanoparticles (NPs) as a promising and alternative approach in the management of brain cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Nanoparticle for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, 2nd Edition)
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26 pages, 3281 KiB  
Review
Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles with Optimized Parameters for Targeted Delivery of a Specific Anticancer Drug—A Comprehensive Review
by Joanna Kurczewska
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(2), 503; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020503 - 02 Feb 2023
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2694
Abstract
Chitosan is a positively charged polysaccharide obtained through chitin deacetylation. It belongs to a group of biodegradable, bioavailable, and non-toxic materials of natural origin; thus, it is a promising matrix for creating delivery systems of different active agents. Recently, much attention has been [...] Read more.
Chitosan is a positively charged polysaccharide obtained through chitin deacetylation. It belongs to a group of biodegradable, bioavailable, and non-toxic materials of natural origin; thus, it is a promising matrix for creating delivery systems of different active agents. Recently, much attention has been paid to nanodelivery systems as carriers to enable better bioavailability, and thus higher efficiency of the loaded drug. The present review is focused on the progress in chitosan-based nanoparticles for the targeted delivery of antitumor drugs. The paper discusses literature reports from the last three years in which chitosan nanoparticles were applied as carriers for active substances used in antitumor therapy and potential new drugs with anticancer properties. Special attention was paid to the different treatments applied to increase the therapeutic effectiveness and minimize the side effects of a specific active substance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Nanoparticle for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, 2nd Edition)
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