Viral and Bacterial Pathogens in Gastrointestinal Cancer

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 7058

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Gastro-Intestinal Viral Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Interests: Barrett’s oesophagus; carcinogenesis; Epstein–Barr virus; gastric cancer; Helicobacter pylori; human papillomavirus; microbiome; oesophageal cancer; pathogens
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bacteria and viruses have long been incriminated in the development of malignancy. In fact, infections are associated with 20% of human cancers. Several viruses are known to be tumorigenic, including human papillomavirus (cervical, head and neck, anal, penile and vulval cancers), Epstein–Barr virus (8-10% of gastric cancer and nasopharyngeal carcinomas), hepatitis B and C (hepatomas) and human T-cell leukaemia virus-1 (T-cell leukaemias). More recently, HPV has been associated with Barrett’s dysplasia and oesophageal adenocarcinoma. The association between HPV and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma remains contentious, despite numerous studies having been undertaken on the topic. Helicobacter pylori and gastric carcinoma is the archetypal model of a bacterium causing tumours in humans, so much so that it has been classified as a Class I carcinogen by the World Health Organization (1994) and the International Agency on Research on Cancer (2010). Other gut microbiota associated with gastro-intestinal cancer include Streptococcus bovis, Fusobacterium and Salmonella Enteritidis, which have been associated with colon cancer. Similarly, chronic Salmonella Typhi infection has been implicated in carcinoma of the gallbladder.

This Special Issue is aimed at broadening the knowledge base on the role of pathogens in gastro-intestinal cancer in an ever expanding and exciting field. The Guest Editor welcomes both original and review articles which illuminate the complex relationship between humans, pathogens and gastro-intestinal cancers. Topics may include (but are not limited to) epidemiology, pathophysiology, genomic, diagnostic (biomarker) and validation studies as well as investigations that provide prognostic data.

Prof. Shan Rajendra
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Barrett’s oesophagus
  • carcinogenesis
  • Epstein–Barr virus
  • gastric cancer
  • Helicobacter pylori
  • human papillomavirus
  • microbiome
  • oesophageal cancer
  • pathogens

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

15 pages, 1067 KiB  
Review
Viral Pathogens in Oesophageal and Gastric Cancer
by Kishen Rajendra and Prateek Sharma
Pathogens 2022, 11(4), 476; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11040476 - 15 Apr 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3734
Abstract
Tumour virology was born with the discovery by Peyton Rous in 1911 of a filterable agent in chicken cellular extracts that caused neoplasia in healthy chickens. Universally, 20% of all human cancers have a viral aetiology. Viruses are involved at various stages of [...] Read more.
Tumour virology was born with the discovery by Peyton Rous in 1911 of a filterable agent in chicken cellular extracts that caused neoplasia in healthy chickens. Universally, 20% of all human cancers have a viral aetiology. Viruses are involved at various stages of the carcinogenesis pathway, depending on the viral pathogen, and likely require co-factors. Multiple risk factors have been associated with oesophageal and gastric malignancy, including carcinogenic pathogens. These viruses and bacteria include human papillomavirus (HPV) [oesophageal cancer], Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) [proximal stomach cancer], and Helicobacter pylori (HP) [non-cardia stomach cancer]. Viruses such as EBV have been firmly established as causal for up to 10% of gastric cancers. HPV is associated with 13 to 35% of oesophageal adenocarcinoma but its role is unclear in oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas. The causal relationship between hepatitis B (HBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), HPV, and John Cunningham (JCV) and gastric neoplasia remains indeterminate and warrants further study. The expression of viral antigens by human tumours offers preventive and therapeutic potential (including vaccination) and has already been harnessed with vaccines for HPV and HBV. Future goals include viral protein-based immunotherapy and monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of some of the subset of EBV and HPV-induced gastro-esophageal cancers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral and Bacterial Pathogens in Gastrointestinal Cancer)
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9 pages, 372 KiB  
Review
A Review of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Colorectal Cancer Screening: Implications and Solutions
by Suneha Sundaram, Sean Olson, Paranjay Sharma and Shanmugarajah Rajendra
Pathogens 2021, 10(11), 1508; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10111508 - 19 Nov 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2857
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted all aspects of medical care, including cancer screening and preventative measures. Colorectal cancer screening declined significantly at the onset of the pandemic as the result of an intentional effort to conserve resources, prioritize emergencies and reduce risk of [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted all aspects of medical care, including cancer screening and preventative measures. Colorectal cancer screening declined significantly at the onset of the pandemic as the result of an intentional effort to conserve resources, prioritize emergencies and reduce risk of transmission. There has already been an increase in diagnosis at more advanced stages and symptomatic emergencies due to suspended screenings. As endoscopy units find their way back to pre-pandemic practices, a backlog of cases remains. The missed CRC diagnoses amongst the missed screenings carry a risk of increased morbidity and mortality which will only increase as time-to-diagnosis grows. This review discusses the impact of COVID-19 on colonoscopy screening rates, trends in stages/symptoms/circumstances at diagnosis, and economic and social impact of delayed diagnosis. Triaging and use of FITs are proposed solutions to the challenge of catching up with the large number of pandemic-driven missed CRC screenings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral and Bacterial Pathogens in Gastrointestinal Cancer)
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