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Pathogens
Special Issues
Sepsis and Immune Response in Critically Ill Children and Newborn
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Sepsis and Immune Response in Critically Ill Children and Newborn

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Immunological Responses and Immune Defense Mechanisms".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2021) | Viewed by 7739

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Pierre Tissières

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Guest Editor
Pediatric Intensive Care, AP-HP Paris Saclay University, 78, Rue du Général Leclerc, 94275, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
Interests: Sepsis; immunology; endotoxins

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Evolving understanding of sepsis pathophysiology enlights the importance of host responses to pathogens and underlying immunity. In children and infants, immunological transition markedly impacts susceptibility to pathogens and efficacy of the host response to infections. The purpose of this special thematic issue is to review current knowledge’s on pediatric immune response and emerging concepts in critically ill children and infants with sepsis. Although focused on the pediatric field, most recent concepts will be enlarged to sepsis/post aggressive induced immunosuppression, early life immunity transition and impact on neonatal sepsis, critically ill children immunomonitoring and immune failure, sepsis and multisystem inflammatory syndromes phenotypes.

Dr. Pierre Tissières
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Children
  • neonates
  • sepsis
  • immunity
  • phenotypes
  • host-pathogen response

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

10 pages, 279 KiB  
Review
Impact of Inherited Genetic Variants on Critically Ill Septic Children
by Mariana Miranda and Simon Nadel
Pathogens 2022, 11(1), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11010096 - 14 Jan 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1372
Abstract
Sepsis remains an important source of morbidity and mortality in children, despite the development of standardized care. In the last decades, there has been an increased interest in genetic and genomic approaches to early recognition and development of treatments to manipulate the host [...] Read more.
Sepsis remains an important source of morbidity and mortality in children, despite the development of standardized care. In the last decades, there has been an increased interest in genetic and genomic approaches to early recognition and development of treatments to manipulate the host inflammatory response. This review will present a summary of the normal host response to infection and progression to sepsis, followed by highlighting studies with a focus on gene association studies, epigenetics, and genome-wide expression profiling. The susceptibility (or outcome) of sepsis in children has been associated with several polymorphisms of genes broadly involved in inflammation, immunity, and coagulation. More recently, gene expression profiling has been focused on identifying novel biomarkers, pathways and therapeutic targets, and gene expression-based subclassification. Knowledge of a patient’s individual genotype may, in the not-too-remote future, be used to guide tailored treatment for sepsis. However, at present, the impact of genomics remains far from the bedside of critically ill children. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sepsis and Immune Response in Critically Ill Children and Newborn)
10 pages, 922 KiB  
Review
Immune Function in Critically Ill Septic Children
by Katherine Elizabeth Bline and Mark W. Hall
Pathogens 2021, 10(10), 1239; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10101239 - 25 Sep 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5737
Abstract
The inflammatory response in pediatric sepsis is highly dynamic and includes both pro- and anti-inflammatory elements that involve the innate and adaptive immune systems. While the pro-inflammatory response is responsible for the initial clinical signs and symptoms of sepsis, a concurrent compensatory anti-inflammatory [...] Read more.
The inflammatory response in pediatric sepsis is highly dynamic and includes both pro- and anti-inflammatory elements that involve the innate and adaptive immune systems. While the pro-inflammatory response is responsible for the initial clinical signs and symptoms of sepsis, a concurrent compensatory anti-inflammatory response often results in an occult, but highly clinically relevant, form of acquired immunodeficiency. When severe, this is termed “immunoparalysis” and is associated with increased risks for nosocomial infection, prolonged organ dysfunction, and death. This review focuses on the pathophysiology and clinical implications of both over- and under-active immune function in septic children. Host-, disease-, and treatment-specific risk factors for immunoparalysis are reviewed along with immune phenotype-specific approaches for immunomodulation in pediatric sepsis which are currently the subject of clinical trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sepsis and Immune Response in Critically Ill Children and Newborn)
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