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5.1
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Journals
Pathogens
Special Issues
Biological Plant Protection
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Biological Plant Protection

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 16574

Special Issue Editors

Dr. András Fodor

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. Sétány 1C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
Interests: nematode genetics; nematode/bacterium symbioses; antimicrobial peptides; plant immunity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Eustachio Tarasco

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
Interests: microbial control; entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi biodiversity; forest and urban entomology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plant health states can adversely be affected by biotic and abiotic stress factors. In the age of dramatic climatic changes both natural and cultivated plants. can suddenly be exposed to unexpected abiotic (like drought or temperature extremities) and biotic, (like multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens) stress conditions. The genetic selection for adapted variants is the best way of crop protection but not always quick enough, concerning plants. Membrane biochemistry provides some options to make eukaryotic organisms phenotypically heat and/or desiccation tolerant, via applying membrane fluidity changing chemicals (like polyunsaturated fatty acids, trehalose) exogenously. In the age of multidrug resistance (MDR) the use of synthetic antibiotics, anti-oomycete, antifungal, nematicides, or insecticides molecules have rapidly become limited, especially in plant protection. The application of new antimicrobial peptides (AMP) and optimized derivatives provide an option to combat MDR since antibiotic-resistant pathogens perform a high frequency of collateral sensitivity to antimicrobial peptides and the mobility patterns of antibiotic resistance genes and antimicrobial peptides resistance-genes are different. The delivery technique of therapeutic peptides and RNAs to the right place of the plant cells is a key question.

The scope of the contributions will be on defense mechanisms of plants against abiotic and biotic stresses: the mode of increasing desiccation tolerance exogenously; microbiology of plant pathogens including resistance; and the therapeutic potential provided by the AMP research; development of mRNA-based therapeutics and membrane-biochemistry and biophysics as well as the methodology of trans-membrane drug delivery and biological control methods. As a suggestion to be related to the existing literature, let us offer a few recent review articles for kind considerations.

The purpose of the Issue is to provide a platform for relevant articles (original research papers, perspectives and full review articles) about the different “battlefields” of the present-day struggle with newly appearing abiotic and biotic harmful challenges, the natural and cultured plants have to face with.

Dr. András Fodor
Dr. Eustachio Tarasco
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • abiotic stress factors, membrane fluidity
  • pathogenesis, plant immunity, Arabidopsis model
  • plant pathogens, bacteria (PPB), oomycetes, fungi, protozoa
  • nematodes (PPN)
  • multi-drug-resistance (MDR), collateral sensitivity
  • antimicrobial peptide (AMP), therapeutic RNA
  • mRNA-therapy
  • nanoparticle-bound delivery, proteolistics, plant exosome
  • biological control, (entomopathogenic nematode/bacterium symbiotic complex, EPN/EPB

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2126 KiB  
Article
Integrated Biological Control of the Sugar Beet Weevil Asproparthenis punctiventris with the Fungus Metarhizium brunneum: New Application Approaches
by Maria Zottele, Martina Mayrhofer, Hannah Embleton, Jürg Enkerli, Herbert Eigner, Eustachio Tarasco and Hermann Strasser
Pathogens 2023, 12(1), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12010099 - 06 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1866
Abstract
The mass occurrence of the sugar beet weevil (Asproparthenis punctiventris, previously Bothynoderes punctiventris) has been endangering sugar beet cultivation in Austria for centuries. Exacerbated by climatic and political changes (warmer, drier spring and limited access to chemical pesticides), new approaches are [...] Read more.
The mass occurrence of the sugar beet weevil (Asproparthenis punctiventris, previously Bothynoderes punctiventris) has been endangering sugar beet cultivation in Austria for centuries. Exacerbated by climatic and political changes (warmer, drier spring and limited access to chemical pesticides), new approaches are needed to counter the problem. The aim of our work was to test whether the bioinsecticide Metarhizium brunneum Ma 43 (formerly M. anisopliae var. anisopliae BIPESCO 5/F52) can be used as a sustainable plant protection product against the sugar beet weevil. Our goal was to control the pest in all its development stages through multiple applications. Therefore, GranMetTM-P, a granular formulation of M. brunneum Ma 43, was applied in spring to establish the fungus in the soil, whereas GranMetTM-WP, a liquid formulation of the production strain, was used in early summer on trap ditches and leaves to target the adult weevils. Soil and plant samples as well as weevils were collected during the planting season from the trial sites to evaluate the development of the fungus and the mycosis of the treated weevils. In addition, data on hibernating weevils and their emigration from untreated field sites was collected. In all field sites, the Metarhizium spp. abundance increased above the background level (<1000 CFU g−1 soil dry weight) after application of the product. With an increasing number of treatments per plot, and thus an increased contact possibility between pest and the fungus, a rise in the mycosis rate was observed. In conclusion, the various Metarhizium application strategies, which are already available or in testing, must be implemented to ensure control in both old and new sugar beet fields. Metarhizium is a further asset in the successful control of this sugar beet pest. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Plant Protection)
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Review

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22 pages, 1546 KiB  
Review
The Fight against Plant-Parasitic Nematodes: Current Status of Bacterial and Fungal Biocontrol Agents
by David Pires, Cláudia S. L. Vicente, Esther Menéndez, Jorge M. S. Faria, Leidy Rusinque, Maria J. Camacho and Maria L. Inácio
Pathogens 2022, 11(10), 1178; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11101178 - 13 Oct 2022
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 10283
Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are among the most notorious and underrated threats to food security and plant health worldwide, compromising crop yields and causing billions of dollars of losses annually. Chemical control strategies rely heavily on synthetic chemical nematicides to reduce PPN population densities, [...] Read more.
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are among the most notorious and underrated threats to food security and plant health worldwide, compromising crop yields and causing billions of dollars of losses annually. Chemical control strategies rely heavily on synthetic chemical nematicides to reduce PPN population densities, but their use is being progressively restricted due to environmental and human health concerns, so alternative control methods are urgently needed. Here, we review the potential of bacterial and fungal agents to suppress the most important PPNs, namely Aphelenchoides besseyi, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Globodera spp., Heterodera spp., Meloidogyne spp., Nacobbus aberrans, Pratylenchus spp., Radopholus similis, Rotylenchulus reniformis, and Xiphinema index. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Plant Protection)
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29 pages, 3473 KiB  
Review
Type Strains of Entomopathogenic Nematode-Symbiotic Bacterium Species, Xenorhabdus szentirmaii (EMC) and X. budapestensis (EMA), Are Exceptional Sources of Non-Ribosomal Templated, Large-Target-Spectral, Thermotolerant-Antimicrobial Peptides (by Both), and Iodinin (by EMC)
by András Fodor, Maxime Gualtieri, Matthias Zeller, Eustachio Tarasco, Michael G. Klein, Andrea M. Fodor, Leroy Haynes, Katalin Lengyel, Steven A. Forst, Ghazala M. Furgani, Levente Karaffa and Tibor Vellai
Pathogens 2022, 11(3), 342; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11030342 - 11 Mar 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3734
Abstract
Antimicrobial multidrug resistance (MDR) is a global challenge, not only for public health, but also for sustainable agriculture. Antibiotics used in humans should be ruled out for use in veterinary or agricultural settings. Applying antimicrobial peptide (AMP) molecules, produced by soil-born organisms for [...] Read more.
Antimicrobial multidrug resistance (MDR) is a global challenge, not only for public health, but also for sustainable agriculture. Antibiotics used in humans should be ruled out for use in veterinary or agricultural settings. Applying antimicrobial peptide (AMP) molecules, produced by soil-born organisms for protecting (soil-born) plants, seems a preferable alternative. The natural role of peptide-antimicrobials, produced by the prokaryotic partner of entomopathogenic-nematode/bacterium (EPN/EPB) symbiotic associations, is to sustain monoxenic conditions for the EPB in the gut of the semi-anabiotic infective dauer juvenile (IJ) EPN. They keep pathobiome conditions balanced for the EPN/EPB complex in polyxenic (soil, vanquished insect cadaver) niches. Xenorhabdus szentirmaii DSM16338(T) (EMC), and X. budapestensis DSM16342(T) (EMA), are the respective natural symbionts of EPN species Steinernema rarum and S. bicornutum. We identified and characterized both of these 15 years ago. The functional annotation of the draft genome of EMC revealed 71 genes encoding non-ribosomal peptide synthases, and polyketide synthases. The large spatial Xenorhabdus AMP (fabclavine), was discovered in EMA, and its biosynthetic pathway in EMC. The AMPs produced by EMA and EMC are promising candidates for controlling MDR prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens (bacteria, oomycetes, fungi, protozoa). EMC releases large quantity of iodinin (1,6-dihydroxyphenazine 5,10-dioxide) in a water-soluble form into the media, where it condenses to form spectacular water-insoluble, macroscopic crystals. This review evaluates the scientific impact of international research on EMA and EMC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Plant Protection)
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