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ncRNA
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Non-Coding RNA in the Immune System
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Non-Coding RNA in the Immune System

A special issue of Non-Coding RNA (ISSN 2311-553X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (27 October 2023) | Viewed by 6075

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Roopa Biswas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
Interests: Inflammation; post-transcriptional regulation; inflammatory genes; microRNA; non-coding RNA; inflammatory diseases; anti-inflammatory therapeutics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is well acknowledged that advances in science and technology have transformed our understanding of RNA biology and regulation. The human transcriptome is comprised mostly of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). The ncRNAs are involved in the orchestrated regulation of several cellular functions, and dysregulation in their interactions and/or expression may have consequences. These discoveries subverted the earlier notion “ncRNAs are the dark matter of DNA” and revealed the importance of ncRNAs in health and disease processes. NcRNAs are identified as critical regulators of the immune responses and immune system, particularly through the transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional modulation of immune-related genes. In recent years, ncRNAs have also been found in extracellular fluids and vesicles, known to mediate cell-to-cell communication, and may serve as disease-specific diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers. Thus, a profound understanding of the regulation ncRNAs is essential for postulating candidate targets and therapeutic strategies to recuperate the immune responses.

In this Special Issue, we invite the submission of articles accentuating on the functional and regulatory role of ncRNAs such as long noncoding RNAs, microRNAs, and circular RNAs as immunomodulatory agents. This will contribute to an extensive assessment regarding their role in several immune-mediated diseases and highlight the potential use of ncRNAs as biomarkers as well as novel targets for the development of new immunomodulatory therapies and strategies.

Dr. Roopa Biswas
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Non-Coding RNA is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • non-coding RNA
  • RNA biology
  • microRNA
  • lncRNA
  • circular RNA
  • epigenetics
  • biomarkers
  • inflammation
  • exosomes
  • immune responses
  • immunomodulatory therapies

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 4140 KiB  
Article
Systematic Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Inflammasome Activation in Monocytes/Macrophages
by Na Qian, Rebecca Distefano, Mirolyuba Ilieva, Jens Hedelund Madsen, Sarah Rennie and Shizuka Uchida
Non-Coding RNA 2023, 9(5), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna9050050 - 25 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1434
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a pivotal role in regulating inflammation and immune responses. Its activation can lead to an inflammatory response and pyroptotic cell death. This is beneficial in the case of infections, but excessive activation can lead to chronic inflammation and tissue [...] Read more.
The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a pivotal role in regulating inflammation and immune responses. Its activation can lead to an inflammatory response and pyroptotic cell death. This is beneficial in the case of infections, but excessive activation can lead to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Moreover, while most of the mammalian genome is transcribed as RNAs, only a small fraction codes for proteins. Among non-protein-coding RNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play key roles in regulating gene expression and cellular processes. They interact with DNA, RNAs, and proteins, and their dysregulation can provide insights into disease mechanisms, including NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Here, we systematically analyzed previously published RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in monocytes/macrophages to uncover inflammasome-regulated lncRNA genes. To uncover the functional importance of inflammasome-regulated lncRNA genes, one inflammasome-regulated lncRNA, ENSG00000273124, was knocked down in an in vitro model of macrophage polarization. The results indicate that silencing of ENSG00000273124 resulted in the up-regulation tumor necrosis factor (TNF), suggesting that this lncRNA might be involved in pro-inflammatory response in macrophages. To make our analyzed data more accessible, we developed the web database InflammasomeDB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-Coding RNA in the Immune System)
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Review

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14 pages, 964 KiB  
Review
Regulation of Macrophage Polarization in Allergy by Noncoding RNAs
by Osamu Ishibashi, Stefan A. Muljo and Zohirul Islam
Non-Coding RNA 2023, 9(6), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna9060075 - 11 Dec 2023
Viewed by 2305
Abstract
Allergy is a type 2 immune reaction triggered by antigens known as allergens, including food and environmental substances such as peanuts, plant pollen, fungal spores, and the feces and debris of mites and insects. Macrophages are myeloid immune cells with phagocytic abilities that [...] Read more.
Allergy is a type 2 immune reaction triggered by antigens known as allergens, including food and environmental substances such as peanuts, plant pollen, fungal spores, and the feces and debris of mites and insects. Macrophages are myeloid immune cells with phagocytic abilities that process exogenous and endogenous antigens. Upon activation, they can produce effector molecules such as cytokines as well as anti-inflammatory molecules. The dysregulation of macrophage function can lead to excessive type 1 inflammation as well as type 2 inflammation, which includes allergic reactions. Thus, it is important to better understand how macrophages are regulated in the pathogenesis of allergies. Emerging evidence highlights the role of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in macrophage polarization, which in turn can modify the pathogenesis of various immune-mediated diseases, including allergies. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding this topic and considers three classes of ncRNAs: microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular ncRNAs. Understanding the roles of these ncRNAs in macrophage polarization will provide new insights into the pathogenesis of allergies and identify potential novel therapeutic targets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-Coding RNA in the Immune System)
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21 pages, 3821 KiB  
Review
Long Non-Coding RNA Signatures in Lymphopoiesis and Lymphoid Malignancies
by Hamed Baghdadi, Reza Heidari, Mahdi Zavvar, Nazanin Ahmadi, Mehdi Shakouri Khomartash, Mahmoud Vahidi, Mojgan Mohammadimehr, Davood Bashash and Mahdi Ghorbani
Non-Coding RNA 2023, 9(4), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna9040044 - 1 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1701
Abstract
Lymphoid cells play a critical role in the immune system, which includes three subgroups of T, B, and NK cells. Recognition of the complexity of the human genetics transcriptome in lymphopoiesis has revolutionized our understanding of the regulatory potential of RNA in normal [...] Read more.
Lymphoid cells play a critical role in the immune system, which includes three subgroups of T, B, and NK cells. Recognition of the complexity of the human genetics transcriptome in lymphopoiesis has revolutionized our understanding of the regulatory potential of RNA in normal lymphopoiesis and lymphoid malignancies. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNA molecules greater than 200 nucleotides in length. LncRNAs have recently attracted much attention due to their critical roles in various biological processes, including gene regulation, chromatin organization, and cell cycle control. LncRNAs can also be used for cell differentiation and cell fate, as their expression patterns are often specific to particular cell types or developmental stages. Additionally, lncRNAs have been implicated in lymphoid differentiation, such as regulating T-cell and B-cell development, and their expression has been linked to immune-associated diseases such as leukemia and lymphoma. In addition, lncRNAs have been investigated as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response to disease management. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge about the regulatory role of lncRNAs in physiopathology processes during normal lymphopoiesis and lymphoid leukemia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-Coding RNA in the Immune System)
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