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Nanomaterials
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Nanogenerator for Self-Powering Indoor Electronics
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Nanogenerator for Self-Powering Indoor Electronics

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors and Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 21801

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jeong Min Baik

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Seoul, Republic of Korea
Interests: nanogenerators; thermoelectrics; hybrid cells; inorganic nanoparticles; selective catalytic reduction; chemical sensors
Dr. Sang Min Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
Interests: mechanical energy harvesting; triboelectric nanogenerator; energy-loss harvesting; water electrification; electrical stimulation; energy transfer medium; surface modification; kinematic design

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the emergence of the Internet of things (IoT), sustainable and reliable energy supplies are required for off-grid indoor electronic devices with low power consumption, such as sensors, wearable devices, and actuators. Compared to outdoor applications, energy harvesting from ambient sources is quite challenging because the available ambient indoor energy is drastically reduced and limited to only a few energy sources such as mechanical energies and indoor lights. However, recently, various devices with high efficiency have been developed, based on photovoltaic cells, triboelectric nanogenerators, and hybrid cells. The recent advancement in nanomaterials and nanotechnologies may also make the self-powering indoor electronics possible in the near future. This will make the IoT technologies more impactful and expandable.

This Special Issue of Nanomaterials will attempt to cover the recent advancements in nanogenerators for self-powering indoor electronics, including triboelectric nanogenerators, piezoelectric nanogenerators, photovoltaic cells, hybrid cells, and others.

Prof. Sang Min Lee
Prof. Dr. Jeong Min Baik
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 5333 KiB  
Article
3D Multiple Triangular Prisms for Highly Sensitive Non-Contact Mode Triboelectric Bending Sensors
by Gi Hyeon Han, Sun Woo Kim, Jin Kyeom Kim, Seung Hyun Lee, Myeong Hoon Jeong, Hyun Cheol Song, Kyoung Jin Choi and Jeong Min Baik
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(9), 1499; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12091499 - 28 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1757
Abstract
Here, a highly sensitive triboelectric bending sensor in non-contact mode operation, less sensitive to strain, is demonstrated by designing multiple triangular prisms at both sides of the polydimethylsiloxane film. The sensor can detect bending in a strained condition (up to 20%) as well [...] Read more.
Here, a highly sensitive triboelectric bending sensor in non-contact mode operation, less sensitive to strain, is demonstrated by designing multiple triangular prisms at both sides of the polydimethylsiloxane film. The sensor can detect bending in a strained condition (up to 20%) as well as bending direction with quite high linear sensitivity (~0.12/degree) up to 120°, due to the electrostatic induction effect between Al and poly (glycerol sebacate) methacrylate. Further increase of the bending angle to 135° significantly increases the sensitivity to 0.16/degree, due to the contact electrification between them. The sensors are attached on the top and bottom side of the proximal interphalangeal and wrist, demonstrating a directional bending sensor with an enhanced sensitivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanogenerator for Self-Powering Indoor Electronics)
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11 pages, 2538 KiB  
Article
A Study on UVC Photodetector Using Mixed-Cation Perovskite with High Detection Rate as Light-Absorption Layer
by Soo Beom Hong and Hyung Wook Choi
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(7), 1185; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12071185 - 01 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1811
Abstract
In this study, a mixed-cation perovskite ultraviolet (UV) C photodetector was fabricated using a simple formamidinium iodide (FAI) post-treatment process. The fabricated device uses FAxMA1−xPbI3 perovskite as a light-absorption layer and SnO2, which has high transmittance [...] Read more.
In this study, a mixed-cation perovskite ultraviolet (UV) C photodetector was fabricated using a simple formamidinium iodide (FAI) post-treatment process. The fabricated device uses FAxMA1−xPbI3 perovskite as a light-absorption layer and SnO2, which has high transmittance in the UVC wavelength region, as an electron-transport layer. The fabricated device exhibited a response of 50.8 mA/W, detectability of 4.47 × 1013 Jones, and external quantum efficiency of 53%. Therefore, the approach used in this study is promising for many applications in the UVC wavelength region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanogenerator for Self-Powering Indoor Electronics)
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12 pages, 4598 KiB  
Article
A Study to Improve the Performance of Mixed Cation–Halide Perovskite-Based UVC Photodetectors
by Ga In Choi and Hyung Wook Choi
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(7), 1132; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12071132 - 29 Mar 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2133
Abstract
Photodetectors convert optical signals into electrical signals and demonstrate application potential in various fields, such as optical communication, image detection, environmental monitoring, and optoelectronics. In this study, a mixed cation–halide perovskite-based ultraviolet C photodetector was fabricated using a solution process. The higher the [...] Read more.
Photodetectors convert optical signals into electrical signals and demonstrate application potential in various fields, such as optical communication, image detection, environmental monitoring, and optoelectronics. In this study, a mixed cation–halide perovskite-based ultraviolet C photodetector was fabricated using a solution process. The higher the mobility of the perovskite carrier, which is one of the factors affecting the performance of electronic power devices, the better the carrier diffusion. The on/off ratio and responsivity indicate the sensitivity of the response, and together with the detectivity and external quantum efficiency, these parameters demonstrate the performance of the detector. The detector fabricated in this study exhibited a mobility of 202.2 cm2/Vs and a high on/off ratio of 105% at a −2 V bias, under 254 nm light irradiation with an intensity of 0.6 mW/cm2. The responsivity, detectivity, and external quantum efficiency of the as-fabricated detector were 5.07 mA/W, 5.49 × 1011 Jones, and 24.8%, respectively. These findings demonstrate that the solution process employed in this study is suitable for the fabrication of mixed cation–halide perovskites which show immense potential for use as photodetectors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanogenerator for Self-Powering Indoor Electronics)
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14 pages, 14920 KiB  
Article
Thermally Stable PVDF-HFP-Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries
by Devanadane Mouraliraman, Nitheesha Shaji, Sekar Praveen, Murugan Nanthagopal, Chang Won Ho, Murugesan Varun Karthik, Taehyung Kim and Chang Woo Lee
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(7), 1056; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12071056 - 24 Mar 2022
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4968
Abstract
The development of gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has paved the way to powering futuristic technological applications such as hybrid electric vehicles and portable electronic devices. Despite their multiple advantages, non-aqueous liquid electrolytes (LEs) possess certain drawbacks, such as plasticizers [...] Read more.
The development of gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has paved the way to powering futuristic technological applications such as hybrid electric vehicles and portable electronic devices. Despite their multiple advantages, non-aqueous liquid electrolytes (LEs) possess certain drawbacks, such as plasticizers with flammable ethers and esters, electrochemical instability, and fluctuations in the active voltage scale, which limit the safety and working span of the batteries. However, these shortcomings can be rectified using GPEs, which result in the enhancement of functional properties such as thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability; electrolyte uptake; and ionic conductivity. Thus, we report on PVDF-HFP/PMMA/PVAc-based GPEs comprising poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-co-HFP) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) host polymers and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) as a guest polymer. A physicochemical characterization of the polymer membrane with GPE was conducted, and the electrochemical performance of the NCM811/Li half-cell with GPE was evaluated. The GPE exhibited an ionic conductivity of 4.24 × 10−4 S cm−1, and the NCM811/Li half-cell with GPE delivered an initial specific discharge capacity of 204 mAh g−1 at a current rate of 0.1 C. The cells exhibited excellent cyclic performance with 88% capacity retention after 50 cycles. Thus, this study presents a promising strategy for maintaining capacity retention, safety, and stable cyclic performance in rechargeable LIBs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanogenerator for Self-Powering Indoor Electronics)
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11 pages, 9365 KiB  
Article
Enhanced NaFe0.5Mn0.5O2/C Nanocomposite as a Cathode for Sodium-Ion Batteries
by Murugan Nanthagopal, Chang Won Ho, Nitheesha Shaji, Gyu Sang Sim, Murugesan Varun Karthik, Hong Ki Kim and Chang Woo Lee
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(6), 984; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12060984 - 16 Mar 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3474
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as an alternative candidate in the field of energy storage applications. To achieve the commercial success of SIBs, the designing of active materials is highly important. O3-type layered-NaFe0.5Mn0.5O2 (NFM) materials provide higher specific [...] Read more.
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as an alternative candidate in the field of energy storage applications. To achieve the commercial success of SIBs, the designing of active materials is highly important. O3-type layered-NaFe0.5Mn0.5O2 (NFM) materials provide higher specific capacity along with Earth-abundance and low cost. Nevertheless, the material possesses some disadvantages, such as a low rate capability and severe capacity fading during cycling. To overcome such drawbacks, composite O3-type layered NFM with carbon has been prepared for the cathode electrode of SIBs through a facile solution combustion method followed by calcination process. The introduction of carbon sources into NFM material provides excellent electrochemical performances; moreover, the practical limitations of NFM material such as low electrical conductivity, structural degradation, and cycle life are effectively controlled by introducing carbon sources into the host material. The NFM/C-2 material delivers the specific charge capacities of 171, 178, and 166 mA h g−1; and specific discharge capacities of 188, 169, and 162 mA h g−1, in the first 3 cycles, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanogenerator for Self-Powering Indoor Electronics)
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11 pages, 2732 KiB  
Article
Toward Enhanced Humidity Stability of Triboelectric Mechanical Sensors via Atomic Layer Deposition
by Wook Kim, Sumaira Yasmeen, Chi Thang Nguyen, Han-Bo-Ram Lee and Dukhyun Choi
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(7), 1795; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11071795 - 09 Jul 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3296
Abstract
Humid conditions can disrupt the triboelectric signal generation and reduce the accuracy of triboelectric mechanical sensors. This study demonstrates a novel design approach using atomic layer deposition (ALD) to enhance the humidity resistance of triboelectric mechanical sensors. Titanium oxide (TiOx) was [...] Read more.
Humid conditions can disrupt the triboelectric signal generation and reduce the accuracy of triboelectric mechanical sensors. This study demonstrates a novel design approach using atomic layer deposition (ALD) to enhance the humidity resistance of triboelectric mechanical sensors. Titanium oxide (TiOx) was deposited on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film as a moisture passivation layer. To determine the effective ALD process cycle, the TiOx layer was deposited with 100 to 2000 process cycles. The triboelectric behavior and surface chemical bonding states were analyzed before and after moisture exposure. The ALD-TiOx-deposited PTFE showed three times greater humidity stability than pristine PTFE film. Based on the characterization of TiOx on PTFE film, the passivation mechanism was proposed, and it was related to the role of the oxygen-deficient sites in the TiOx layer. This study could provide a novel way to design stable triboelectric mechanical sensors in highly humid environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanogenerator for Self-Powering Indoor Electronics)
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13 pages, 5485 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of Graphene Based Durable Intelligent Personal Protective Clothing for Conventional and Non-Conventional Chemical Threats
by Youngho Jin, Dongwon Ka, Seongon Jang, Deokjae Heo, Jin Ah Seo, Hyunsook Jung, Keunhong Jeong and Sangmin Lee
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(4), 940; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11040940 - 07 Apr 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3317
Abstract
Conventional or non-conventional chemical threat is gaining huge attention due to its unpredictable and mass destructive effects. Typical military protective suits have drawbacks such as high weight, bulky structure, and unpredictable lifetime. A durable, light, and scalable graphene e-fabric was fabricated from CVD-grown [...] Read more.
Conventional or non-conventional chemical threat is gaining huge attention due to its unpredictable and mass destructive effects. Typical military protective suits have drawbacks such as high weight, bulky structure, and unpredictable lifetime. A durable, light, and scalable graphene e-fabric was fabricated from CVD-grown graphene by a simple co-lamination method. The sheet resistance was below 1 kΩ/sq over the wide surface area even after 1000 bending cycles. A graphene triboelectric nanogenerator showed the peak VOC of 68 V and the peak ICC of 14.4 μA and 1 μF capacitor was charged successfully in less than 1 s. A wearable chemical sensor was also fabricated and showed a sensitivity up to 53% for nerve chemical warfare agents (GD). DFT calculations were conducted to unveil the fundamental mechanisms underlying the graphene e-fabric sensor. Additionally, protection against chemical warfare agents was tested, and a design concept of graphene-based intelligent protective clothing has been proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanogenerator for Self-Powering Indoor Electronics)
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