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Nanomaterials
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Advances in Antimicrobial Nanoparticles
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Advances in Antimicrobial Nanoparticles

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Biology and Medicines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2021) | Viewed by 10051

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ioannis Liakos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Micro-BioRobotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025 Pisa, Italy
Interests: nanotechnology; bio-robotics; 3D printing; bio-mimetics; drug delivery; environmental health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

According to World Health Organization, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) which is the ability of a microorganism (bacteria, viruses, parasites) to stop an antimicrobial (antibiotic, antiviral and antimalarial) from working against it, is becoming an increasingly serious threat to global public health. Standard treatments become ineffective, infections persist and may spread to others. Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used to target microorganisms as an alternative to the development of new antibiotics. Nanotechnology, due to the small size of the particles and their interaction with microorganisms, can be advantageous in treating bacterial infections such as skin, upper and lower respiratory, ear, eye, and other infections in various parts and organs of the human body. NPs can be used either in solution, lyophilized, coated or incorporated into drug delivery devices to treat infection diseases, generate microbial diagnostics and antimicrobial vaccines. Sources of NPs include polymers, natural compounds, metals, organic, inorganic, composites and others. Synergistic effects of nanotechnology with antibiotics, natural extracts and photo-radiation; the mechanism of action against microbes are also important parameters for fighting AMR.

Dr. Ioannis L. Liakos
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Antimicrobial
  • Nanoparticles
  • Nanotechnology
  • Drug delivery
  • Medical devices

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 10289 KiB  
Article
Immunomodulatory Function of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles in Vibrio-Stimulated Sea Urchin Immune Cells
by Andi Alijagic, Angela Bonura, Francesco Barbero, Victor F. Puntes, Francesco Gervasi and Annalisa Pinsino
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(10), 2646; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11102646 - 08 Oct 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2056
Abstract
We investigated the role of the gold nanoparticles functionalized with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP–AuNPs) on the innate immune response against an acute infection caused by Vibrio anguillarum in an in vitro immunological nonmammalian next-generation model, the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. To profile the immunomodulatory [...] Read more.
We investigated the role of the gold nanoparticles functionalized with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP–AuNPs) on the innate immune response against an acute infection caused by Vibrio anguillarum in an in vitro immunological nonmammalian next-generation model, the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. To profile the immunomodulatory function of PVP–AuNPs (0.1 μg mL−1) in sea urchin immune cells stimulated by Vibrio (10 μg mL−1) for 3 h, we focused on the baseline immunological state of the donor, and we analysed the topography, cellular metabolism, and expression of human cell surface antigens of the exposed cells, as well as the signalling leading the interaction between PVP–AuNPs and the Vibrio-stimulated cells. PVP–AuNPs are not able to silence the inflammatory signalling (TLR4/p38MAPK/NF-κB signalling) that involves the whole population of P. lividus immune cells exposed to Vibrio. However, our findings emphasise the ability of PVP–AuNPs to stimulate a subset of rare cells (defined here as Group 3) that express CD45 and CD14 antigens on their surface, which are known to be involved in immune cell maturation and macrophage activation in humans. Our evidence on how PVP–AuNPs may stimulate sea urchin immune cells represents an important starting point for planning new research work on the topic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Antimicrobial Nanoparticles)
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15 pages, 2437 KiB  
Article
Targeting Intracellular Mycobacteria Using Nanosized Niosomes Loaded with Antibacterial Agents
by Yael Nicole Slavin, Kristina Ivanova, Wei-lun Tang, Tzanko Tzanov, Shyh-dar Li and Horacio Bach
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(8), 1984; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11081984 - 01 Aug 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2639
Abstract
Background: Pathogenic intracellular mycobacteria are challenging to treat because of the waxy and complex cell wall characterizing the genus. Niosomes are vesicles with biomimetic cell membrane composition, which allow them to efficiently bind to the eukaryotic cells and deliver their cargo into the [...] Read more.
Background: Pathogenic intracellular mycobacteria are challenging to treat because of the waxy and complex cell wall characterizing the genus. Niosomes are vesicles with biomimetic cell membrane composition, which allow them to efficiently bind to the eukaryotic cells and deliver their cargo into the cytoplasm. The objective of this study was to develop a new platform based on niosomes loaded with antimicrobial agents to target intracellular mycobacteria. Nanoniosomes were fabricated and loaded with antibiotics and lignin–silver nanoparticles. The efficacy of these nanoniosomes was tested against the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium abscessus used as a model of infection of human-derived macrophages (THP-1). The cytotoxicity and the immunological response of the agents were tested on THP-1 cells using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, respectively. Results: M. abscessus was susceptible to the nanoniosomes in infected THP-1 macrophages, suggesting that the nanoniosomes were internalized due to their fusion to the macrophage cellular membrane. Moreover, nanoniosomes showed no upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines when exposed to THP-1 macrophages. Conclusions: Nanoniosomes improved drug efficacy while decreasing toxicity and should be considered for further testing in the treatment of intracellular pathogenic mycobacteria or as a new platform for precise intracellular delivery of drugs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Antimicrobial Nanoparticles)
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14 pages, 2969 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles by Using Green Machinery: Characterization and In Vitro Toxicity
by Ahmed Al Saqr, El-Sayed Khafagy, Ahmed Alalaiwe, Mohammed F. Aldawsari, Saad M. Alshahrani, Md. Khalid Anwer, Salman Khan, Amr S. Abu Lila, Hany H. Arab and Wael A. H. Hegazy
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(3), 808; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11030808 - 22 Mar 2021
Cited by 75 | Viewed by 4568
Abstract
Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with plant extracts has gained considerable interest in the field of biomedicine. Recently, the bioreduction nature of herbal extracts has helped to synthesize spherical GNPs of different potential from gold salt. In this study, a fast ecofriendly [...] Read more.
Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with plant extracts has gained considerable interest in the field of biomedicine. Recently, the bioreduction nature of herbal extracts has helped to synthesize spherical GNPs of different potential from gold salt. In this study, a fast ecofriendly method was adopted for the synthesis of GNPs using fresh peel (aqueous) extracts of Benincasa hispida, which acted as reducing and stabilizing agents. The biosynthesized GNPs were characterized by UV–VIS and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering. In addition, the in vitro antibacterial and anticancer activities of synthesized GNPs were investigated. The formation of gold nanoparticles was confirmed by the existence of a sharp absorption peak at 520 nm, corresponding to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of the GNPs. TEM analysis revealed that the prepared GNPs were spherical in shape and had an average particle size of 22.18 ± 2 nm. Most importantly, the synthesized GNPs exhibited considerable antibacterial activity against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, the biosynthesized GNPs exerted remarkable in vitro cytotoxicity against human cervical cancer cell line, while sparing normal human primary osteoblast cells. Such cytotoxic effect was attributed to the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that contributed to the damage of HeLa cells. Collectively, peel extracts of B. hispida can be efficiently used for the synthesis of GNPs, which can be adopted as a natural source of antimicrobial and anticancer agent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Antimicrobial Nanoparticles)
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