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Nanomaterials
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Fabrication and Characterization of Nanostructured Carbon Electrodes
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Fabrication and Characterization of Nanostructured Carbon Electrodes

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors and Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2022) | Viewed by 12537

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Meltem Yanilmaz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Textile Technology and Design, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
Interests: centrifugally spun; electrode
Dr. Jiadeng Zhu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
Interests: polymers; energy; fibers; biomaterials; low-dimensional materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Technological breakthroughs and research focus in the energy storage field have been intensely directed towards the development of nanostructured electrodes, especially for recharge batteries and supercapacitors. Among them, nanostructured carbon materials are promising electrode materials and have been widely studied owing to their tailorable structures, which offer large active sites and reduce the path of transport for mass and charge and thus provide fast pathways for electrons. Carbon nanostructured electrodes such as nanofibers, activated carbons, nanotubes, nanoparticles, etc. have been investigated to improve devices’ electrochemical performance. The engineering of nanostructured carbons with porous structures could further increase surface area, enhance electron transfer, and thus improve electrochemical performance. Additionally, designing nanocomposite structures with various active materials and techniques has been proven to effectively fabricate high-performance electrodes. This Special Issue on “Fabrication and Characterization of Nanostructured Carbon Electrodes” will attempt to cover the recent advances in nanostructured carbon electrodes for rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors, concerning not only their synthesis and characterization but also their functional properties as well as practical applications. Therefore, this Special Issue welcomes contributions in the form of of full papers, communications, perspectives, and reviews from all researchers working on nanostructured electrodes, as well as on their characterization and properties.

Dr. Meltem Yanilmaz
Dr. Jiadeng Zhu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanostructures
  • carbon
  • electrodes
  • nanocomposites
  • batteries
  • supercapacitors

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

2 pages, 175 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue “Fabrication and Characterization of Nanostructured Carbon Electrodes”
by Meltem Yanilmaz and Jiadeng Zhu
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(21), 2849; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13212849 - 27 Oct 2023
Viewed by 574
Abstract
The nanostructured carbon materials are promising electrode materials and have been widely studied owing to their tailorable structures, which offer large active sites and reduce the path of transport for mass and charge and thus provide fast pathways for electrons in rechargeable batteries [...] Read more.
The nanostructured carbon materials are promising electrode materials and have been widely studied owing to their tailorable structures, which offer large active sites and reduce the path of transport for mass and charge and thus provide fast pathways for electrons in rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fabrication and Characterization of Nanostructured Carbon Electrodes)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

9 pages, 2192 KiB  
Article
Flexible MoS2 Anchored on Ge-Containing Carbon Nanofibers
by Meltem Yanilmaz and Jung Joong Kim
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(1), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13010075 - 23 Dec 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1421
Abstract
Germanium is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) because of its high theoretical specific capacity, high ion diffusivity, and rate capability. However, large volume changes and pulverization deteriorate the cycling performance. In this study, flexible electrospun germanium/carbon nanofibers (Ge/CNFs) were prepared [...] Read more.
Germanium is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) because of its high theoretical specific capacity, high ion diffusivity, and rate capability. However, large volume changes and pulverization deteriorate the cycling performance. In this study, flexible electrospun germanium/carbon nanofibers (Ge/CNFs) were prepared via electrospinning followed by heat treatment. MoS2 nanoparticles were subsequently anchored on the flexible Ge/CNFs via hydrothermal synthesis. Flexible MoS2 anchored on Ge/CNFs (MoS2@Ge/CNFs) was used as a self-standing binder-free anode in an SIB. Because of the high electronic conductivity of CNFs and the many active sites of MoS2 nanoparticles, a high initial capacity of over 880 mAh/g was achieved at a current density of 0.1 A/g. Moreover, the flexible binder-free MoS2@Ge/CNFs exhibited an excellent C-rate performance with a reversible capacity of over 300 mAh/g at a current density of 2 A/g. Therefore, we demonstrated that flexible binder-free MoS2@Ge/CNFs are a promising electrode candidate for a high-performance rechargeable battery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fabrication and Characterization of Nanostructured Carbon Electrodes)
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13 pages, 3550 KiB  
Article
MoS2-Decorated Graphene@porous Carbon Nanofiber Anodes via Centrifugal Spinning
by Elham Abdolrazzaghian, Jiadeng Zhu, Juran Kim and Meltem Yanilmaz
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(14), 2505; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12142505 - 21 Jul 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1768
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries as green energy storage devices because of their similar working principles and the abundance of low-cost sodium resources. Nanostructured carbon materials are attracting great interest as high-performance anodes for SIBs. Herein, a simple and [...] Read more.
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries as green energy storage devices because of their similar working principles and the abundance of low-cost sodium resources. Nanostructured carbon materials are attracting great interest as high-performance anodes for SIBs. Herein, a simple and fast technique to prepare carbon nanofibers (CNFs) is presented, and the effects of carbonization conditions on the morphology and electrochemical properties of CNF anodes in Li- and Na-ion batteries are investigated. Porous CNFs containing graphene were fabricated via centrifugal spinning, and MoS2 were decorated on graphene-included porous CNFs via hydrothermal synthesis. The effect of MoS2 on the morphology and the electrode performance was examined in detail. The results showed that the combination of centrifugal spinning, hydrothermal synthesis, and heat treatment is an efficient way to fabricate high-performance electrodes for rechargeable batteries. Furthermore, CNFs fabricated at a carbonization temperature of 800 °C delivered the highest capacity, and the addition of MoS2 improved the reversible capacity up to 860 mAh/g and 455 mAh/g for Li- and Na-ion batteries, respectively. A specific capacity of over 380 mAh/g was observed even at a high current density of 1 A/g. Centrifugal spinning and hydrothermal synthesis allowed for the fabrication of high-performance electrodes for sodium ion batteries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fabrication and Characterization of Nanostructured Carbon Electrodes)
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15 pages, 5727 KiB  
Article
Bio-Derived Carbon with Tailored Hierarchical Pore Structures and Ultra-High Specific Surface Area for Superior and Advanced Supercapacitors
by Fuming Zhang, Xiangshang Xiao, Dayakar Gandla, Zhaoxi Liu, Daniel Q. Tan and Yair Ein-Eli
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12010027 - 23 Dec 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3237
Abstract
We report here on a hollow-fiber hierarchical porous carbon exhibiting an ultra-high specific surface area, synthesized by a facile method of carbonization and activation, using the Metaplexis Japonica (MJ) shell. The Metaplexis Japonica-based activated carbon demonstrated a very high specific surface area of [...] Read more.
We report here on a hollow-fiber hierarchical porous carbon exhibiting an ultra-high specific surface area, synthesized by a facile method of carbonization and activation, using the Metaplexis Japonica (MJ) shell. The Metaplexis Japonica-based activated carbon demonstrated a very high specific surface area of 3635 m2 g−1. Correspondingly, the derived carbonaceous material delivers an ultra-high capacitance and superb cycle life in an alkaline electrolyte. The pore-ion size compatibility is optimized using tailored hierarchical porous carbon and different ion sized organic electrolytes. In ionic liquids nonaqueous based electrolytes we tailored the MJ carbon pore structure to the electrolyte ion size. The corresponding supercapacitor shows a superior rate performance and low impedance, and the device records specific energy and specific power densities as high as 76 Wh kg−1 and 6521 W kg−1, as well as a pronounced cycling durability in the ionic liquid electrolytes. Overall, we suggest a protocol for promising carbonaceous electrode materials enabling superior supercapacitors performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fabrication and Characterization of Nanostructured Carbon Electrodes)
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17 pages, 4854 KiB  
Article
Polypyrrole and Graphene Nanoplatelets Inks as Electrodes for Flexible Solid-State Supercapacitor
by Antonella Arena, Caterina Branca, Carmine Ciofi, Giovanna D’Angelo, Valentino Romano and Graziella Scandurra
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(10), 2589; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11102589 - 30 Sep 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 1977
Abstract
Flexible energy storage devices and supercapacitors in particular have become very attractive due to the growing demand for wearable consumer devices. To obtain supercapacitors with improved performance, it is useful to resort to hybrid electrodes, usually nanocomposites, that combine the excellent charge transport [...] Read more.
Flexible energy storage devices and supercapacitors in particular have become very attractive due to the growing demand for wearable consumer devices. To obtain supercapacitors with improved performance, it is useful to resort to hybrid electrodes, usually nanocomposites, that combine the excellent charge transport properties and high surface area of nanostructured carbon with the electrochemical activity of suitable metal oxides or conjugated polymers. In this work, electrochemically active conducting inks are developed starting from commercially available polypyrrole and graphene nanoplatelets blended with dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid. Films prepared by applying the developed inks are characterized by means of Raman measurements, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis, and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) investigations. Planar supercapacitor prototypes with an active area below ten mm2 are then prepared by applying the inks onto transparency sheets, separated by an ion-permeable nafion layer impregnated with lithium hexafluorophospate, and characterized by means of electrical measurements. According to the experimental results, the devices show both pseudocapacitive and electric double layer behavior, resulting in areal capacitance that, when obtained from about 100 mF⋅cm−2 in the sample with polypyrrole-based electrodes, increases by a factor of about 3 when using electrodes deposited from inks containing polypyrrole and graphene nanoplateles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fabrication and Characterization of Nanostructured Carbon Electrodes)
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Review

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25 pages, 6612 KiB  
Review
Recent Developments of Tin (II) Sulfide/Carbon Composites for Achieving High-Performance Lithium Ion Batteries: A Critical Review
by Sharif Tasnim Mahmud, Rony Mia, Sakil Mahmud, Sha Sha, Ruquan Zhang, Zhongmin Deng, Meltem Yanilmaz, Lei Luo and Jiadeng Zhu
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(8), 1246; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12081246 - 07 Apr 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2573
Abstract
The ever-increasing worldwide energy demand and the limited resources of fossil have forced the urgent adoption of renewable energy sources. Additionally, concerns over CO2 emissions and potential increases in fuel prices have boosted technical efforts to make hybrid and electric vehicles more [...] Read more.
The ever-increasing worldwide energy demand and the limited resources of fossil have forced the urgent adoption of renewable energy sources. Additionally, concerns over CO2 emissions and potential increases in fuel prices have boosted technical efforts to make hybrid and electric vehicles more accessible to the public. Rechargeable batteries are undoubtedly a key player in this regard, especially lithium ion batteries (LIBs), which have high power capacity, a fast charge/discharge rate, and good cycle stability, while their further energy density improvement has been severely limited, because of the relatively low theoretical capacity of the graphite anode material which is mostly used. Among various high-capacity anode candidates, tin (II) sulfide (SnS2) has been attracted remarkable attention for high-energy LIBs due to its enormous resource and simplicity of synthesis, in addition to its high theoretical capacity. However, SnS2 has poor intrinsic conductivity, a big volume transition, and a low initial Coulombic efficiency, resulting in a short lifespan. SnS2/carbon composites have been considered to be a most promising approach to addressing the abovementioned issues. Therefore, this review summarizes the current progress in the synthesis of SnS2/carbon anode materials and their Li-ion storage properties, with special attention to the developments in Li-based technology, attributed to its immense current importance and promising prospects. Finally, the existing challenges within this field are presented, and potential opportunities are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fabrication and Characterization of Nanostructured Carbon Electrodes)
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