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Nanomaterials
Special Issues
Stable Perovskite Materials: From Synthesis to Optoelectronic Devices
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Stable Perovskite Materials: From Synthesis to Optoelectronic Devices

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Solar Energy and Solar Cells".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 16083

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sofia Masi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
Interests: perovskite solar cells; perovskite LEDs; nuclear magnetic spectroscopy; nanomaterials; perovskite quantum dots; PbS quantum dots; hole transport layer; electron transport layer; lead-free perovskite; photocatalysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metal halide perovskites have emerged as a class of semiconductor materials with unique optoelectronic properties that enable a broad range of energy-related applications. Since the first application of metal halide perovskites, their photoconversion efficiencies have been improved to 25%. However, in moving towards commercialization, the scientific community is focusing the efforts on the contemporary challenges associated with the limited operational stability of hybrid perovskites and on the replacement of lead (Pb) with less toxic metals, commonly tin (Sn). This Special Issue of Nanomaterials aims to publish original research papers and review articles focusing on the innovative synthesis and application of stable and/or lead-free perovskite, in the form of methylammonium-free perovskite, nanocomposite perovskite additives, 2D perovskite, and perovskite quantum dots, in order to understand the fundamental degradation mechanisms and address them. Recent advances towards deepening the understanding of the nature of instabilities in hybrid perovskite materials and the corresponding devices from the perspective of structural properties and optoelectronics as well as device operation will be covered.

In this Special Issue, we aim to provide a timely perspective on the advances in perovskite optoelectronics, especially those related to stabilization strategies. Topics to be covered include (but are not limited to):

  • Chemical–structural strategies to stabilize hybrid perovskites;
  • Low-dimensional perovskites for stable devices;
  • Stability of hybrid perovskite devices under real-world operation conditions;
  • Lead-free stable perovskite synthesis and optical properties;
  • Advanced optoelectronic devices (solar cells, LEDs);
  • Photocatalysis.

Experimental and theoretical contributions are both welcome.

Accepted papers are published in the joint Special Issue in Nanomaterials or Nanomanufacturing (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/nanomanufacturing/special_issues/Nanom_Optoele_Perov).

Dr. Sofia Masi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Stability
  • Metal halide perovskite
  • 2D/ 3D perovskite
  • Perovskite quantum dots
  • Lead-free perovskite
  • Surface chemistry
  • Crystal phase stability
  • Strain in metal halide perovskite
  • Ambient stability
  • Solar cells
  • LEDs
  • Optoelectronics

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 3914 KiB  
Article
Green Synthesis of Lead Sulphide Nanoparticles for High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cell Applications
by Mohammad Aminul Islam, Dilip Kumar Sarkar, Md. Shahinuzzaman, Yasmin Abdul Wahab, Mayeen Uddin Khandaker, Nissren Tamam, Abdelmoneim Sulieman, Nowshad Amin and Md. Akhtaruzzaman
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(11), 1933; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12111933 - 05 Jun 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2560
Abstract
In this study, lead sulfide (PbS) nanoparticles were synthesized by the chemical precipitation method using Aloe Vera extract with PbCl2 and Thiourea (H2N-CS-NH2). The synthesized nanoparticles have been investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), [...] Read more.
In this study, lead sulfide (PbS) nanoparticles were synthesized by the chemical precipitation method using Aloe Vera extract with PbCl2 and Thiourea (H2N-CS-NH2). The synthesized nanoparticles have been investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD and TEM results confirm that the films are in the cubic phase. The crystallite size, lattice constant, micro-strain, dislocation density, optical bandgap, etc. have been determined using XRD and UV-Vis for investigating the quality of prepared nanoparticles. The possible application of these synthesized nanoparticles in the solar cells was investigated by fabricating the thin films on an FTO-coated and bare glass substrate. The properties of nanoparticles were found to be nearly retained in the film state as well. The experimentally found properties of thin films have been implemented for perovskite solar cell simulation and current-voltage and capacitance-voltage characteristics have been investigated. The simulation results showed that PbS nanoparticles could be a potential hole transport layer for high-efficiency perovskite solar cell applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stable Perovskite Materials: From Synthesis to Optoelectronic Devices)
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9 pages, 4427 KiB  
Article
Properties of Halide Perovskite Photodetectors with Little Rubidium Incorporation
by Yuan-Wen Hsiao, Jyun-You Song, Hsuan-Ta Wu, Ching-Chich Leu and Chuan-Feng Shih
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(1), 157; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12010157 - 03 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2027
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of Rb doping on the Rb-formamidinium-methylammonium-PbI3 based perovskite photodetectors. Rb was incorporated in the perovskite films with different contents, and the corresponding photo-response properties were studied. Doping of few Rb (~2.5%) was found to greatly increase the [...] Read more.
This study investigates the effects of Rb doping on the Rb-formamidinium-methylammonium-PbI3 based perovskite photodetectors. Rb was incorporated in the perovskite films with different contents, and the corresponding photo-response properties were studied. Doping of few Rb (~2.5%) was found to greatly increase the grain size and the absorbance of the perovskite. However, when the Rb content was greater than 2.5%, clustering of the Rb-rich phases emerged, the band gap decreased, and additional absorption band edge was found. The excess Rb-rich phases were the main cause that degraded the performance of the photodetectors. By space charge limit current analyses, the Rb was found to passivate the defects in the perovskite, lowering the leakage current and reducing the trap densities of carriers. This fact was used to explain the increase in the detectivity. To clarify the effect of Rb, the photovoltaic properties were measured. Similarly, h perovskite with 2.5% Rb doping increased the short-circuit current, revealing the decline of the internal defects. The 2.5% Rb doped photodetector showed the best performance with responsivity of 0.28 AW−1 and ~50% quantum efficiency. Detectivity as high as 4.6 × 1011 Jones was obtained, owing to the improved crystallinity and reduced defects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stable Perovskite Materials: From Synthesis to Optoelectronic Devices)
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13 pages, 4442 KiB  
Article
Effect of PbSO4-Oleate Coverage on Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots to Control Halide Exchange Kinetics
by Yeonsu Woo, Seeun Park and Seog Joon Yoon
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(10), 2515; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11102515 - 27 Sep 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2130
Abstract
The selective control of halide ion exchange in metal halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) plays an important role in determining their band gap and composition. In this study, CsPbX3 (X = Cl−, Br−, and I−) PQDs [...] Read more.
The selective control of halide ion exchange in metal halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) plays an important role in determining their band gap and composition. In this study, CsPbX3 (X = Cl−, Br−, and I−) PQDs were self-assembled with PbSO4-oleate to form a peapod-like morphology to selectively control halide ion exchange. Considering the distinct absorption and bright luminescence characteristics of these PQDs, in situ UV-Vis. absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies were employed to monitor the time-dependent band gap and compositional changes of the PQDs. We determined that the halide exchange in the capped PQDs is hindered—unlike the rapid anion exchange in noncapped PQDs—by a reduction in the halide exchange kinetic rate depending on the extent of coverage of the PQDs. Thus, we tracked the halide ion exchange kinetics between CsPbBr3 and CsPbI3 PQDs, depending on the coverage, using in situ UV-Vis. absorption/photoluminescence spectroscopy. We regulated the halide exchange reaction rate by varying the capping reaction temperature of the PQDs. The capping hindered the halide exchange kinetics and increased the activation energy. These results will enable the development of white LEDs, photovoltaic cells, and photocatalysts with alternative structural designs based on the divalent composition of CsPbX3 PQDs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stable Perovskite Materials: From Synthesis to Optoelectronic Devices)
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Review

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22 pages, 30681 KiB  
Review
The Anodization of Thin Titania Layers as a Facile Process towards Semitransparent and Ordered Electrode Material
by Dujearic-Stephane Kouao, Katarzyna Grochowska and Katarzyna Siuzdak
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(7), 1131; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12071131 - 29 Mar 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2036
Abstract
Photoanodes consisting of titania nanotubes (TNTs) grown on transparent conductive oxides (TCO) by anodic oxidation are being widely investigated as a low-cost alternative to silicon-based materials, e.g., in solar light-harvesting applications. Intending to enhance the optical properties of those photoanodes, the modification of [...] Read more.
Photoanodes consisting of titania nanotubes (TNTs) grown on transparent conductive oxides (TCO) by anodic oxidation are being widely investigated as a low-cost alternative to silicon-based materials, e.g., in solar light-harvesting applications. Intending to enhance the optical properties of those photoanodes, the modification of the surface chemistry or control of the geometrical characteristics of developed TNTs has been explored. In this review, the recent advancement in light-harvesting properties of transparent anodic TNTs formed onto TCO is summarized. The physical deposition methods such as magnetron sputtering, pulsed laser deposition and electron beam evaporation are the most reported for the deposition of Ti film onto TCO, which are subsequently anodized. A concise description of methods utilized to improve the adhesion of the deposited film and achieve TNT layers without cracks and delamination after the anodization is outlined. Then, the different models describing the formation mechanism of anodic TNTs are discussed with particular focus on the impact of the deposited Ti film thickness on the adhesion of TNTs. Finally, the effects of the modifications of both the surface chemistry and morphological features of materials on their photocatalyst and photovoltaic performances are discussed. For each section, experimental results obtained by different research groups are evoked. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stable Perovskite Materials: From Synthesis to Optoelectronic Devices)
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19 pages, 2331 KiB  
Review
The Contribution of NMR Spectroscopy in Understanding Perovskite Stabilization Phenomena
by Federica Aiello and Sofia Masi
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(8), 2024; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11082024 - 08 Aug 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 6248
Abstract
Although it has been exploited since the late 1900s to study hybrid perovskite materials, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has only recently received extraordinary research attention in this field. This very powerful technique allows the study of the physico-chemical and structural properties of [...] Read more.
Although it has been exploited since the late 1900s to study hybrid perovskite materials, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has only recently received extraordinary research attention in this field. This very powerful technique allows the study of the physico-chemical and structural properties of molecules by observing the quantum mechanical magnetic properties of an atomic nucleus, in solution as well as in solid state. Its versatility makes it a promising technique either for the atomic and molecular characterization of perovskite precursors in colloidal solution or for the study of the geometry and phase transitions of the obtained perovskite crystals, commonly used as a reference material compared with thin films prepared for applications in optoelectronic devices. This review will explore beyond the current focus on the stability of perovskites (3D in bulk and nanocrystals) investigated via NMR spectroscopy, in order to highlight the chemical flexibility of perovskites and the role of interactions for thermodynamic and moisture stabilization. The exceptional potential of the vast NMR tool set in perovskite structural characterization will be discussed, aimed at choosing the most stable material for optoelectronic applications. The concept of a double-sided characterization in solution and in solid state, in which the organic and inorganic structural components provide unique interactions with each other and with the external components (solvents, additives, etc.), for material solutions processed in thin films, denotes a significant contemporary target. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stable Perovskite Materials: From Synthesis to Optoelectronic Devices)
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