Research

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12 pages, 2197 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Vitro Evaluation of Sulforaphane and a Natural Analog as Potent Inducers of 5-Fluorouracil Anticancer Activity

by Małgorzata Milczarek, Lidia Mielczarek, Katarzyna Lubelska, Aleksandra Dąbrowska, Zdzisław Chilmonczyk, Dariusz Matosiuk and Katarzyna Wiktorska

Molecules 2018, 23(11), 3040; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23113040 - 21 Nov 2018

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4094

Abstract

Isothiocyanates (R-NCS) are sulphur-containing phytochemicals. The main source are plants of the Brassicaceae family. The best known plant-derived isothiocyanate is sulforaphane that has exhibited anticancer activity in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Recent attempts to expand their use in cancer therapy [...] Read more.

Isothiocyanates (R-NCS) are sulphur-containing phytochemicals. The main source are plants of the Brassicaceae family. The best known plant-derived isothiocyanate is sulforaphane that has exhibited anticancer activity in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Recent attempts to expand their use in cancer therapy involve combining them with standard chemotherapeutics in order to increase their therapeutic efficacy. The aim of this paper is to determine the impact of sulforaphane and its natural analog alyssin on the anticancer activity of the well-known anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil. The type of drug-drug interactions was determined in prostate and colon cancer cell lines. Confocal microscopy, western blot and flow cytometry methods were employed to determine the mechanism of cytotoxic and cytostatic action of the combinations. The study revealed that additive or synergistic interactions were observed between 5-fluorouracil and both isothiocyanates, which enhanced the anticancer activity of 5-fluorouracil, particularly in colon cancer cell lines. An increased cytostatic effect was observed in case of alyssin while for sulforaphane the synergistic interaction with 5-fluorouracil involved an intensification of apoptotic cell death. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focusing on Sulfur in Medicinal Chemistry)

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16 pages, 5622 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Development of Kinase Inhibitors via Metal-Catalyzed C–H Arylation of 8-Alkyl-thiazolo[5,4-f]-quinazolin-9-ones Designed by Fragment-Growing Studies

by Florence Couly, Marine Harari, Carole Dubouilh-Benard, Laetitia Bailly, Emilie Petit, Julien Diharce, Pascal Bonnet, Laurent Meijer, Corinne Fruit and Thierry Besson

Molecules 2018, 23(9), 2181; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092181 - 29 Aug 2018

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4492

Abstract

Efficient metal catalyzed C–H arylation of 8-alkyl-thiazolo[5,4-f]-quinazolin-9-ones was explored for SAR studies. Application of this powerful chemical tool at the last stage of the synthesis of kinase inhibitors allowed the synthesis of arrays of molecules inspired by fragment-growing studies generated by [...] Read more.

Efficient metal catalyzed C–H arylation of 8-alkyl-thiazolo[5,4-f]-quinazolin-9-ones was explored for SAR studies. Application of this powerful chemical tool at the last stage of the synthesis of kinase inhibitors allowed the synthesis of arrays of molecules inspired by fragment-growing studies generated by molecular modeling calculations. Among the potentially active compounds designed through this strategy, FC162 (4c) exhibits nanomolar IC₅₀ values against some kinases, and is the best candidate for the development as a DYRK kinase inhibitor. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focusing on Sulfur in Medicinal Chemistry)

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13 pages, 2829 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Synthesis of 2-Mercapto-(2-Oxoindolin-3-Ylidene)Acetonitriles from 3-(4-Chloro-5H-1,2,3-Dithiazol-5-Ylidene)Indolin-2-ones

by Boris Letribot, Régis Delatouche, Hervé Rouillard, Antoine Bonnet, Jean-René Chérouvrier, Lisianne Domon, Thierry Besson and Valérie Thiéry

Molecules 2018, 23(6), 1390; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23061390 - 08 Jun 2018

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5079

Abstract

Alkylidene oxindoles are important functional moieties and building blocks in pharmaceutical and synthetic chemistry. Our interest in biologically active compounds focused our studies on the synthesis of novel oxindoles, bearing on the exocyclic double bond at the C8, CN, and S groups. Extending [...] Read more.

Alkylidene oxindoles are important functional moieties and building blocks in pharmaceutical and synthetic chemistry. Our interest in biologically active compounds focused our studies on the synthesis of novel oxindoles, bearing on the exocyclic double bond at the C8, CN, and S groups. Extending the potential applications of Appel’s salt, we developed a new synthetic approach by investigating the reactions of C5-substituted 2-oxindoles with 4,5-dichloro-1,2,3-dithiazolium chloride (Appel’s salt) to give original (Z)-3-(4-chloro-5H-1,2,3-dithiazol-5-ylidene)indolin-2-one derivatives, and new 2-mercapto-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)acetonitriles via a dithiazole ring-opening reaction. The work described in this article represents further applications of Appel’s salt in the conception of novel heterocyclic rings, in an effort to access original bioactive compounds. Fifteen new compounds were prepared and fully characterized. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focusing on Sulfur in Medicinal Chemistry)

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23 pages, 13494 KiB

Open AccessArticle

1,2,6-Thiadiazinones as Novel Narrow Spectrum Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase 2 (CaMKK2) Inhibitors

by Christopher R. M. Asquith, Paulo H. Godoi, Rafael M. Couñago, Tuomo Laitinen, John W. Scott, Christopher G. Langendorf, Jonathan S. Oakhill, David H. Drewry, William J. Zuercher, Panayiotis A. Koutentis, Timothy M. Willson and Andreas S. Kalogirou

Molecules 2018, 23(5), 1221; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23051221 - 19 May 2018

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 6933

Abstract

We demonstrate for the first time that 4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one (TDZ) can function as a chemotype for the design of ATP-competitive kinase inhibitors. Using insights from a co-crystal structure of a 3,5-bis(arylamino)-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one bound to calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2), several [...] Read more.

We demonstrate for the first time that 4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one (TDZ) can function as a chemotype for the design of ATP-competitive kinase inhibitors. Using insights from a co-crystal structure of a 3,5-bis(arylamino)-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one bound to calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2), several analogues were identified with micromolar activity through targeted displacement of bound water molecules in the active site. Since the TDZ analogues showed reduced promiscuity compared to their 2,4-dianilinopyrimidine counter parts, they represent starting points for development of highly selective kinase inhibitors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focusing on Sulfur in Medicinal Chemistry)

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9 pages, 1077 KiB

Open AccessArticle

First Metal-Free Synthesis of Tetracyclic Pyrido and Pyrazino Thienopyrimidinone Molecules

by Mohammed Aounzou, Joana F. Campos, Mohammed Loubidi and Sabine Berteina-Raboin

Molecules 2018, 23(5), 1159; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23051159 - 11 May 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3519

Abstract

We report herein a new metal free synthetic pathway to generate tetracyclic compounds from 3-aminothieno[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylate. To enlarge the molecular diversity, we studied the Suzuki coupling of 9-chloro-6H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrido[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-6-one and several boronic acids were easily introduced. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focusing on Sulfur in Medicinal Chemistry)

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11 pages, 1043 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Molecular Docking Evaluation of (E)-5-arylidene-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one Derivatives as Selective Bacterial Adenylate Kinase Inhibitors

by Mihaela Ileana Ionescu and Ovidiu Oniga

Molecules 2018, 23(5), 1076; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23051076 - 03 May 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4024

Abstract

Multi-drug resistant microorganism infections with emerging problems that require not only a prevention strategy, but also the development of new inhibitory compounds. Six previously synthesized 5-arylidene-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one derivatives 1a–f, were screened for inhibitory activity on adenylate kinases of different origins by [...] Read more.

Multi-drug resistant microorganism infections with emerging problems that require not only a prevention strategy, but also the development of new inhibitory compounds. Six previously synthesized 5-arylidene-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one derivatives 1a–f, were screened for inhibitory activity on adenylate kinases of different origins by molecular docking. The compounds 1c and 1d were the most efficient inhibitors of bacterial and some archean adenylate kinases. Hydrogen bond interactions were observed with the residues belonging to the ATP binding site. Moreover human adenylate kinases are poor targets, suggesting that this selectivity offers promising prospectives for refining the structure of our compounds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focusing on Sulfur in Medicinal Chemistry)

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15 pages, 1717 KiB

Open AccessArticle

ω-Methylsulfanylalkyl Glucosinolates: A General Synthetic Pathway

by Manolis Mavratzotis, Stéphanie Cassel, Sabine Montaut and Patrick Rollin

Molecules 2018, 23(4), 786; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23040786 - 28 Mar 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4658

Abstract

A general pathway was devised to synthesize ω-methylsulfanylalkyl glucosinolates, which represent an important class of structurally homogeneous plant secondary metabolites. The required thiofunctionalized hydroximoyl chlorides were obtained from the corresponding α,ω-nitroalkyl methylsulfide precursors, involving as the key-step, a nitronate chlorination strategy. A coupling [...] Read more.

A general pathway was devised to synthesize ω-methylsulfanylalkyl glucosinolates, which represent an important class of structurally homogeneous plant secondary metabolites. The required thiofunctionalized hydroximoyl chlorides were obtained from the corresponding α,ω-nitroalkyl methylsulfide precursors, involving as the key-step, a nitronate chlorination strategy. A coupling reaction with 1-thio-beta-d-glucopyranose, followed by O-sulfation of the intermediate thiohydroximate and final deprotection of the sugar moiety afforded the target compounds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focusing on Sulfur in Medicinal Chemistry)

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15 pages, 5163 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Greener and Efficient Method for Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Nitrogen-Containing Fused Heterocycles

by Joana F. Campos, Mohammed Loubidi, Marie-Christine Scherrmann and Sabine Berteina-Raboin

Molecules 2018, 23(3), 684; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23030684 - 18 Mar 2018

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 6136

Abstract

A simple and efficient methodology for the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of nitrogen-containing fused heterocycles with interesting biological activities has been developed in an environmentally sound manner using polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) as the solvent, leading to the expected compounds in excellent yields in only [...] Read more.

A simple and efficient methodology for the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of nitrogen-containing fused heterocycles with interesting biological activities has been developed in an environmentally sound manner using polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) as the solvent, leading to the expected compounds in excellent yields in only five minutes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focusing on Sulfur in Medicinal Chemistry)

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20 pages, 1553 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Non-Imidazole Histamine H₃ Ligands. Part VII. Synthesis, In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of 5-Substituted-2-thiazol-4-n-propylpiperazines

by Roman Guryn, Marek Staszewski, Anna Stasiak, Daniel McNaught Flores, Wiesława Agnieszka Fogel, Rob Leurs and Krzysztof Walczyński

Molecules 2018, 23(2), 326; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23020326 - 03 Feb 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4359

Abstract

H₃ receptors present on histaminergic and non-histaminergic neurons, act as autoreceptors or heteroreceptors controlling neurotransmitter release and synthesis. Previous, studies have found that the compound N-methyl-N-3-phenylalkyl-2-[2-(4-n-propylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]ethan-1-amine (ADS-531, 2c) exhibits high in vitro potency toward H₃ guinea [...] Read more.

H₃ receptors present on histaminergic and non-histaminergic neurons, act as autoreceptors or heteroreceptors controlling neurotransmitter release and synthesis. Previous, studies have found that the compound N-methyl-N-3-phenylalkyl-2-[2-(4-n-propylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]ethan-1-amine (ADS-531, 2c) exhibits high in vitro potency toward H₃ guinea pig jejunal receptors, with pA₂ = 8.27. To optimize the structure of the lead compound ADS-531, a series of 5-substituted-2-thiazol-4-n-propylpiperazines 3 were synthesized and subjected to in vitro pharmacological characterization; the alkyl chain between position 2 of the thiazole ring and the terminal secondary N-methylamino function was elongated from three to four methylene groups and the N-methylamino functionality was substituted by benzyl-, 2-phenylethyl-, and 3-phenyl-propyl- moieties. SAR studies on novel non-imidazole, 5-substituted-2-thiazol-4-n-propyl-piperazines 3 showed that the most active compound 3a (pA₂ = 8.38), additionally possessed a weak competitive H₁-antagonistic activity. Therefore, compound ADS-531, which did not exhibit any H₁-antagonistic activity, was chosen for further evaluation for its affinity to the recombinant rat and human histamine H₃ receptors (rH₃R and hH₃R, respectively). ADS-531 exhibited nanomolar affinity for both rH₃R and hH₃R receptors. It was also shown that, ADS-531 given subchronically to rats (s.c. 3 mg/kg, 5 days) penetrated the brain, where it affected dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin concentration; however, it did not affect histamine concentration nor feeding behavior. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focusing on Sulfur in Medicinal Chemistry)

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1230 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Synthesis and Evaluation of Thiochroman-4-One Derivatives as Potential Leishmanicidal Agents

by Esteban Vargas, Fernando Echeverri, Iván D. Vélez, Sara M. Robledo and Wiston Quiñones

Molecules 2017, 22(12), 2041; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22122041 - 29 Nov 2017

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 5207

Abstract

The S-containing heterocyclic compounds benzothiopyrans or thiochromones stand out as having promising biological activities due to their structural relationship with chromones (benzopyrans), which are widely known as privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. In this work, we report the synthesis of 35 thiochromone derivatives [...] Read more.

The S-containing heterocyclic compounds benzothiopyrans or thiochromones stand out as having promising biological activities due to their structural relationship with chromones (benzopyrans), which are widely known as privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. In this work, we report the synthesis of 35 thiochromone derivatives and the in vitro antileishmanial and cytotoxic activities. Compounds were tested against intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania panamensis and cytotoxic activity against human monocytes (U-937 ATCC CRL-1593.2). Compounds bearing a vinyl sulfone moiety, 4h, 4i, 4j, 4k, 4l and 4m, displayed the highest antileishmanial activity, with EC₅₀ values lower than 10 μM and an index of selectivity over 100 for compounds 4j and 4l. When the double bond or the sulfone moiety was removed, the activity decreased. Our results show that thiochromones bearing a vinyl sulfone moiety are endowed with high antileishmanial activity and low cytotoxicity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focusing on Sulfur in Medicinal Chemistry)

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5615 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Syntheses of Novel 4-Substituted N-(5-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)pyridine-3-sulfonamide Derivatives with Potential Antifungal Activity

by Krzysztof Szafrański, Jarosław Sławiński, Anna Kędzia and Ewa Kwapisz

Molecules 2017, 22(11), 1926; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22111926 - 07 Nov 2017

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4915

Abstract

Candidiasis represent a serious threat for patients with altered immune responses. Therefore, we have undertaken the synthesis of compounds comprising a pyridine-3-sulfonamide scaffold and known antifungally active 1,2,4-triazole substituents. Thus a series of novel 4-substituted N-(5-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)pyridine-3-sulfonamides have been synthesized by [...] Read more.

Candidiasis represent a serious threat for patients with altered immune responses. Therefore, we have undertaken the synthesis of compounds comprising a pyridine-3-sulfonamide scaffold and known antifungally active 1,2,4-triazole substituents. Thus a series of novel 4-substituted N-(5-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)pyridine-3-sulfonamides have been synthesized by multistep reactions starting from 4-chloropyridine-3-sulfonamide via N′-cyano-N-[(4-substitutedpyridin-3-yl)sulfonyl]carbamimidothioates which were further converted with hydrazine hydrate to the corresponding 1,2,4-triazole derivatives 26–36. The final compounds were evaluated for antifungal activity against strains of the genera Candida, Geotrichum, Rhodotorula, and Saccharomycess isolated from patients with mycosis. Many of them show greater efficacy than fluconazole, mostly towards Candida albicans and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa species, with MIC values ≤ 25 µg/mL. A docking study of the most active compounds 26, 34 and 35 was performed showing the potential mode of binding to Candida albicans lanosterol 14α-demethylase. Also in vitro cytotoxicity of selected compounds have been evaluated on the NCI-60 cell line panel. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focusing on Sulfur in Medicinal Chemistry)

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3319 KiB

Open AccessArticle

New 2-Phenylthiazoles as Potential Sortase A Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking

by Smaranda Dafina Oniga, Cătălin Araniciu, Mariana Doina Palage, Marcela Popa, Mariana-Carmen Chifiriuc, Gabriel Marc, Adrian Pirnau, Cristina Ioana Stoica, Ioannis Lagoudis, Theodoros Dragoumis and Ovidiu Oniga

Molecules 2017, 22(11), 1827; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22111827 - 27 Oct 2017

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 5109

Abstract

Sortase A inhibition is a well establish strategy for decreasing bacterial virulence by affecting numerous key processes that control biofilm formation, host cell entry, evasion and suppression of the immune response and acquisition of essential nutrients. A meta-analysis of structures known to act [...] Read more.

Sortase A inhibition is a well establish strategy for decreasing bacterial virulence by affecting numerous key processes that control biofilm formation, host cell entry, evasion and suppression of the immune response and acquisition of essential nutrients. A meta-analysis of structures known to act as Sortase A inhibitors provided the starting point for identifying a new potential scaffold. Based on this template a series of new potential Sortase A inhibitors, that contain the 2-phenylthiazole moiety, were synthesized. The physicochemical characterisation confirmed the identity of the proposed structures. Antibacterial activity evaluation showed that the new compounds have a reduced activity against bacterial cell viability. However, the compounds prevent biofilm formation at very low concentrations, especially in the case of E. faecalis. Molecular docking studies performed estimate that this is most likely due to the inhibition of Sortase A. The new compounds could be used as add-on therapies together with known antibacterial agents in order to combat multidrug-resistance enterococcal infections. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focusing on Sulfur in Medicinal Chemistry)

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2754 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury Attenuation in Rats by Aminothiazole-Paeonol Derivatives

by Pin-Kuei Fu, Chi-Yu Yang, Su-Chin Huang, Yu-Wen Hung, Kee-Ching Jeng, Ying-Pei Huang, Hong Chuang, Nai-Chun Huang, Jui-Ping Li, Ming-Hua Hsu and Jen-Kun Chen

Molecules 2017, 22(10), 1605; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22101605 - 25 Sep 2017

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 6707

Abstract

Paeonol is a key phenolic compound in the root bark of Moutan Cortex Radicis that has been used in traditional Chinese Medicine to ameliorate inflammation. A series of aminothiazole-paeonol derivatives (APDs) were synthesized in this work and subjected to preliminary evaluation in cells [...] Read more.

Paeonol is a key phenolic compound in the root bark of Moutan Cortex Radicis that has been used in traditional Chinese Medicine to ameliorate inflammation. A series of aminothiazole-paeonol derivatives (APDs) were synthesized in this work and subjected to preliminary evaluation in cells followed by verification in animals. Quantification of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in culture media of LPS-activated A549 cells, a lung epithelial adenocarcinoma cell line, were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory capability of APDs. ALI-bearing rats were employed to verify therapeutic efficacy of APDs according to observations of total cells, protein amounts, MCP-1 and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Histopathological examinations of lung tissues were consequently applied for validation of APDs. Among these compounds, 2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-5-methoxyphenol (4) had the most potent activity, showing comparable inhibition of MCP-1/IL-6 and superior elimination of neutrophil infiltration and protein exudation in lungs compared to others as well as dexamethasone. This study demonstrated a comprehensive strategy to evaluate APDs through integration of cell-based screening and animal-based verification. In order to fulfill unmet needs of treating acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), APDs introduced in this work could be promising lead compounds to develop high potent anti-inflammation agents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focusing on Sulfur in Medicinal Chemistry)

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Review

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13 pages, 3964 KiB

Open AccessReview

Transient Sulfenic Acids in the Synthesis of Biologically Relevant Products

by Anna Barattucci, Maria Chiara Aversa, Aurora Mancuso, Tania Maria Grazia Salerno and Paola Bonaccorsi

Molecules 2018, 23(5), 1030; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23051030 - 27 Apr 2018

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4956

Abstract

Sulfenic acids as small molecules are too unstable to be isolated and their transient nature offers the possibility to involve them in concerted processes that lead to the obtainment of functional groups such as sulfoxides, sulfones, and disulfides. All these functions are present [...] Read more.

Sulfenic acids as small molecules are too unstable to be isolated and their transient nature offers the possibility to involve them in concerted processes that lead to the obtainment of functional groups such as sulfoxides, sulfones, and disulfides. All these functions are present in a number of natural and synthetic drugs and can represent structural motives inducing biologically relevant properties. In this small review the generation and reactions of sulfenic acid bearing naturally occurring residues are described. Carbohydrate and aminoacid-derived sulfenic acids have been used in concerted addition with triple bonds to obtain alliin derivatives and thiosugars in enantiomerically pure form. Glycoconjugates with sulfinyl, sulfonyl, and disulfane functional groups and pyridine-derived disulfides have been obtained from bis- and tris-sulfinyl precursors of sulfenic acids. Small families of such compounds have been subjected to preliminary biological tests. Starting from the evidence that the control of molecular architecture and the presence of suitable functional groups can play a significant role on the exhibition of biological properties, apoptotic effects on malignant cells by glycoconjugates and inhibitory activity against the important human pathogen S. aureus by pyrimidine-derived disulfides have been found. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focusing on Sulfur in Medicinal Chemistry)

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18 pages, 430 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Isothiocyanates: An Overview of Their Antimicrobial Activity against Human Infections

by Letizia Romeo, Renato Iori, Patrick Rollin, Placido Bramanti and Emanuela Mazzon

Molecules 2018, 23(3), 624; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23030624 - 09 Mar 2018

Cited by 134 | Viewed by 9113

Abstract

The use of plant-derived products as antimicrobial agents has been investigated in depth. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are bioactive products resulting from enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosinolates (GLs), the most abundant secondary metabolites in the botanical order Brassicales. Although the antimicrobial activity of ITCs against foodborne [...] Read more.

The use of plant-derived products as antimicrobial agents has been investigated in depth. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are bioactive products resulting from enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosinolates (GLs), the most abundant secondary metabolites in the botanical order Brassicales. Although the antimicrobial activity of ITCs against foodborne and plant pathogens has been well documented, little is known about their antimicrobial properties against human pathogens. This review collects studies that focus on this topic. Particular focus will be put on ITCs’ antimicrobial properties and their mechanism of action against human pathogens for which the current therapeutic solutions are deficient and therefore of prime importance for public health. Our purpose was the evaluation of the potential use of ITCs to replace or support the common antibiotics. Even though ITCs appear to be effective against the most important human pathogens, including bacteria with resistant phenotypes, the majority of the studies did not show comparable results and thus it is very difficult to compare the antimicrobial activity of the different ITCs. For this reason, a standard method should be used and further studies are needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focusing on Sulfur in Medicinal Chemistry)

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