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Minerals
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Trace Element and Isotopic Geochemistry of Magmatic and Hydrothermal Ore...
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Trace Element and Isotopic Geochemistry of Magmatic and Hydrothermal Ore Processes

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Deposits".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 February 2021) | Viewed by 4926

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Anastassia Yurievna Borisova

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS, France, 14 Avenue E. Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
Interests: magma genesis; magma-rock interaction
Dr. Germán Velásquez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Advanced Mining Technology Center, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370451, Chile
Interests: orogenic gold deposits; critical and precious metals in sulfides; metal processing from PCDs

Special Issue Information

Mineral deposit origin is thought to stem from the magmatic and hydrothermal processes related to open-system interactions, such as magma–fluid–rock and fluid–rock interactions. These open-system processes are frequently described as magma mixing, degassing, and fluid–rock interactions, although closed-system evolution is also possible. Key trace elements (e.g., Pb, Fe, Cr, Cu, S) and their isotopes can be determined to constrain the processes operating during ore formation in both open and closed systems. Trace elements and their isotopes can also be used as a vector to explore and characterize mineral deposits. In this volume, descriptions of different scales, from nano- and micro- to regional-scale, of ore-forming processes are especially appreciated. We also invite contributions concerning trace element and isotopic geochemistry of magmatic and hydrothermal ore processes, covering a broad spectrum of trace elements and their isotope systems (radiogenic and stable isotope systems).

Dr. Anastassia Y. Borisova
Dr. Germán Velásquez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ore deposit formation
  • magma–fluid–rock interaction
  • fluid–rock interaction
  • magma mixing
  • degassing
  • open and closed systems
  • ore deposit exploration
  • micro-chemical characterization

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2696 KiB  
Article
Oxygen-Isotope-Based Modeling of the Hydrothermal Fluid Processes of the Taochong Skarn Iron Deposit, Anhui Province, China
by Niannian Li, Yi Cao, Zhaonian Zhang, Yilun Du and Chenfang Guo
Minerals 2021, 11(4), 375; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11040375 - 02 Apr 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2014
Abstract
The Taochong iron deposit is one of the important skarn deposits in the Middle–Lower Yangtze River metallogenic belt, Eastern China. There are two types of ores in the deposit: skarn- and quartz–calcite-type ores. The skarn-type ore, which is composed of hematite (Hm-1), garnet, [...] Read more.
The Taochong iron deposit is one of the important skarn deposits in the Middle–Lower Yangtze River metallogenic belt, Eastern China. There are two types of ores in the deposit: skarn- and quartz–calcite-type ores. The skarn-type ore, which is composed of hematite (Hm-1), garnet, pyroxene, actinolite, chlorite, quartz (Q-1), and calcite (Cal-1), is crosscut locally by a quartz–calcite-type ore vein. The quartz–calcite-type ore consists mainly of hematite (Hm-2), magnetite, quartz (Q-2 and 3), and calcite (Cal-2). The δ18Owater value (~2.67‰) of the fluids in equilibrium with Hm-1 is similar to the values of the mixtures of magmatic and meteoric fluids. However, the δ18O values of the fluids in equilibrium with Hm-2 are in the range of 7.64–8.54‰, similar to those of magmatic fluids. The δ18O values decrease systematically from the fluids in equilibrium with Hm-2 (7.64‰ to 8.54‰) to the fluids in equilibrium with magnetite, Q-3, and Cal-2 (−0.12‰ to 4.17‰) and the fluids in equilibrium with Cal-3 (−2.17‰ to 0.36‰). These features of oxygen isotopes indicate that two episodes of hydrothermal activity took place in the Taochong deposit, and both episodes began with a magmatic origin and then progressively evolved by mixing with meteoric water. The results of quantitative simulations suggest that the deposition of the skarn-type ores was most likely caused by the mixing of magmatic and meteoric fluids, whilst the deposition of the quartz–calcite-type ores was most likely caused by the boiling of magmatic fluids and the mixtures of magmatic brine and meteoric water. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trace Element and Isotopic Geochemistry of Magmatic and Hydrothermal Ore Processes)
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18 pages, 4861 KiB  
Article
Trace and Rare Earth Elements, and Sr Isotopic Compositions of Fluorite from the Shihuiyao Rare Metal Deposit, Inner Mongolia: Implication for Its Origin
by Zhen-Peng Duan, Shao-Yong Jiang, Hui-Min Su, Xin-You Zhu, Tao Zou and Xi-Yin Cheng
Minerals 2020, 10(10), 882; https://doi.org/10.3390/min10100882 - 04 Oct 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2393
Abstract
Abundant fluorites occur in the Shihuiyao rare metal (Nb-Ta-Rb) deposit in Inner Mongolia of NE China, and they can be classified by their occurrence into three types. Type I occurs disseminated in greisen pockets of albitized granite. Type II occurs in the skarn [...] Read more.
Abundant fluorites occur in the Shihuiyao rare metal (Nb-Ta-Rb) deposit in Inner Mongolia of NE China, and they can be classified by their occurrence into three types. Type I occurs disseminated in greisen pockets of albitized granite. Type II occurs in the skarn zone between granite and carbonate host rocks, and it can be subdivided into different subtypes according to color, namely dark purple (II-D), magenta (II-M), green (II-G), light purple (II-P), and white (II-W). Type III are the fluorite-bearing veins in the silty mudstones. On the basis of petrography of the fluorites and their high contents of HFSEs (high field strength elements) and LILEs (large ion lithophile elements), strong negative Eu anomalies, and tetrad effects, we suggest that Type I fluorites crystallized in a late-magmatic stage with all the components derived from the granite. The high Y/Ho ratios suggest that the Type II fluorites crystallized in the early- or late-hydrothermal stage. The rare earth elements (REEs) characterized by various Eu anomalies of the Type II fluorites indicate a mixed origin for ore-forming metals from granite-related fluids and limestones, and the oxygen fugacity increased during fluid migration and cooling. Compared to the Type II fluorites, the similar trace element contents of the Type III suggest a similar origin, and remarkable positive Eu anomalies represent a more oxidizing environment. The Sr isotopic composition (87Sr/86Sr)i = 0.710861) of the Type I fluorites may represent that of the granite-derived fluids, whereas the (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of the Type II (0.710168–0.710380) and Type III (0.709018) fluorites are lower than that of the Type I fluorites but higher than those of the Late Permian-Early Triassic seawater, suggesting a binary mixed Sr source, i.e., granite-derived fluids and marine limestones. Nevertheless, the proportion of limestone-derived Sr in the mixture forming the Type III fluorites is much higher than that of Type II. The rare metal Nb and Ta get into the granite-derived F-rich fluids by complexing with F and precipitate in the form of columbite-group minerals after the Type I fluorites crystallize. Most of Nb and Ta may have deposited as columbite-group minerals during the magmatic stage, resulting in no Nb-Ta mineralization in the hydrothermal stage when the Type II and III fluorites formed. Hence, the Type I fluorites in the Shihuiyao mining area can be used as an important exploration tool for the Nb-Ta mineralization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trace Element and Isotopic Geochemistry of Magmatic and Hydrothermal Ore Processes)
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