Advances in Applying Electron Microscopy in Studying the Microstructure of Minerals
A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Crystallography and Physical Chemistry of Minerals & Nanominerals".
Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 September 2020) | Viewed by 6751
Special Issue Editor
Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a comprehensive technique for the characterization of solid-state materials: With a single instrument, morphological features, microstructural information, crystallographic data, and chemical composition can be obtained. Since its first appearance in Mineral Sciences, TEM has represented an affective technique for the characterization of defects and their quantitative assessment in terrestrial and nonterrestrial materials (e.g., Phakey et al. 1972; Lally et al. 1976; Kitamura et al. 1987). Mineral deformation and transformation mechanisms in natural systems and experimental apparatuses would never have reached the current level of understanding without direct imaging and crystallographic analysis with TEM (e.g., Doukhan et al. 1985; Green 1993; Nord 1993), and large angle convergent beam electron diffraction (LACBED) has allowed the study of ideal and defective crystal structures at a finer level and even in beam sensitive materials (e.g., Cordier et al. 1995). As soon as resolution attained the unit cell scale, high-resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM) imaging provided details of atomic scale reactions, intergrowths, growing mechanisms, and the modularity of minerals (e.g., Buseck and Iijima 1974; van Landuyt & Amelinckx 1975; Kogure 2002). Our understanding of biopyriboles and concepts like polytypism and polysomatism would never have reached its contemporary level without the provision of the direct imaging of such phenomena by HRTEM (e.g., Chank and Liebau 1980; Veblen 1991; Baronnet 1993). The latest developments in electron microscopy allow the structure solution of nanosized materials, which was once hampered by the secular problem of dynamical scattering, through precession-assisted electron tomography (PEDT) (e.g., Mugnaioli 2009 and reference therein) and modern high angular annular dark field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) techniques, and also allow the atomic scale imaging of beam sensitive materials, once hardly achievable with conventional HRTEM techniques, with the additional benefit of straightforwardly interpretable structures (e.g., Ciobanu et al. 2016 and reference therein). The present Special Issue aims to collect review papers and original research papers based on transmission electron microscopy techniques, with a special emphasis on those techniques that push their investigative limit down to the atomic scale.
References:
Baronnet A. (1993) Polytypism and stacking disorder. In: Mineral and reactions at the atomic scale: Transmission electron microscopy (P.R. Buseck Editor). Reviews in Mineralogy, 27, 231-282. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, D.C.
Buseck P.R. & Iijima S. (1974) High resolution electron microscopy of silicates. Amer. Mineral., 59, 1-21.
Ciobanu C.L., Cook N.J., Maunders C., Wade B.P., Ehrig K. (2016) Focused ion beam and advanced electron microscopy for minerals: Insights and outlook from bismuth sulphosalts. Minerals, 6, 112.
Cordier P., Morniroli J. P. & Cherns D. (1995) Characterization of crystal defects in quartz by large-angle convergent-beam electron diffraction. Philosophical Magazine A, 72, 1421-1430.
Czank M. & Liebau F. (1980) Periodicity faults in chain silicates: A new type of planar lattice fault observed with high resolution electron microscopy. Phys. Chem. Minerals, 6, 85-93.
Doukhan J.C., Doukhan N., Kock P.S., Christie J.M. (1985) Transmission electron microscopy investigation of lattice defects in Al2SiO5 polymorphs and plasticity induced polymorphic transformations. Bull. Mineral., 108, 81-96.
Green H.W., 2nd (1993) Analysis of deformation in geological materials. In: Mineral and reactions at the atomic scale: Transmission electron microscopy (P.R. Buseck Editor). Reviews in Mineralogy, 27, 425-454. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, D.C.
Kitamura M., Kondoh S., Morimoto N., Rossman G.R. & Putnis A. (1987) Planar OH-bearing defects in mantle olivine. Nature, 328, 143-145.
Kogure T. (2002) Investigations of micas using advanced transmission electron microscopy. In: Micas: Crystal Chemistry and Metamorphic Petrology (A. Mottana, F.P. Sassi, J.B. Thompson Jr. and S. Guggenheim, editors). Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 46, 281-312. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, D.C.
Lally J.S., Christie J.M., Nord, G.L. & Heuer A.H. (1976) Deformation, recovery and recrystallisation of lunar dunite 72417. Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf. 7th, 1845-1863.
Mugnaioli E., Gorelik T., and Kolb U. (2009) “Ab initio” structure solution from electron diffraction data obtained by a combination of automated diffraction tomography and precession technique. Ultramicroscopy, 109, 758-765.
Nord G.L. (1993) Imaging transformation-induced microstructures. In: Mineral and reactions at the atomic scale: Transmission electron microscopy (P.R. Buseck Editor). Reviews in Mineralogy, 27, 455-508. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, D.C.
Phakey P., Dollinger, G. & Christie J.M. (1972) Transmission electron microscopy of experimentally deformed olivine crystals. Geophys. Monogr., 16, 117-138.
van Landuyt J. & Amelinckx S. (1975) Multiple beam direct lattice imaging of new mixed-layer compounds of the bastnäsite-synchysite series. Amer. Mineral., 60, 351–358.
Veblen D.R. & Buseck, P.R. (1979) Chain width order and disorder in biopyriboles. Amer. Mineral., 64, 687-700.
Veblen D.R. (1991) Polysomatism and polysomatic series: A review and applications. Amer. Mineral., 76, 801-826.
Veblen D.R. (1993) Electron microscopy applied to nonstoichiometry, polysomatism, and replacement reactions in minerals. In: Mineral and reactions at the atomic scale: Transmission electron microscopy (P.R. Buseck Editor). Reviews in Mineralogy, 27, 181-229. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, D.C.
Prof. Dr. GIANCARLO CAPITANI
Guest Editor
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Keywords
- HRTEM
- HAADF–STEM
- LACBED
- PEDT
- polysomatism
- polytypism
