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Minerals
Special Issues
Rare Earth Metals and PGM: Beneficiation, Recovery and Quantification
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Rare Earth Metals and PGM: Beneficiation, Recovery and Quantification

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 7157

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Walter Purcell

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein ZA-9300, South Africa
Interests: hydrometallurgy; reaction kinetics; crystallography; analytical chemistry
Prof. Dr. Herman Potgieter

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg ZA-2050, South Africa
Interests: corrosion; electrochemistry; electrowinning; water treatment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Manish Kumar Sinha

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein ZA-9300, South Africa
Interests: hydrometallurgy; metal recovery; waste recycling; analytical chemistry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue focuses on recent advances made in all hydro- and pyrometallurgical aspects of the extraction and isolation of the rare earth element, as well as platinum group elements from either minerals or recycled products. Contributions are invited on the extraction (leaching, flux dissolution, microwave, roasting) of the elements from mineral ores or recycled products, the separation of these elements (SX, ion exchange, precipitation), and finally the isolation and purification of the target elements.

Prof. Dr. Walter Purcell
Prof. Dr. Herman Potgieter
Dr. Manish Kumar Sinha
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydrometallurgy
  • pyrometallurgy
  • mineral processing
  • recycling
  • quantification

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 6572 KiB  
Article
Application of the Response Surface Methodology to Optimise the Leaching Process and Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Discard and Run of Mine Coal
by Harrar Hamza, Orevaoghene Eterigho-Ikelegbe, Abdulsalam Jibril and Samson Oluwaseyi Bada
Minerals 2022, 12(8), 938; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12080938 - 26 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1458
Abstract
The supply shortage of rare earth elements (REEs) for use in numerous high-tech applications has become an incentive for the prospecting of REEs from coal and coal discard. In this study, an optimised leaching process for the recovery of REEs from coal using [...] Read more.
The supply shortage of rare earth elements (REEs) for use in numerous high-tech applications has become an incentive for the prospecting of REEs from coal and coal discard. In this study, an optimised leaching process for the recovery of REEs from coal using the Design Expert (DOE) is reported. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effect and to determine the optimal leaching parameters for the two non-calcined coal samples. An optimised REE leaching recovery of 18.95% and 41.35% was obtained for the non-calcined Run-of-Mine (ROM) coal and discard coal, respectively. This optimised recovery was obtained as the HCl concentration increased from 0.5 M to 2 M, leaching temperature increased from 30 °C to 50 °C, whilst the solid:liquid ratio decreased from 40 g/L to 10 g/L. Statistical analysis indicated that the leaching parameters studied were important and controlled the REE leaching recovery model. Optimisation results also indicate that the calcined coals at 700 °C have the highest leaching recovery of 94.73% (ROM) and 98.17% (discard), respectively. Calcination also increased the concentration of REEs in the ROM sample from 225 ppm to 347 ppm and discarded the sample from 245 ppm to 363 ppm at 700 °C. Given the effect of the lixiviants investigated, the leaching efficiency of HClO4 for REE recovery was significantly lower than HCl and HNO3 under optimal leaching conditions. The discard coal used in this study had a significantly higher potential for REE recovery than ROM coal because it had a higher REE abundance and greater recovery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rare Earth Metals and PGM: Beneficiation, Recovery and Quantification)
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20 pages, 4356 KiB  
Article
The Influence of REE β-Diketone Complexes on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel and 304 SS in 3.5% NaCl Solution
by Olatunde J. Lawal, Johannes H. Potgieter, Caren Billing and David J. Whitefield
Minerals 2022, 12(4), 416; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12040416 - 29 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1703
Abstract
In the present investigation, four REE β-diketone complexes, namely cerium acetylacetone, cerium hexafluoroacetylacetone, lanthanum acetylacetone, and lanthanum hexafluoroacetylacetone, were investigated as potential corrosion inhibitors for mild steel and 304 stainless steel in 3.5% NaCl solution. The corrosion-inhibition effects of the REE β-diketone complexes [...] Read more.
In the present investigation, four REE β-diketone complexes, namely cerium acetylacetone, cerium hexafluoroacetylacetone, lanthanum acetylacetone, and lanthanum hexafluoroacetylacetone, were investigated as potential corrosion inhibitors for mild steel and 304 stainless steel in 3.5% NaCl solution. The corrosion-inhibition effects of the REE β-diketone complexes were investigated using weight-loss measurements and potentiodynamic polarisation scans. Surface analyses using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the morphology of the mild steel and 304 stainless steel after the weight-loss and potentiodynamic tests in 3.5% NaCl solution containing 0.5% mass per volume (m/v) concentration of the tested inhibitor. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy were further used to probe the type of corrosion product film that forms on the surface of the tested samples. The obtained results revealed that the four REE β-diketone complexes are very effective inhibitors against corrosion of mild steel and 304 stainless steel in a 3.5% NaCl in a temperature range of 20–60 °C. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rare Earth Metals and PGM: Beneficiation, Recovery and Quantification)
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13 pages, 2928 KiB  
Article
Improved Recovery and Selectivity of Lanthanide-Ion-Binding Cyclic Peptide Hosts by Changing the Position of Acidic Amino Acids
by Yoichi Hosokawa, Ayako Oshima, Takaaki Hatanaka and Nobuhiro Ishida
Minerals 2022, 12(2), 148; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12020148 - 25 Jan 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2866
Abstract
The development of an effective host molecule to separate lanthanide (Ln) ions and a method for predicting its guest recognition/self-assembly behavior based on primary chemical structures are highly sought after in both academia and industry. Herein, we report the improvement of one-pot Ln [...] Read more.
The development of an effective host molecule to separate lanthanide (Ln) ions and a method for predicting its guest recognition/self-assembly behavior based on primary chemical structures are highly sought after in both academia and industry. Herein, we report the improvement of one-pot Ln ion recovery and a performance prediction method for four new cyclic peptide hosts that differ in the position of acidic amino acids. These cyclic peptide hosts could recognize Ln3+ directly through a 1:1 complexation–precipitation process and exhibited high Lu3+ selectivity in spite of similar ion size and electronegativity when the positions of the acidic amino acids were changed. This unpredictable selectivity was explained by considering the dipole moment, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, and cohesion energy. In addition, a semi-empirical function using these parameters was proposed for screening the sequence and estimating the isolated yields without long-time molecular dynamics calculations. The insights obtained from this study can be employed for the development of high-performance peptides for the selective recovery of Ln and other metal ions, as well as for the construction of diverse supramolecular recognition systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rare Earth Metals and PGM: Beneficiation, Recovery and Quantification)
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