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Minerals
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Advances in Flotation of Copper, Lead and Zinc Minerals
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Advances in Flotation of Copper, Lead and Zinc Minerals

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 4689

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Qicheng Feng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
Interests: mineral separation; flotation reagents; surface analysis; leaching; industrial wastewater treatment; mineral surface chemistry; process mineralogy; comprehensive utilization of mineral resources
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Guang Han

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
Interests: mineral separation; flotation reagents; surface analysis; mineral surface chemistry; comprehensive utilization of mineral resources
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Copper, lead and zinc minerals are important non-ferrous metal resources. Flotation is a practical technique to extract minerals based on differences in physical and chemical properties on mineral surfaces. Flotation equipment, flotation techniques and flotation reagents are used for the recovery and separation of copper, lead and zinc minerals. The gradual depletion of high-grade mineral resources leads to an increase in the exploitation and utilization of refractory copper, lead and zinc ores. The enhanced recovery of copper, lead and zinc minerals have become urgent problems to be solved. Thus, there is a crucial need for research on the flotation theory and application to address the issues in the recovery of copper, lead and zinc minerals. This Special Issue will focus on recent advances in flotation theory and techniques of copper, lead and zinc minerals.  Research or review articles concerning the synthesis and application of flotation reagents, migration rule of flotation reagents, design of flotation equipment, enhanced flotation separation methods, refractory ore treatment, bubble–mineral interaction mechanism, theoretical calculation, process mineralogy, and plant practice of copper, lead and zinc minerals are invited to this Special Issue. The Special Issue will contribute to the understanding of these processes and the development of novel approaches to improve the flotation recovery of copper, lead and zinc minerals.

Prof. Dr. Qicheng Feng
Dr. Guang Han
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • flotation reagents
  • enhanced flotation
  • flotation equipment
  • separation technique
  • refractory ores
  • surface analysis
  • bubble–mineral interaction
  • theoretical calculation
  • process mineralogy

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 4716 KiB  
Article
Utilization of PMA-EDTC as a Novel Macromolecular Depressant for Galena in the Flotation Separation of Chalcopyrite
by Hong Zeng, Yangge Zhu, Chuanyao Sun, Zhiqiang Zhao, Guiye Wu, Chongjun Liu, Tong Lu and Xingrong Zhang
Minerals 2023, 13(12), 1478; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13121478 - 24 Nov 2023
Viewed by 740
Abstract
To address the issue of mediocre separation efficiency of depressants in the copper-lead separation process, this article synthesized a macromolecular organic depressant, polymaleic anhydride-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (PMA–EDTC), using a polycarboxylic macromolecule as the backbone and also introducing –N–(C=S)–S– as the solidophilic group and employed [...] Read more.
To address the issue of mediocre separation efficiency of depressants in the copper-lead separation process, this article synthesized a macromolecular organic depressant, polymaleic anhydride-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (PMA–EDTC), using a polycarboxylic macromolecule as the backbone and also introducing –N–(C=S)–S– as the solidophilic group and employed as a galena depressant. The structure of PMA–EDTC was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The effect of PMA–EDTC on the floatability of galena and chalcopyrite was investigated through micro-flotation and Contact angle measurements. The experimental results demonstrated that PMA–EDTC exhibited selectivity inhibition towards galena rather than chalcopyrite across a wide pH range. At a dose of 8 mg/L, there was effective separation between galena and chalcopyrite with a separation coefficient of 24.17, effectively altering the floatability of galena while having little impact on the floatability of chalcopyrite. The selective inhibition behavior and adsorption mechanism of PMA–EDTC on galena and chalcopyrite were investigated using FT-IR, Zeta potential, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). FT-IR and Zeta potential studies indicated that PMA–EDTC formed chemical adsorption on the surface of galena. XPS confirmed the model of chemical adsorption of PMA–EDTC on lead atoms in the galena surface. The results indicate that PMA–EDTC adsorbs on the surface of galena via its –(C=S)–S–group, forming a hydrophilic complex and achieving selective depression of lead and the cleaning flotation of copper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Flotation of Copper, Lead and Zinc Minerals)
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16 pages, 8562 KiB  
Article
Process Mineralogy Characteristics and Flotation Optimization of a Low-Grade Oxidized Lead and Zinc Ore from Lanping Mine
by Anmei Yu, Zhan Ding, Jiaqiao Yuan, Qicheng Feng, Shuming Wen and Shaojun Bai
Minerals 2023, 13(9), 1167; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13091167 - 02 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1312
Abstract
The beneficiation of low-grade oxidized lead and zinc ore from the Lanping mine has attracted extensive interest in the mineral processing field due to the extremely rich resource reserves and the challenge in lead and zinc recovery. This study’s objective is to analyze [...] Read more.
The beneficiation of low-grade oxidized lead and zinc ore from the Lanping mine has attracted extensive interest in the mineral processing field due to the extremely rich resource reserves and the challenge in lead and zinc recovery. This study’s objective is to analyze the process mineralogy characteristics and to conduct the flotation optimization of this ore. Mineralogy parameters of the ore, such as mineral composition, mineral liberation degree, and intergrowth relationship, were investigated using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), an X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD), and an electronic probe microanalyzer (EPMA). The effect of the main experimental factors on the lead and zinc flotation is determined and compared. The results confirm that the low content of lead and zinc and the complex co-occurrence relationships between minerals bring a challenge to the efficient separation of the ore. Furthermore, a flow sheet consisting of “lead preferred flotation-zinc flotation” is performed, and an all-open flotation process consisted of “two-times lead rougher-one-time lead cleaner-two-times zinc rougher-one-time zinc cleaner” is finally employed for the beneficiation of this ore with the aids of mixed depressants and cationic-anionic collectors for zinc recovery. The Pb grade in the lead rougher concentrate is 2.83%, and the Pb recovery is 57.56%. The Zn grade reaches 28.64% with a recovery of 83.45%. Thus, the findings provide important technical supports for the processing of similar ores. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Flotation of Copper, Lead and Zinc Minerals)
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14 pages, 3646 KiB  
Article
Flotation Separation of Smithsonite from Calcite Using Cupferron as a Collector
by Qingqing Wang, Lei Sun, Yang Cao, Xin Wang, Yi Qiao, Guobin Liu, Meitao Xiang and Wei Sun
Minerals 2023, 13(8), 992; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13080992 - 26 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 769
Abstract
The flotation separation of smithsonite and calcite is difficult due to their similar surface properties. In this study, cupferron was applied as a collector to realize the separation of smithsonite and calcite. Micro-flotation experiment results indicated that smithsonite and calcite express different floatability [...] Read more.
The flotation separation of smithsonite and calcite is difficult due to their similar surface properties. In this study, cupferron was applied as a collector to realize the separation of smithsonite and calcite. Micro-flotation experiment results indicated that smithsonite and calcite express different floatability after treatment with cupferron. The maximum recovery difference was 63%, from a cupferron concentration of 2 × 10−4 mol/L at pH 8. Based on a series of tests, including an adsorption test, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), zeta potential and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the selective collection mechanism of cupferron was studied. It was found that the cupferron was more easily adsorbed on the surface of smithsonite and the reaction was violent. The adsorption capacity of the cupferron on the surface of smithsonite was higher than that of calcite, and the surface potential shift was greater. The cupferron chelated with the exposed Zn sites on the smithsonite surface to form a N-O-Zn ring structure. This special chelate structure caused the smithsonite surface to be more hydrophobic, which confirmed that the cupferron can selectively collect smithsonite instead of calcite. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Flotation of Copper, Lead and Zinc Minerals)
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Review

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20 pages, 8134 KiB  
Review
Recent Progress on Chelating Reagents in Flotation of Zinc Oxide Ores: A Review
by Zhengyong Song, Shuming Wen, Guang Han and Qicheng Feng
Minerals 2023, 13(10), 1278; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13101278 - 29 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1207
Abstract
Zinc oxide minerals (primarily smithsonite and hemimorphite) are important sources of Zn. Flotation is the most widely used method of enriching zinc oxide minerals for mineral processing. Chelating reagents have received extensive attention for the flotation of zinc oxide ores because of their [...] Read more.
Zinc oxide minerals (primarily smithsonite and hemimorphite) are important sources of Zn. Flotation is the most widely used method of enriching zinc oxide minerals for mineral processing. Chelating reagents have received extensive attention for the flotation of zinc oxide ores because of their high selectivity and stability. This paper systematically summarizes the selective separation performance and mechanisms of various chelating reagents as collectors, activators, and depressants in the flotation of zinc oxide ores. The types and mechanisms of chelating reagents in the flotation of zinc oxide ores are discussed, providing new ideas for the development of efficient flotation reagents for zinc oxide ores. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Flotation of Copper, Lead and Zinc Minerals)
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