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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Innovative Therapies for Viral, Bacterial and Fungal...
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Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Innovative Therapies for Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 3072

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Gabriella D’Ettorre

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
2. Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: HIV; nutrition; probiotics; microbiota; immune response; gender; quality of life; NCCD
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The response of the host to bacteria, viruses and fungi is different and is responsible for the outcome of the infection. Today, the mechanisms related to the progression of viral, bacterial and fungal infection are not defined. This Special Issue is intended to improve the knowledge on pathogenesis of viral, bacterial and fungal infection by the study of the host immunological patterns.

Finally, the knowledge of the host immune response together with the clinical presentation and evolution of the infection is fundamental for the study of innovative therapeutic strategies. Experimental studies in vivo and ex vivo, review articles, and clinical studies are welcome for consideration.

Dr. Gabriella d'Ettorre
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 3066 KiB  
Article
Nanoemulsion Increases the Antifungal Activity of Amphotericin B against Four Candida auris Clades: In Vitro and In Vivo Assays
by Gabriel Davi Marena, Alba Ruiz-Gaitán, Victor Garcia-Bustos, María Ángeles Tormo-Mas, Jose Manuel Pérez-Royo, Alejandro López, Patricia Bernarbe, María Dolores Pérez Ruiz, Lara Zaragoza Macian, Carmen Vicente Saez, Antonia Avalos Mansilla, Eulogio Valentín Gómez, Gabriela Corrêa Carvalho, Tais Maria Bauab, Marlus Chorilli and Javier Pemán
Microorganisms 2023, 11(7), 1626; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071626 - 21 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1184
Abstract
Candida auris is an emerging yeast of worldwide interest due to its antifungal resistance and mortality rates. The aim of this study was to analyse the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of a nanoemulsion loaded with amphotericin B (NEA) against planktonic [...] Read more.
Candida auris is an emerging yeast of worldwide interest due to its antifungal resistance and mortality rates. The aim of this study was to analyse the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of a nanoemulsion loaded with amphotericin B (NEA) against planktonic cells and biofilm of C. auris clinical isolates belonging to four different clades. In vivo assays were performed using the Galleria mellonella model to analyse antifungal activity and histopathological changes. The in vitro results showed that NEA exhibited better antifungal activity than free amphotericin B (AmB) in both planktonic and sessile cells, with >31% inhibition of mature biofilm. In the in vivo assays, NEA demonstrated superior antifungal activity in both haemolymph and tissue. NEA reduced the fungal load in the haemolymph more rapidly and with more activity in the first 24 h after infection. The histological analysis of infected larvae revealed clusters of yeast, immune cells, melanisation, and granulomas. In conclusion, NEA significantly improved the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of AmB and could be considered a promising therapy for C. auris infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Innovative Therapies for Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections)
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16 pages, 837 KiB  
Article
New Therapeutic Options in Mild Moderate COVID-19 Outpatients
by Claudio Ucciferri, Alessandro Di Gasbarro, Paola Borrelli, Marta Di Nicola, Jacopo Vecchiet and Katia Falasca
Microorganisms 2022, 10(11), 2131; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10112131 - 27 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1357
Abstract
Background: In recent years, the therapeutic options for COVID have significantly improved; however, the therapies are expensive with restricted access to drugs, and expeditious and difficult to manage at home. We investigated the effect of pidotimod in preventing hospitalization in patients with mild-moderate [...] Read more.
Background: In recent years, the therapeutic options for COVID have significantly improved; however, the therapies are expensive with restricted access to drugs, and expeditious and difficult to manage at home. We investigated the effect of pidotimod in preventing hospitalization in patients with mild-moderate COVID-19. Methods: A total of 1231 patients between January and June 2021 were screened. A total of 184 patients with mild-moderate COVID-19 were enrolled and divided into two groups: group-A (97) had undergone therapy with pidotimod 800 mg bid for 7–10 days and group-B (87) had other therapies. We excluded those who had undergone complete vaccination course, monoclonal anti-spike/antivirals or the co-administration of pidotimod-steroid. The primary outcome chosen was the emergency room, hospitalization, and deaths for COVID-related causes; the secondary outcome chosen was the duration of COVID-19 illness. Results: A total of 34 patients (18.5%) required hospital treatment, 11 in group-A and 23 in group-B (11.3% vs. 26.4%, p = 0.008). The median disease duration in group-A was 21 days (IQR 17–27) vs. 23 (IQR 20–31) in group-B (p = 0.005). Patients in the pidotimod group had higher SpO2 in the walking test (IQR 96–99% vs. IQR 93–98%, p = 0.01) and a lower need for steroid rescue therapy (11.5% vs. 60.9%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: In the first phase of disease, pidotimod can represent an effective, low-cost, weapon, without restrictions of use, that is able to prevent a second aggressive phase and promote faster virological recovery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Innovative Therapies for Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections)
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