The Interplay between the Microbiome and Viral Infections

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Virology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 February 2023) | Viewed by 2856

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Guest Editor
Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Hegenheimermattweg 91, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
Interests: viruses; virome; microbiome; phages; cancer; vaccines
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There is mounting evidence that the host microbiota plays important roles in modulating susceptibility to pathogenic viral infections. A recent, highly relevant example is SARS-CoV-2. The severity of COVID-19 appears to correlate with the microbial composition in the respiratory and intestinal tracts (see Cyprian et al., Int J Infect Dis 2021, 105: 540-550). This suggests that it may be feasible to identify risk groups based on microbiota composition. Moreover, this finding opens up new possibilities for prophylactic or therapeutic intervention with microbiota-altering agents. Various other correlations between microbiota and viral infections have been identified, yet many questions remain unanswered or unaddressed. For example, it remains mostly unclear whether altered microbiota are causative, i.e., predisposing to a viral infection, if changes in microbiota result from infection, or both. Moreover, there is very little understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the modulation of susceptibility to viral infections. The roles of the indigenous virome (phages and eukaryotic viruses) have been poorly addressed, and in vivo studies that clearly demonstrate modulation of susceptibility to viral infections through microbiota composition are scarce. This Special Issue aims to shed some light on the complex interactions between microbiota and viral infections, which could help to identify risk groups, new biomarkers for disease susceptibility, and microbiota-targeting interventions. I look forward to exciting contributions.

Dr. Felix Broecker
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • microbiota
  • microbiome
  • virome
  • phageome
  • viruses
  • viral infection
  • viral disease

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 3331 KiB  
Article
Covariance of Marine Nucleocytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses with Eukaryotic Plankton Communities in the Sub-Arctic Kongsfjorden Ecosystem: A Metagenomic Analysis of Marine Microbial Ecosystems
by Kang Eun Kim, Hyoung Min Joo, Taek-Kyun Lee, Hyun-Jung Kim, Yu Jin Kim, Bo Kyung Kim, Sun-Yong Ha and Seung Won Jung
Microorganisms 2023, 11(1), 169; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010169 - 09 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2160
Abstract
Nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) infect various marine eukaryotes. However, little is known about NCLDV diversity and their relationships with eukaryotic hosts in marine environments, the elucidation of which will advance the current understanding of marine ecosystems. This study characterizes the interplay between [...] Read more.
Nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) infect various marine eukaryotes. However, little is known about NCLDV diversity and their relationships with eukaryotic hosts in marine environments, the elucidation of which will advance the current understanding of marine ecosystems. This study characterizes the interplay between NCLDVs and the eukaryotic plankton community (EPC) in the sub-Arctic area using metagenomics and metabarcoding to investigate NCLDVs and EPC, respectively, in the Kongsfjorden ecosystem of Svalbard (Norway) in April and June 2018. Gyrodinium helveticum (Dinophyceae) is the most prevalent eukaryotic taxon in the EPC in April, during which time Mimiviridae (31.8%), Poxviridae (25.1%), Phycodnaviridae (14.7%) and Pandoraviridae (13.1%) predominate. However, in June, the predominant taxon is Aureococcus anophagefferens (Pelagophyceae), and the NCLDVs, Poxviridae (32.9%), Mimiviridae (29.1%), and Phycodnaviridae (18.5%) appear in higher proportions with an increase in Pelagophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, and Chlorophyta groups. Thus, differences in NCLDVs may be caused by changes in EPC composition in response to environmental changes, such as increases in water temperature and light intensity. Taken together, these findings are particularly relevant considering the anticipated impact of NCLDV-induced EPC control mechanisms on polar regions and, therefore, improve the understanding of the Sub-Arctic Kongsfjorden ecosystem. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Interplay between the Microbiome and Viral Infections)
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