Management and Antiretroviral Treatment of HIV Infection

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 1871

Special Issue Editors


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20127 Via Stamira D'Ancona 20, Milan, Italy
Interests: HIV infection; HIV treatment and prevention

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20127 Via Stamira D'Ancona 20, Milan, Italy
Interests: HIV; HIV-1 infection

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically changed the prognosis of HIV infection. Nowadays, people living with HIV (PLWH) have a life expectancy similar to that of the general population, and aging-related comorbidities are increasingly common in PLWH. However, PLWH must take ART for decades, and this may negatively affect their adherence to the therapy and consequently impair the efficacy of the treatment. In addition, long-term ART-related toxicities, although infrequent, are observed.

The primary goal of the management of HIV infection remains the achievement of viral suppression, with its beneficial consequences that include immune system restoration, prevention of disease progression, and breaking of the chain of transmission. However, to reach this target, new strategies and drug classes (e.g., two-drug regimens, attachment and capsid inhibitors) and new drug formulation (e.g., long-acting injectables) are needed.  

For this Special Issue of Microorganisms, dedicated to the management and antiretroviral treatment of HIV infection, we invite you to send your contributions concerning any aspects related to this essential topic.

In fact, although HIV research has made significant progress, we believe that there are still unmet needs requiring more study and discussion. This Special Issue could be a great opportunity to clear up all main debated points.

Dr. Vincenzo Spagnuolo
Dr. Camilla Muccini
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • HIV infection
  • antiretroviral therapy
  • HIV management
  • virological response
  • drug toxicity
  • adherence
  • novel therapeutic strategies

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 1104 KiB  
Article
Evidence of HIV-1 Genital Shedding after One Year of Antiretroviral Therapy in Females Recently Diagnosed in Bamako, Mali
by Abdelaye Keita, Josselin Rigaill, Sylvie Pillet, Youssouf Sereme, Souleymane Coulibaly, Fodé Diallo, Paul Verhoeven, Bruno Pozzetto, Tenin Aoua Thiero and Thomas Bourlet
Microorganisms 2021, 9(10), 2164; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102164 - 17 Oct 2021
Viewed by 1457
Abstract
Little is known about the dynamic of HIV-1 shedding and resistance profiles in the female genital reservoir after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in resource-limited countries (RLCs), which is critical for evaluating the residual sexual HIV-1 transmission risk. The present study aimed to evaluate [...] Read more.
Little is known about the dynamic of HIV-1 shedding and resistance profiles in the female genital reservoir after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in resource-limited countries (RLCs), which is critical for evaluating the residual sexual HIV-1 transmission risk. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 1 year duration ART at blood and genital levels in females newly diagnosed for HIV-1 from three centers in Bamako, Mali. Seventy-eight consenting females were enrolled at the time of their HIV-1 infection diagnosis. HIV-1 RNA loads (Abbott Real-Time HIV-1 assay) were tested in blood and cervicovaginal fluids (CVF) before and 12 months after ART initiation. Primary and acquired resistances to ART were evaluated by ViroseqTM HIV-1 genotyping assay. The vaginal microbiota was analyzed using IonTorrentTM NGS technology (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Proportions of primary drug resistance mutations in blood and CVF were 13.4% and 25%, respectively. Discrepant profiles were observed in 25% of paired blood/CVF samples. The acquired resistance rate was 3.1% in blood. At month 12, undetectable HIV-1 RNA load was reached in 84.6% and 75% of blood and CVF samples, respectively. A vaginal dysbiosis was associated with HIV RNA shedding. Our findings emphasize the need of reinforcing education to improve retention in care system, as well as the necessity of regular virological monitoring before and during ART and of implementing vaginal dysbiosis diagnosis and treatment in RLCs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management and Antiretroviral Treatment of HIV Infection)
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