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Novel Models Targetting Vaccines and Drugs for M. tuberculosis, ...
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Novel Models Targetting Vaccines and Drugs for M. tuberculosis, M. avium and M. absessus Infection

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (22 November 2021) | Viewed by 11565

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Diane J. Ordway

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
Interests: mycobacteria; tuberculosis; nontuberculosis mycobacteria
Dr. Deepshikha Verma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
Interests: mycobacteria; tuberculosis; nontuberculosis mycobacteria

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A deeper understanding of acquired and suppressive immunity against M. tuberculosis, M. avium, and M. abscessus is required to shed light on protective immunity, which may enable effective vaccine and therapeutic compound treatment. Tuberculosis (Mtb) is caused by M. tuberculosis and, with the exception of the COVID-19 pandemic, causes more deaths worldwide than any other infectious disease. However, coinfection with Mtb and COVID-19 led to 1.9 million deaths in 2020 (Togun et al. 2020 PMID: 32446305). This fact highlights the heightened virulence of Mtb compared to the moderate virulence of M. avium and the low virulence of M. abscessus, as demonstrated in animal models (Verma et al. 2020 PMID: 33207695). The common threads of Mtb, M. avium, and M. abscessus are the ability to infect through aerosol exposure, the increased capacity to develop drug resistance, and the lack of a cure. These mycobacterial pathogens, Mtb, M. avium, and M. abscessus, are evolving and pose a potential threat to global human health. Novel infection models to understand the mechanisms of immune evasion, new drug regimens, and new vaccines are urgently needed.

Dr. Diane J. Ordway
Dr. Deepshikha Verma
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • M. tuberculosis
  • M. avium
  • M. abscessus
  • novel infection models
  • new vaccines and drugs

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

24 pages, 2395 KiB  
Review
Mycobacterium abscessus: It’s Complex
by Hazem F. M. Abdelaal, Edward D. Chan, Lisa Young, Susan L. Baldwin and Rhea N. Coler
Microorganisms 2022, 10(7), 1454; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10071454 - 19 Jul 2022
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 7508
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) is an opportunistic pathogen usually colonizing abnormal lung airways and is often seen in patients with cystic fibrosis. Currently, there is no vaccine available for M. abscessus in clinical development. The treatment of M. abscessus-related pulmonary [...] Read more.
Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) is an opportunistic pathogen usually colonizing abnormal lung airways and is often seen in patients with cystic fibrosis. Currently, there is no vaccine available for M. abscessus in clinical development. The treatment of M. abscessus-related pulmonary diseases is peculiar due to intrinsic resistance to several commonly used antibiotics. The development of either prophylactic or therapeutic interventions for M. abscessus pulmonary infections is hindered by the absence of an adequate experimental animal model. In this review, we outline the critical elements related to M. abscessus virulence mechanisms, host–pathogen interactions, and treatment challenges associated with M. abscessus pulmonary infections. The challenges of effectively combating this pathogen include developing appropriate preclinical animal models of infection, developing proper diagnostics, and designing novel strategies for treating drug-resistant M. abscessus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Models Targetting Vaccines and Drugs for M. tuberculosis, M. avium and M. absessus Infection)
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24 pages, 4431 KiB  
Review
Evolution of Antibacterial Drug Screening Methods: Current Prospects for Mycobacteria
by Clara M. Bento, Maria Salomé Gomes and Tânia Silva
Microorganisms 2021, 9(12), 2562; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122562 - 10 Dec 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3446
Abstract
The increasing resistance of infectious agents to available drugs urges the continuous and rapid development of new and more efficient treatment options. This process, in turn, requires accurate and high-throughput techniques for antimicrobials’ testing. Conventional methods of drug susceptibility testing (DST) are reliable [...] Read more.
The increasing resistance of infectious agents to available drugs urges the continuous and rapid development of new and more efficient treatment options. This process, in turn, requires accurate and high-throughput techniques for antimicrobials’ testing. Conventional methods of drug susceptibility testing (DST) are reliable and standardized by competent entities and have been thoroughly applied to a wide range of microorganisms. However, they require much manual work and time, especially in the case of slow-growing organisms, such as mycobacteria. Aiming at a better prediction of the clinical efficacy of new drugs, in vitro infection models have evolved to closely mimic the environment that microorganisms experience inside the host. Automated methods allow in vitro DST on a big scale, and they can integrate models that recreate the interactions that the bacteria establish with host cells in vivo. Nonetheless, they are expensive and require a high level of expertise, which makes them still not applicable to routine laboratory work. In this review, we discuss conventional DST methods and how they should be used as a first screen to select active compounds. We also highlight their limitations and how they can be overcome by more complex and sophisticated in vitro models that reflect the dynamics present in the host during infection. Special attention is given to mycobacteria, which are simultaneously difficult to treat and especially challenging to study in the context of DST. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Models Targetting Vaccines and Drugs for M. tuberculosis, M. avium and M. absessus Infection)
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