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Microorganisms
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Ecology, Evolution and Epidemiology of Zoonotic and Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases...
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Ecology, Evolution and Epidemiology of Zoonotic and Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases 2.0

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Public Health Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2023) | Viewed by 5788

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Vladimir Stevanović

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: viruses; zoonoses; emerging infectious diseases; veterinary medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health; School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: emerging arboviruses; viral encephalitis; hepatitis viruses; zoonoses
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The world is still combating the COVID-19 pandemic, and it is difficult to ascertain how long it will last. The virus behind the disease has been suggested to be of potentially zoonotic origin. Unfortunately, COVID-19 and other zoonotic diseases have claimed too many lives over the past few decades, showing us just how vulnerable we are and how much more we need to learn. Fighting zoonotic diseases has been difficult because their occurrence results from the interplay of environmental, social, and ecological factors. The same is true for vector-borne diseases, where epidemiology is further entangled with factors influencing vectors.

The number of scientific reports in the field has dramatically increased over the years, but a holistic understanding of data is often missing. Such an approach, with a multidisciplinary effort that recognizes human health, animal health, and environmental health as a whole, is called the One Health initiative.

In this Special Issue of Microorganisms, we aim to bring together studies on the ecology, evolution, and epidemiology of zoonotic and vector-borne infectious diseases. We invite you to submit original and review articles covering different aspects of zoonotic and vector-borne infectious diseases to further support the One Health initiative.

Dr. Vladimir Stevanović
Dr. Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • zoonoses
  • vector-borne
  • ecology
  • evolution
  • epidemiology

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 2136 KiB  
Article
Assessment of the Virulence of the Burkholderia mallei Strain BAC 86/19 in BALB/c Mice
by Emanuelle Baldo Gaspar, Lenita Ramires dos Santos, Andréa Alves do Egito, Maria Goretti dos Santos, Cynthia Mantovani, Juliana da Silva Gomes Rieger, Guilherme Augusto de Sousa Abrantes, Paula Adas Pereira Suniga, Júlia de Mendonça Favacho, Ingrid Batista Pinto, Alessandra Figueiredo de Castro Nassar, Fernando Leandro dos Santos and Flábio Ribeiro de Araújo
Microorganisms 2023, 11(10), 2597; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11102597 - 20 Oct 2023
Viewed by 929
Abstract
Burkholderia mallei is an aerobic, Gram-negative, non-motile bacillus. As an obligate mammalian pathogen, it primarily affects solipeds. Although rarely transmitted to humans, the disease it causes, glanders, is classified as a zoonosis. The bacterium was officially eradicated in Brazil in 1969; however, it [...] Read more.
Burkholderia mallei is an aerobic, Gram-negative, non-motile bacillus. As an obligate mammalian pathogen, it primarily affects solipeds. Although rarely transmitted to humans, the disease it causes, glanders, is classified as a zoonosis. The bacterium was officially eradicated in Brazil in 1969; however, it reemerged after three decades. This study aims to assess the virulence of a specific B. mallei strain, isolated in Brazil, in BALB/c mice through intranasal infection. The strain, B. mallei BAC 86/19, was obtained from the tracheal secretion of a young mare displaying positive serology but no clinical signs of glanders. Post-mortem examinations revealed macroscopic lesions consistent with the disease, however. In mice, the LD50 was determined to be approximately 1.59 × 105 colony-forming units (CFU)/animal. Mice exposed to either 0.1 × LD50 or 1 × LD50 displayed transient weight loss, which resolved after three or five days, respectively. B. mallei persisted within the liver and lung for five days post-infection and in the spleen for seven days. These findings underscore the detectable virulence of the Brazilian B. mallei BAC 86/19 strain in mice, which are relatively resilient hosts. This research points to the importance of the continued investigation of the virulence mechanisms and potential countermeasures associated with B. mallei infections, including their Brazilian isolates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecology, Evolution and Epidemiology of Zoonotic and Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases 2.0)
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11 pages, 288 KiB  
Article
Giardia duodenalis (Styles, 1902) in Cattle: Isolation of Calves with Diarrhoea and Manure Treatment in the Lagoon Presented as Risk Factors in Latvian Herds
by Maira Mateusa, Maija Selezņova, Margarita Terentjeva and Gunita Deksne
Microorganisms 2023, 11(9), 2338; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092338 - 18 Sep 2023
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Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is a waterborne zoonotic protozoan that causes gastrointestinal tract inflammation in humans, cattle, and other animals. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence and potential risk factors for Giardia infection in cattle in Latvia. During 2020–2021, a [...] Read more.
Giardia duodenalis is a waterborne zoonotic protozoan that causes gastrointestinal tract inflammation in humans, cattle, and other animals. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence and potential risk factors for Giardia infection in cattle in Latvia. During 2020–2021, a total of 973 individual faecal samples from cattle aged from 1 day to 12 years old, from 32 cattle herds, were tested for Giardia cyst presence with immunofluorescence staining followed by Giardia assemblage differentiation targeting beta-giardin gene. Using a questionnaire, information was collected to estimate the potential risk factors for G. duodenalis infection in cattle herds. Giardia was found in 8.4% of the examined cattle with a mean intensity of 5756 cysts per gram of faeces. The highest prevalence was observed in the 0 to 3-month-old calves (16.4%). At least one Giardia shedding animal was found in 27 herds with an overall prevalence of 84.4%. Significantly higher prevalence was found for cattle infected with G. duodenalis assemblage E compared to that infected with assemblage A: 88.7% and 11.3%, respectively. Protective factors such as age and rodent control and change of shoes were found to be significant for Giardia infection, while isolating calves for diarrhoea and water bodies (ponds/lakes) in pasture were potential risk factors in Latvian cattle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecology, Evolution and Epidemiology of Zoonotic and Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases 2.0)
11 pages, 1256 KiB  
Article
Detection of Bhanja Bandavirus in Patients with Neuroinvasive Disease of Unknown Etiology in Croatia
by Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek, Vladimir Stevanovic, Stjepan Krcmar, Vladimir Savic, Snjezana Kovac, Maja Bogdanic, Maja Mauric Maljkovic, Dario Sabadi, Marija Santini, Tanja Potocnik-Hunjadi, Mahmoud Al-Mufleh and Ljubo Barbic
Microorganisms 2023, 11(9), 2155; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092155 - 25 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1132
Abstract
Background: Although the Bhanja bandavirus (BHAV) is widely distributed in some European countries, human infections are rarely reported. This study analyzed the prevalence of BHAV antibodies in patients with neuroinvasive diseases of unsolved etiology. Methods: A total of 254 Croatian patients who developed [...] Read more.
Background: Although the Bhanja bandavirus (BHAV) is widely distributed in some European countries, human infections are rarely reported. This study analyzed the prevalence of BHAV antibodies in patients with neuroinvasive diseases of unsolved etiology. Methods: A total of 254 Croatian patients who developed neurological symptoms during the four consecutive arbovirus transmission seasons (April 2017–October 2021) were tested. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and urine samples were tested using RT-qPCR. In addition, CSF and serum samples were tested using a virus neutralization test. Results: BHAV RNA was not detected in any samples, while neutralizing (NT) antibodies were detected in serum samples of 53/20.8% of patients (95% CI = 16.0–26.3). In two patients, BHAV NT antibodies were detected in the CSF, indicating a recent infection. Both patients were inhabitants of rural areas in continental Croatia, and one reported a tick bite two weeks before symptoms onset. The seropositivity was high in all age groups (15.2–29.1%). The majority of seropositive patients (94.3%) resided at altitudes less than 200 m above sea level. The prevalence rates correlated positively with population density and negatively with certain climate parameters (temperature, number of hot/warm days). Conclusions: The presented results indicate that BHAV is distributed in Croatia. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical significance of this neglected arbovirus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecology, Evolution and Epidemiology of Zoonotic and Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases 2.0)
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Review

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26 pages, 1924 KiB  
Review
Etiologies of Zoonotic Tropical Febrile Illnesses That Are Not Part of the Notifiable Diseases in Colombia
by Carlos Ramiro Silva-Ramos, Álvaro A. Faccini-Martínez, Cristian C. Serna-Rivera, Salim Mattar and Marylin Hidalgo
Microorganisms 2023, 11(9), 2154; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092154 - 25 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1883
Abstract
In Colombia, tropical febrile illnesses represent one of the most important causes of clinical attention. Febrile illnesses in the tropics are mainly zoonotic and have a broad etiology. The Colombian surveillance system monitors some notifiable diseases. However, several etiologies are not monitored by [...] Read more.
In Colombia, tropical febrile illnesses represent one of the most important causes of clinical attention. Febrile illnesses in the tropics are mainly zoonotic and have a broad etiology. The Colombian surveillance system monitors some notifiable diseases. However, several etiologies are not monitored by this system. In the present review, we describe eleven different etiologies of zoonotic tropical febrile illnesses that are not monitored by the Colombian surveillance system but have scientific, historical, and contemporary data that confirm or suggest their presence in different regions of the country: Anaplasma, Arenavirus, Bartonella, relapsing fever group Borrelia, Coxiella burnetii, Ehrlichia, Hantavirus, Mayaro virus, Orientia, Oropouche virus, and Rickettsia. These could generate a risk for the local population, travelers, and immigrants, due to which they should be included in the mandatory notification system, considering their importance for Colombian public health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecology, Evolution and Epidemiology of Zoonotic and Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases 2.0)
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