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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Recent Advances in Antivirals for Emerging Viruses 3.0
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Recent Advances in Antivirals for Emerging Viruses 3.0

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Virology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 2475

Special Issue Editor

Dr. James J. Kohler

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
Interests: antiviral agents; broad-spectrum antivirals; antiviral response; emerging and re-emerging viral diseases; antiviral strategies; druggable antiviral targets; direct acting antivirals; host-directed antivirals; drug-resistant viruses
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is the continuation of our previous Special Issue entitled "Recent Advances in Antivirals for Emerging Viruses", which was published in 2021 and 2023. 

The emergence of COVID-19 is a reminder that new transmissible viruses may have global social, health, and economic impacts. Recently developed biological tools (including rapid and efficient cloning and sequencing) have advanced scientific efforts to identify the viral enzymes of important novel and re-emerging human viruses (e.g., Dengue, West Nile, Zika, Chikungunya, influenza, and now coronaviruses). At the same time, drug discovery has expanded exponentially, resulting in vast libraries of compounds that can be employed to screen direct antiviral activity. This Special Issue will highlight recent advances in antiviral drug developments, and address the following domains:

  1. directly acting antivirals;
  2. modifiers of immune activation;
  3. inhibitors of specific cell activation pathways.

Dr. James J. Kohler
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antiviral agents
  • broad-spectrum antivirals
  • antiviral response
  • emerging and re-emerging viral diseases
  • antiviral strategies
  • druggable antiviral targets
  • direct acting antivirals
  • host-directed antivirals
  • drug-resistant viruses

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1379 KiB  
Article
Acute Hepatitis of Unknown Origin in Children: Analysis of 17 Cases Admitted to the Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital in Rome
by Velia Chiara Di Maio, Leonarda Gentile, Rossana Scutari, Luna Colagrossi, Luana Coltella, Stefania Ranno, Giulia Linardos, Daniela Liccardo, Maria Sole Basso, Andrea Pietrobattista, Simona Landi, Lorena Forqué, Marta Ciofi Degli Atti, Lara Ricotta, Andrea Onetti Muda, Giuseppe Maggiore, Massimiliano Raponi, Carlo Federico Perno and Cristina Russo
Microorganisms 2024, 12(4), 826; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12040826 - 19 Apr 2024
Viewed by 473
Abstract
This study described 17 cases of children admitted to the Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital with acute hepatitis of unknown origin between mid-April and November 2022. Following the World Health Organization’s working case definition of probable cases, 17 children, with a median age of [...] Read more.
This study described 17 cases of children admitted to the Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital with acute hepatitis of unknown origin between mid-April and November 2022. Following the World Health Organization’s working case definition of probable cases, 17 children, with a median age of 2.1 years (interquartile range: 1.0–7.1), presenting with acute hepatitis non-AE, with serum transaminase >500 IU/L, were included in the study. A pre-specified set of microbiological tests was performed on different biological specimens for all pediatric patients. All patients resulted negative for the common hepatotropic viruses. The most common pathogen detected in blood specimens was human-herpes-virus-7 (52.9%). Adenovirus was detected more frequently in stool specimens (62.5%) than in respiratory (20.0%) or blood samples (17.6%). Regarding Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, one child tested positive two days after admission, while antibodies against spike and nucleoprotein were present in 82.3% of patients. A co-pathogen detection was observed in 94.1% of children. Overall, 16 children recovered without clinical complications, while one patient required liver transplantation. In these cases of acute hepatitis of unknown origin, adenovirus was mainly detected in stool samples. A co-pathogen detection was also frequently observed, suggesting that the etiology of this acute hepatitis is most probably multifactorial. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Antivirals for Emerging Viruses 3.0)
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18 pages, 2489 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bl-04 on Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice
by Bryan Zabel, Sanna M. Mäkelä, Derek Nedveck, Ashley A. Hibberd, Nicolas Yeung, Sinikka Latvala, Liisa Lehtoranta, Jouni Junnila, Kevin B. Walters, Wesley Morovic and Markus J. Lehtinen
Microorganisms 2023, 11(10), 2582; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11102582 - 17 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1638
Abstract
Influenza A virus infection is a major global disease requiring annual vaccination. Clinical studies indicate that certain probiotics may support immune function against influenza and other respiratory viruses, but direct molecular evidence is scarce. Here, mice were treated with a placebo or Bifidobacterium [...] Read more.
Influenza A virus infection is a major global disease requiring annual vaccination. Clinical studies indicate that certain probiotics may support immune function against influenza and other respiratory viruses, but direct molecular evidence is scarce. Here, mice were treated with a placebo or Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bl-04 (Bl-04) orally via food (cereal) and also by gavage and exposed to Influenza A virus H1N1 (H1N1). The symptoms of the infection were observed, and tissues and digesta were collected for viral load RT-qPCR, transcriptomics, and microbiomics. The treatment decreased the viral load by 48% at day 3 post-infection in lungs and symptoms of infection at day 4 compared to placebo. Tissue transcriptomics showed differences between the Bl-04 and placebo groups in the genes in the Influenza A pathway in the intestine, blood, and lungs prior to and post-infection, but the results were inconclusive. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene profiling and qPCR showed the presence of Bl-04 in the intestine, but without major shifts in the microbiome. In conclusion, Bl-04 treatment may influence the host response against H1N1 in a murine challenge model; however, further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism of action. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Antivirals for Emerging Viruses 3.0)
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