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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Extragastric Disorders of Helicobacter pylori Infection: From Diagnosis to Treatment
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Extragastric Disorders of Helicobacter pylori Infection: From Diagnosis to Treatment

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2022) | Viewed by 16541

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Jannis Kountouras

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Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
Interests: Helicobacter pylori; extragastric manifestations; neurodegeneration; pathogenicity; microbiota dysbiosis
Dr. Michael Doulberis

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Guest Editor
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University Department, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland
Interests: Helicobacter pylori; extragastric manifestations; neurodegeneration; pathogenicity; microbiota dysbiosis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Apostolis Papaefthymiou

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Guest Editor
1. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Thessaly, Greece
2. First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
Interests: Helicobacter pylori; extragastric manifestations; neurodegeneration; pathogenicity; microbiota dysbiosis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues

Helicobacter pylori (Hp, formerly known as Campylobacter pyloridis) is a widespread Gram-negative microaerophilic spiral bacterium, which mainly colonizes the stomach of around half of the Earth’s population, with regional heterogeneity. Since its discovery in 1982 by the Australian Nobelists Marshall and Warren, Hp has attracted scientific interest with its pleotropic and beyond gastrointestinal tract manifestations. 

Its classical manifestations include peptic ulcer disease as well as carcinogenic Hp properties, resulting in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma, thus classifying Hp as a class A carcinogen. The latter has been well-described through the Correa cascade, which includes the transition of atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia with the end-effect being the onset of malignancy. Apart from these well-known hallmarks of Hp in stomach and duodenum, emerging evidence supports a further impact in the rest of the gastrointestinal tract (e.g., colon, esophagus), liver, pancreas, as well as in distant sites, such as neurodegeneration of the peripheral and, mainly, central nervous system. The increasing antibiotic resistance and the add-on approach in the therapeutic armory create a challenging environment for clinicians, especially after first- and second-line eradication treatment failure mainly due to Hp’s ability to form biofilm.

We cordially invite you to submit your original, short communication of review articles to this Special Issue, focusing on the whole spectrum of Hp infection, from diagnosis and pathogenicity to novel treatments.

Prof. Jannis Kountouras
Dr. Michael Doulberis
Dr. Apostolis Papaefthymiou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 197 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue “Extragastric Disorders of Helicobacter pylori Infection: From Diagnosis to Treatment”: Editorial
by Michael Doulberis, Apostolis Papaefthymiou and Jannis Kountouras
Microorganisms 2023, 11(3), 677; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11030677 - 07 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1100
Abstract
Gut microorganisms represent a very attractive field of contemporary biomedical research since they exhibit complex interactions with their host and shape immunity in health and disease [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extragastric Disorders of Helicobacter pylori Infection: From Diagnosis to Treatment)

Research

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8 pages, 247 KiB  
Article
Relationship of the Difficulty of Helicobacter pylori Eradication with Drinking Habits and Allergic Disease
by Kayoko Ozeki, Takahisa Furuta, Kazuhiro Hada, Yoshifumi Wakiya and Toshiyuki Ojima
Microorganisms 2022, 10(5), 1029; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10051029 - 15 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2034
Abstract
Eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is crucial to reduce the risk of developing gastric ulcers and gastric cancer. Although immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and alcohol consumption have been shown to influence the failure of H. pylori eradication, the relationship between [...] Read more.
Eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is crucial to reduce the risk of developing gastric ulcers and gastric cancer. Although immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and alcohol consumption have been shown to influence the failure of H. pylori eradication, the relationship between these factors and the mechanism of failure has not been clarified. Because high IgE levels are associated with eradication failure, the purpose of this study was to clarify the factors leading to high IgE levels. Completed questionnaires and blood test data were collected from patients who visited a university hospital for H. pylori eradication. Logistic regression analysis was per-formed to examine the relationship between high IgE levels and allergic diseases. We also examined the relationship between alcohol intake and high IgE levels. Linear regression analysis was performed on the relationship between the amount of alcohol consumed and IgE measurements. The results showed that patients with allergic diseases and those with high alcohol intake had significantly higher IgE levels. High IgE levels are a risk factor for failure of H. pylori eradication that is associated with drinking habits and alcohol consumption, and our results suggest that daily alcohol consumption should be avoided even in non-allergic patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extragastric Disorders of Helicobacter pylori Infection: From Diagnosis to Treatment)
13 pages, 537 KiB  
Article
Helicobacter pylori-Related Metabolic Parameters and Premalignant Gastric Mucosa Histological Lesions in Swiss Bariatric Patients
by Michael Doulberis, Noah Thierry Pierre, Giulia Manzini, Apostolis Papaefthymiou, Jannis Kountouras, Jolanta Klukowska-Rötzler, Stergios A. Polyzos, Simone Srivastava, Aristomenis K. Exadaktylos, Jürg Knuchel, Thomas Kuntzen and David S. Srivastava
Microorganisms 2021, 9(7), 1361; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071361 - 23 Jun 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2395
Abstract
Obesity, as a major risk factor of metabolic syndrome (MetS), represents a pandemic, especially in Western societies, and is considered a risk factor for malignancies. Helicobacter pylori (Hp), is a definite carcinogen with global distribution. We aimed to investigate, for the [...] Read more.
Obesity, as a major risk factor of metabolic syndrome (MetS), represents a pandemic, especially in Western societies, and is considered a risk factor for malignancies. Helicobacter pylori (Hp), is a definite carcinogen with global distribution. We aimed to investigate, for the first time in Switzerland, the main gastric mucosa premalignant histological lesions of bariatric patients in correlation with MetS components and Hp Infection (Hp-I). By reviewing retrospectively 94304 patient cases, a total of 116 eligible patients having undergone bariatric surgery were identified. The mean patient age was 48.66 years. Hp(+) patients were 24% (28/116). Presence of gastric mucosa atrophy was documented in 8/28 Hp(+) patients (29%) and (2/88) Hp(−) ones (2%) (p = 0.006). Gastric mucosa intestinal metaplasia was observed in 14/28 (50%) Hp(+) patients versus 3/88 (3.4%) of Hp(-) group (p < 0.0001). Hp(+) patients exhibited statistically higher arterial hypertension (p = 0.033). The homeostatic model of assessment insulin resistance was also statistically significantly higher for the Hp(+) group (p < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, including arterial hypertension, gastric mucosa atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia as variables, statistical significance remained only for intestinal metaplasia (p = 0.001). In conclusion, Hp-I is associated with premalignant gastric mucosa histologic lesions and MetS components, including arterial hypertension and IR. Further large-scale prospective studies are required to confirm these findings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extragastric Disorders of Helicobacter pylori Infection: From Diagnosis to Treatment)
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Review

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20 pages, 1491 KiB  
Review
Impact of Helicobacter pylori-Related Metabolic Syndrome Parameters on Arterial Hypertension
by Jannis Kountouras, Apostolis Papaefthymiou, Stergios A. Polyzos, Georgia Deretzi, Elisabeth Vardaka, Elpidoforos S. Soteriades, Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou, Paraskevas Gkolfakis, Kyriaki Karafyllidou and Michael Doulberis
Microorganisms 2021, 9(11), 2351; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112351 - 14 Nov 2021
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4866
Abstract
Arterial hypertension is a risk factor for several pathologies, mainly including cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, which rank as leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Arterial hypertension also constitutes a fundamental component of the metabolic syndrome. Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common [...] Read more.
Arterial hypertension is a risk factor for several pathologies, mainly including cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, which rank as leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Arterial hypertension also constitutes a fundamental component of the metabolic syndrome. Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common types of chronic infection globally and displays a plethora of both gastric and extragastric effects. Among other entities, Helicobacter pylori has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Within this review, we illustrate the current state-of-the-art evidence, which may link several components of the Helicobacter pylori-related metabolic syndrome, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and arterial hypertension. In particular, current knowledge of how Helicobacter pylori exerts its virulence through dietary, inflammatory and metabolic pathways will be discussed. Although there is still no causative link between these entities, the emerging evidence from both basic and clinical research supports the proposal that several components of the Helicobacter pylori infection-related metabolic syndrome present an important risk factor in the development of arterial hypertension. The triad of Helicobacter pylori infection, the metabolic syndrome, and hypertension represents a crucial worldwide health problem on a pandemic scale with high morbidity and mortality, like COVID-19, thereby requiring awareness and appropriate management on a global scale. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extragastric Disorders of Helicobacter pylori Infection: From Diagnosis to Treatment)
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13 pages, 1778 KiB  
Review
Helicobacter pylori and Respiratory Diseases: 2021 Update
by Marilena Durazzo, Alessandro Adriani, Sharmila Fagoonee, Giorgio Maria Saracco and Rinaldo Pellicano
Microorganisms 2021, 9(10), 2033; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102033 - 26 Sep 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4513
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacterium involved in the development of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Unexplained iron deficiency anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and vitamin B12 deficiency have also been related to H. [...] Read more.
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacterium involved in the development of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Unexplained iron deficiency anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and vitamin B12 deficiency have also been related to H. pylori infection, whereas for other extra-gastric diseases, the debate is still open. In this review, we evaluate and discuss the potential involvement of H. pylori infection in the pathogenesis of several respiratory diseases. A MEDLINE search of all studies published in English from 1965 to 2021 was carried out. Controversial findings have been reported in patients with bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, lung cancer, tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, and sarcoidosis. Most of the available literature is concerned with case-control studies based on seroprevalence, with a small sample size and low consideration of confounders, which represents a potential issue. So far, there is no clear evidence of a causal association between H. pylori infection and respiratory diseases, and larger studies with appropriate epidemiological design are required. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extragastric Disorders of Helicobacter pylori Infection: From Diagnosis to Treatment)
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