Viral Infection and Immunity

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Virology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2024 | Viewed by 938

Special Issue Editors

Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Interests: viral pathogenesis; host innate immunity; anti-viral therapy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
Interests: viral infectious model establishment; viral-host interaction and antiviral therapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The challenge of certain virus-caused infectious diseases remains a public health threat to humans and their surrounding environments, including resistant viral infection (i.e., hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and human cytomegalovirus) and acute viral infection (i.e., influenza A virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus or -2, enterovirus, and Zika virus). For many viruses with the potential to cause outbreaks, there are no specific treatments, so it is urgent to know the mechanisms of virus–host interactions. Upon viral infection, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of host cells recognize pathogenic elements to initiate the signaling of innate immunity, which could be followed by regulatory adoptive immunity. The interaction between viral infection and host immunity usually encompasses the (1) antiviral response and (2) virus-caused imbalance of inflammation-associated cell death and tissue injury. The interplay of viral infection and immunity is of high concern, which provides the clue to uncovering viral pathogenesis, prevention, or/and broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutic strategies in these infectious diseases.

This Special Issue welcomes studies focusing on (1) the mechanisms of innate and adoptive immune responses, or related viral pathogenesis upon viral infection; (2) therapeutic strategies in antiviral agents targeting the inflammatory response; and (3) the development of the design and evaluation of vaccines against viral infections. We are looking forward to submissions of both original research and review articles that concern these themes.

Dr. Zhen Luo
Dr. Kuanhui Xiang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • viral infection
  • host immunity
  • viral pathogenesis
  • antiviral agents
  • vaccine

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 3630 KiB  
Communication
Genomic Evolution and Selective Pressure Analysis of a Novel Porcine Sapovirus in Shanghai, China
by Jie Tao, Benqiang Li, Ying Shi, Jinghua Cheng, Pan Tang, Jiajie Jiao and Huili Liu
Microorganisms 2024, 12(3), 569; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12030569 - 12 Mar 2024
Viewed by 662
Abstract
Porcine sapovirus (PoSaV) is one of the most significant pathogens causing piglet diarrhea, and one with limited genetic characterization. In this study, the prevalence, infection pattern, and genetic evolution of porcine sapovirus were elucidated in detail. The positive rate of PoSaV was 10.1% [...] Read more.
Porcine sapovirus (PoSaV) is one of the most significant pathogens causing piglet diarrhea, and one with limited genetic characterization. In this study, the prevalence, infection pattern, and genetic evolution of porcine sapovirus were elucidated in detail. The positive rate of PoSaV was 10.1% (20/198), with dual, triple, and quadruple infections of 45%, 40%, and 5%, respectively. To further explore the viral composition in the PoSaV-positive diarrhea feces, metagenomic sequencing was carried out. The results confirmed that RNA viruses accounted for a higher proportion (55.47%), including the two primary viruses of PoSaV (21.78%) and porcine astrovirus (PAstV) (24.54%) in the tested diarrhea feces samples. Afterward, a full-length sequence of the PoSaV isolate was amplified and named SHCM/Mega2023, and also given the identifier of GenBank No. PP388958. Phylogenetic analysis identified the prevalent PoSaV strain SHCM/Mega2023 in the GIII genogroup, involving a recombinant event with MK962338 and KT922089, with the breakpoint at 2969–5132 nucleotides (nt). The time tree revealed that the GIII genogroup exhibits the widest divergence time span, indicating a high likelihood of viral recombination. Moreover, SHCM/Mega2023 had three nucleotide “RPL” insertions at the 151–153 nt site in the VP2 gene, compared to the other GIII strains. Further selective pressure calculations demonstrate that the whole genome of the SHCM/Mega2023 strain was under purifying selection (dN/dS < 1), with seven positively selected sites in the VP1 protein, which might be related to antigenicity. In conclusion, this study presents a novel genomic evolution of PoSaV, offering valuable insights into antigenicity and for vaccine research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Infection and Immunity)
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