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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Clinical Viral Infections and Autoimmunity
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Clinical Viral Infections and Autoimmunity

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Virology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 May 2024 | Viewed by 3099

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Tsvetelina Velikova

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
University Hospital Lozenetz, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Kozyak 1 Str, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
Interests: Autoimmunity; Virus-related immunopathogenesis;COVID-19; Cytokines; Vaccines
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to invite you to share your research on clinical viral infections and autoimmunity. The global incidence and prevalence of autoimmune disease are growing, along with related complications, mortality, and morbidity. It is well-known that genetic and environmental factors contribute mainly to the development of autoimmunity, where viral infections are the most common trigger.

Studies in humans and animals have shown that viral infections can induce autoimmune pathologies depending on genetic background, host-elicited immune responses, type of virus strain, viral load, and the onset of infection. Still, the precise mechanisms of interaction between the virus and the immune system to induce autoreactivity are scarcely reported on. On the contrary, protective effects during viral infection can be achieved via regulatory immune responses, which suppress autoimmune phenomena. Therefore, a better understanding of the immune-related molecular processes in virus-induced autoimmunity is needed.

This Special Issue aims to gather recent information on the autoimmune mechanisms and disorders caused by viral infections. The available data indicate that viral-induced autoimmunity can be activated through multiple mechanisms. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 is lined up next to the other viruses with the potential to trigger autoimmunity, such as EBV, CMV, etc.

In this Special Issue, original research articles, reviews, and case reports are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Immune mechanisms against viral infection;
  • Viral infections;
  • Immunopathogenesis;
  • Autoreactive immune cells;
  • Molecular mechanisms;
  • Mechanisms of autoimmunity;
  • Autoimmune diseases;
  • Anti-nuclear antibodies;
  • Vaccines against viruses.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Tsvetelina Velikova
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • viral infection
  • EBV
  • CMV
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • autoimmunity
  • anti-nuclear antibodies
  • vaccines
  • autoreactive immune cells
  • immunopathogenesis

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 7380 KiB  
Article
Unveiling Shared Immune Responses in Porcine Alveolar Macrophages during ASFV and PRRSV Infection Using Single-Cell RNA-seq
by Bo Jiang, Lu Li, Yu Wu, Xiaoying Wang, Ning Gao, Zhichao Xu, Chunhe Guo, Sheng He, Guihong Zhang, Yaosheng Chen, Xiaohong Liu and Zhengcao Li
Microorganisms 2024, 12(3), 563; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12030563 - 12 Mar 2024
Viewed by 812
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infections lead to severe respiratory diseases in pigs, resulting in significant economic losses for the global swine industry. While numerous studies have focused on specific gene functions or pathway activities [...] Read more.
African swine fever virus (ASFV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infections lead to severe respiratory diseases in pigs, resulting in significant economic losses for the global swine industry. While numerous studies have focused on specific gene functions or pathway activities during infection, an investigation of shared immune responses in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) after ASFV and PRRSV infections was lacking. In this study, we conducted a comparison using two single-cell transcriptomic datasets generated from PAMs under ASFV and PRRSV infection. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) RIG-I (DDX58), MDA5 (IFIH1), and LGP2 (DHX58) were identified as particularly recognizing ASFV and PRRSV, triggering cellular defense responses, including the upregulation of four cytokine families (CCL, CXCL, IL, and TNF) and the induction of pyroptosis. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis and protein–protein interaction analysis, we identified thirteen gene and protein interactions shared by both scRNA-seq analyses, suggesting the ability to inhibit both ASFV and PRRSV viral replication. We discovered six proteins (PARP12, PARP14, HERC5, DDX60, RSAD2, and MNDA) in PAMs as inhibitors of ASFV and PRRSV replication. Collectively, our findings showed detailed characterizations of the immune responses in PAMs during ASFV and PRRSV infections, which may facilitate the treatments of these viral diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Viral Infections and Autoimmunity)
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Review

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20 pages, 1264 KiB  
Review
From Viral Infection to Autoimmune Reaction: Exploring the Link between Human Herpesvirus 6 and Autoimmune Diseases
by Liba Sokolovska, Maksims Cistjakovs, Asnate Matroze, Modra Murovska and Alina Sultanova
Microorganisms 2024, 12(2), 362; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12020362 - 09 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1754
Abstract
The complexity of autoimmunity initiation has been the subject of many studies. Both genetic and environmental factors are essential in autoimmunity development. Among others, environmental factors include infectious agents. HHV-6 is a ubiquitous human pathogen with a high global prevalence. It has several [...] Read more.
The complexity of autoimmunity initiation has been the subject of many studies. Both genetic and environmental factors are essential in autoimmunity development. Among others, environmental factors include infectious agents. HHV-6 is a ubiquitous human pathogen with a high global prevalence. It has several properties suggestive of its contribution to autoimmunity development. HHV-6 has a broad cell tropism, the ability to establish latency with subsequent reactivation and persistence, and a range of immunomodulation capabilities. Studies have implicated HHV-6 in a plethora of autoimmune diseases—endocrine, neurological, connective tissue, and others—with some studies even proposing possible autoimmunity induction mechanisms. HHV-6 can be frequently found in autoimmunity-affected tissues and lesions; it has been found to infect autoimmune-pathology-relevant cells and influence immune responses and signaling. This review highlights some of the most well-known autoimmune conditions to which HHV-6 has been linked, like multiple sclerosis and autoimmune thyroiditis, and summarizes the data on HHV-6 involvement in autoimmunity development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Viral Infections and Autoimmunity)
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