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Microorganisms
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Gut Microbiota and Nutrients 2.0
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Gut Microbiota and Nutrients 2.0

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Gut Microbiota".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 May 2024 | Viewed by 9118

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Seong-Tshool Hong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Keumam‐Dong San 2‐20, Jeonju 561‐180, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
Interests: gut microbiota; traits; nutrient; gene; composition of gut microbiota
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is the continuation of our previous Special Issue, "Gut Microbiota and Nutrients".

Investigation into the gut microbiota has been a focus of biological science over the last 15 years. Human traits are believed to be determined by the combination of individual genetic background and environmental factors. However, recent findings have shown that the gut microbiota contributes significantly to the traits of humans as much as our genes, especially in the case of atherosclerosis, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), gastrointestinal tract malignancies, hepatic encephalopathy, allergies, behavior, intelligence, autism, neurological diseases, and psychological diseases. Alteration of the composition of the gut microbiota affects the behavior, intelligence, mood, autism, and psychology of its host, as well as the prevalence of migraines, through the gut–brain axis. Nutrients determine the growth of individual intestinal bacteria in the gut. Therefore, it is reasonable to speculate that nutrients are the main determinants of gut microbiota composition, which means that their effects on human traits result from modification of the gut microbiota by nutrient uptake as well as from the nutrients themselves. Considering the dependency of microbes on specific nutritional components, the gut microbiota could be the missing link between nutrients and human traits.

Dr. Seong-Tshool Hong
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

13 pages, 1675 KiB  
Article
Inclusion of Quillaja Saponin Clarity Q Manages Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Nutrient Transport of Broilers during Subclinical Necrotic Enteritis
by Candice E. C. Blue, Nima K. Emami, Mallory B. White, Staci Cantley and Rami A. Dalloul
Microorganisms 2023, 11(8), 1894; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11081894 - 27 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1113
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an intestinal disease that results in poor performance, inefficient nutrient absorption, and has a devastating economic impact on poultry production. This study evaluated the effects of a saponin-based product (Clarity Q, CQ) during an NE challenge. A total of [...] Read more.
Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an intestinal disease that results in poor performance, inefficient nutrient absorption, and has a devastating economic impact on poultry production. This study evaluated the effects of a saponin-based product (Clarity Q, CQ) during an NE challenge. A total of 1200 male chicks were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (10 pens/treatment; 30 birds/pen): treatment 1 (NC), a non-medicated corn–soybean basal diet; treatment 2 (PC), NC + 50 g/metric ton (MT) of bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD); and treatments 3 (CQ15) and 4 (CQ30), NC + 15 and 30 g/MT, respectively. On the day (d) of placement, birds were challenged by a coccidia vaccine to induce NE. On d 8, 14, 28, and 42, performance parameters were measured. On d 8, three birds/pen were necropsied for NE lesions. On d 8 and d 14, jejunum samples from one bird/pen were collected for mRNA abundance of tight junction proteins and nutrient transporter genes. Data were analyzed in JMP (JMP Pro, 16), and significance (p ≤ 0.05) between treatments was identified by Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) test. Compared to PC and NC, CQ15 had higher average daily gain (ADG), while CQ30 had lower average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). NE lesions in the duodenum were lower in CQ15 compared to all other treatments. On d 8, mRNA abundance of CLDN1, CLDN5, AMPK, PepT2, GLUT2, and EAAT3 were significantly greater in CQ30 (p < 0.05) compared to both PC and NC. On d 14, mRNA abundance of ZO2 and PepT2 was significantly lower in PC when compared to all treatments, while that of ANXA1, JAM3, and GLUT5 was comparable to CQ15. In summary, adding Clarity Q to broiler diets has the potential to alleviate adverse effects caused by this enteric disease by improving performance, reducing intestinal lesions, and positively modulating the mRNA abundance of various tight junction proteins and key nutrient transporters during peak NE infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota and Nutrients 2.0)
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19 pages, 13126 KiB  
Article
Multi-Omics Analysis Demonstrates the Critical Role of Non-Ethanolic Components of Alcoholic Beverages in the Host Microbiome and Metabolome: A Human- and Animal-Based Study
by Priyanka Sarkar, Raghuram Kandimalla, Anupam Bhattacharya, Romi Wahengbam, Madhusmita Dehingia, Mohan Chandra Kalita, Narayan Chandra Talukdar, Rupjyoti Talukdar and Mojibur R. Khan
Microorganisms 2023, 11(6), 1501; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061501 - 05 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1355
Abstract
It is known that alcoholic beverages alter the human gut microbiome. This study focused on the potential impact of non-ethanolic ingredients in whisky on the gut bacteriome. A pilot study was carried out on 15 whisky drinkers, 5 rice beer drinkers, and 9 [...] Read more.
It is known that alcoholic beverages alter the human gut microbiome. This study focused on the potential impact of non-ethanolic ingredients in whisky on the gut bacteriome. A pilot study was carried out on 15 whisky drinkers, 5 rice beer drinkers, and 9 non-drinkers to determine the effect of alcoholic beverages on the host microbiome and metabolome. Additionally, a mouse model was used to assess the differential impact of three whisky brands (each with an equal ethanol concentration). The results indicate that the non-ethanolic components have an impact on the gut microbiome, as well as on the metabolites in blood and feces. The amount of Prevotella copri, a typical core Indian gut bacterium, decreased in both the human and mouse groups of whisky type 1, but an increase in abundance of Helicobacteriaceae (p = 0.01) was noticed in both groups. Additionally, the alcohol-treated cohorts had lower levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), specifically butyric acid, and higher amounts of lipids and stress marker IL1-ß than the untreated groups (p = 0.04–0.01). Furthermore, two compounds, ethanal/acetaldehyde (found in all the whisky samples) and arabitol (unique to whisky type 1), were tested in the mice. Similar to the human subjects, the whisky type 1 treated mouse cohort and the arabitol-treated group showed decreased levels of Prevotella copri (p = 0.01) in their gut. The results showed that non-ethanolic compounds have a significant impact on host gut bacterial diversity and metabolite composition, which has a further vital impact on host health. Our work further emphasizes the need to study the impact of non-ethanolic ingredients of alcoholic beverages on host health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota and Nutrients 2.0)
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19 pages, 3410 KiB  
Article
Dietary Berberine and Ellagic Acid Supplementation Improve Growth Performance and Intestinal Damage by Regulating the Structural Function of Gut Microbiota and SCFAs in Weaned Piglets
by Wenxia Qin, Zhendong Yu, Zhechang Li, Hengfeng Liu, Wei Li, Jianan Zhao, Yin Ren and Libao Ma
Microorganisms 2023, 11(5), 1254; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11051254 - 10 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1669
Abstract
Early weaning is an effective method for improving the utilization rate of sows in intensive pig farms. However, weaning stress induces diarrhea and intestinal damage in piglets. Berberine (BBR) is known for its anti-diarrhea properties and ellagic acid (EA) is known for its [...] Read more.
Early weaning is an effective method for improving the utilization rate of sows in intensive pig farms. However, weaning stress induces diarrhea and intestinal damage in piglets. Berberine (BBR) is known for its anti-diarrhea properties and ellagic acid (EA) is known for its antioxidant properties, however, whether their combination improves diarrhea and intestinal damage in piglets has not been studied, and the mechanism remains unclear. To explore the combined effects in this experiment, a total of 63 weaned piglets (Landrace × Yorkshire) were divided into three groups at 21 days. Piglets in the Ctrl group were treated with a basal diet and 2 mL saline orally, while those in the BE group were treated with a basal diet supplemented with 10 mg/kg (BW) BBR, 10 mg/kg (BW) EA, and 2 mL saline orally. Piglets in the FBE group were treated with a basal diet and 2 mL fecal microbiota suspension from the BE group orally, respectively, for 14 days. Compared with the Ctrl group, dietary supplementation with BE improved growth performance by increasing the average daily gain and average daily food intake and reducing the fecal score in weaned piglets. Dietary supplementation with BE also improved intestinal morphology and cell apoptosis by increasing the ratio of villus height to crypt depth and decreasing the average optical density of apoptotic cells; meanwhile, improvements also involved attenuating oxidative stress and intestinal barrier dysfunction by increasing the total antioxidant capacity, glutathione, and catalase, and upregulating the mRNA expressions of Occludin, Claudin-1, and ZO-1. Interestingly, the oral administration of a fecal microbiota suspension to piglets fed BE had similar effects to those of the BE group. According to 16S rDNA sequencing analysis, dietary supplementation with BE altered the composition of the microbiota, including firmicutes, bacteroidetes, lactobacillus, phascolarctobacterium, and parabacteroides, and increased the metabolites of propionate and butyrate. In addition, Spearman analysis revealed that improvements in growth performance and intestinal damage were significantly correlated with differential bacteria and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In brief, dietary supplementation with BE improved the growth performance and intestinal damage by altering the gut microbiota composition and SCFAs in weaned piglets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota and Nutrients 2.0)
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Review

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12 pages, 6257 KiB  
Review
Effect of Dietary Fiber on Reproductive Performance, Intestinal Microorganisms and Immunity of the Sow: A Review
by Feng Qin, Wenyan Wei, Junjie Gao, Xuemei Jiang, Lianqiang Che, Zhengfeng Fang, Yan Lin, Bin Feng, Yong Zhuo, Lun Hua, Jianping Wang, Mengmeng Sun, De Wu and Shengyu Xu
Microorganisms 2023, 11(9), 2292; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092292 - 12 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1156
Abstract
Dietary fiber is a substance that cannot be digested by endogenous digestive enzymes but can be digested by the cellulolytic enzymes produced by intestinal microorganisms. In the past, dietary fiber was considered an anti-nutrient component in diets because it could resist digestion by [...] Read more.
Dietary fiber is a substance that cannot be digested by endogenous digestive enzymes but can be digested by the cellulolytic enzymes produced by intestinal microorganisms. In the past, dietary fiber was considered an anti-nutrient component in diets because it could resist digestion by endogenous enzymes secreted by the intestine and has a negative effect on the digestion of energy-producing nutrients. However, due to its functional properties, potential health benefits to animals, and innate fermentability, it has attracted increasing attention in recent years. There are a plethora of studies on dietary fiber. Evidence suggests that dietary fiber can provide energy for pigs through intestinal microbial fermentation and improve sow welfare, reproductive performance, intestinal flora, and immunity. This is a brief overview of the composition and classification of dietary fiber, the mechanism of action and effects of dietary fiber on reproductive performance, intestinal microorganisms, and the immune index of the sow. This review also provides scientific guidance for the application of dietary fiber in sow production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota and Nutrients 2.0)
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14 pages, 302 KiB  
Review
Nutraceutical Combinational Therapy for Diarrhoea Control with Probiotic Beverages from Fermented Fruits, Vegetables and Cereals to Regain Lost Hydration, Nutrition and Gut Microbiota
by Divakar Dahiya and Poonam Singh Nigam
Microorganisms 2023, 11(9), 2190; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092190 - 30 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1678
Abstract
This article deals with the condition of irregular bowel movements known as diarrhoea, its pathology, symptoms and aetiology. The information has been presented on causes of diarrhoea that include gut infections, food intolerances and allergies to certain ingredients, problems in the gastrointestinal tract [...] Read more.
This article deals with the condition of irregular bowel movements known as diarrhoea, its pathology, symptoms and aetiology. The information has been presented on causes of diarrhoea that include gut infections, food intolerances and allergies to certain ingredients, problems in the gastrointestinal tract like irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and, the condition of dysbiosis which occurs due to long-term use of antibiotics, or other medicines, etc. Most cases of diarrhoea can be resolved without needing medical treatment; however, it is still important to avoid dehydration of the body and use some supplements to get necessary nutrients which are lost with frequent bowel movements before they can get absorbed and assimilated in the gastrointestinal tract. Probiotic products are reported as natural therapeutic agents, which can reduce the risk of diarrhoea in both adults and children. The intake of dietary fluid supplements in the form of fermented beverages containing probiotic strains could help in diarrhoea control. The patient would achieve benefits with the consumption of these functional beverages in three ways—by regaining lost fluids to the body, supplementing beneficial gut bacteria to restore diversity in gut microbiota, which was disturbed in the condition of diarrhoea as well as regaining a source of quick nutrition to recoup energy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota and Nutrients 2.0)
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