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Micromachines
Special Issues
Microbubbles for Ultrasound Therapy
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Microbubbles for Ultrasound Therapy

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "E：Engineering and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 8930

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Tali Ilovitsh

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Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
Interests: medical ultrasound; microbubbles; beam shaping; super resolution; blood brain barrier; transfection; microscopy
Prof. Dr. Yi Feng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, China
Interests: ultrasound theranostics; microbubble; nanodroplet; multifuctional theranostic nanosystem; drug delivery; HIFU; ultrasound mechanobiology; molecular bioeffects of ultrsound

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of microbubble contrast agents has expanded the utility of ultrasound from soft tissue anatomical imaging to functional intravascular imaging. Even more importantly, it has opened the door to therapeutic applications. Over the past five years, we have seen a dramatic increase in microbubble-mediated therapy in clinical implementations in a variety of applications, representing decades of research. These technologies are the result of work from a multidisciplinary combination of fields spanning physics, engineering, chemistry, biology and neuroscience. This Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers and review articles that focus on the latest work on microbubble-mediated therapy, including but not limited to drug and gene delivery, brain therapy, sonogenetics, ultrasound contrast agents, and mechanical and thermal ablation.

Dr. Tali Ilovitsh
Prof. Dr. Yi Feng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microbubbles
  • therapy
  • ultrasound
  • gene delivery
  • drug delivery
  • sonoporation
  • transfection
  • histotripsy
  • blood brain barrier opening
  • brain therapy

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 3478 KiB  
Article
Enhanced HIFU Theranostics with Dual-Frequency-Ring Focused Ultrasound and Activatable Perfluoropentane-Loaded Polymer Nanoparticles
by Junjie Chen, Zhezhu Nan, Yubo Zhao, Lei Zhang, Hongrui Zhu, Daocheng Wu, Yujin Zong, Mingzhu Lu, Tali Ilovitsh, Mingxi Wan, Kai Yan and Yi Feng
Micromachines 2021, 12(11), 1324; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12111324 - 28 Oct 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2111
Abstract
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been widely used in tumor ablation in clinical settings. Meanwhile, there is great potential to increase the therapeutic efficiency of temporary cavitation due to enhanced thermal effects and combined mechanical effects from nonlinear vibration and collapse of the [...] Read more.
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been widely used in tumor ablation in clinical settings. Meanwhile, there is great potential to increase the therapeutic efficiency of temporary cavitation due to enhanced thermal effects and combined mechanical effects from nonlinear vibration and collapse of the microbubbles. In this study, dual-frequency (1.1 and 5 MHz) HIFU was used to produce acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) microbubbles from activatable perfluoropentane-loaded polymer nanoparticles (PFP@Polymer NPs), which increased the therapeutic outcome of the HIFU and helped realize tumor theranostics with ultrasound contrast imaging. Combined with PFP@Polymer NPs, dual-frequency HIFU changed the shape of the damage lesion and reduced the acoustic intensity threshold of thermal damage significantly, from 216.86 to 62.38 W/cm2. It produced a nearly 20 °C temperature increase in half the irradiation time and exhibited a higher tumor inhibition rate (84.5% ± 3.4%) at a low acoustic intensity (1.1 MHz: 23.77 W/cm2; 5 MHz: 0.35 W/cm2) in vitro than the single-frequency HIFU (60.2% ± 11.9%). Moreover, compared with the traditional PFP@BSA NDs, PFP@Polymer NPs showed higher anti-tumor efficacy (81.13% vs. 69.34%; * p < 0.05) and better contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging ability (gray value of 57.53 vs. 30.67; **** p < 0.0001), probably benefitting from its uniform and stable structure. It showed potential as a highly efficient tumor theranostics approach based on dual-frequency HIFU and activatable PFP@Polymer NPs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbubbles for Ultrasound Therapy)
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18 pages, 5427 KiB  
Article
Cavitation Dynamics and Inertial Cavitation Threshold of Lipid Coated Microbubbles in Viscoelastic Media with Bubble–Bubble Interactions
by Dui Qin, Qingqin Zou, Shuang Lei, Wei Wang and Zhangyong Li
Micromachines 2021, 12(9), 1125; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12091125 - 18 Sep 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2906
Abstract
Encapsulated microbubbles combined with ultrasound have been widely utilized in various biomedical applications; however, the bubble dynamics in viscoelastic medium have not been completely understood. It involves complex interactions of coated microbubbles with ultrasound, nearby microbubbles and surrounding medium. Here, a comprehensive model [...] Read more.
Encapsulated microbubbles combined with ultrasound have been widely utilized in various biomedical applications; however, the bubble dynamics in viscoelastic medium have not been completely understood. It involves complex interactions of coated microbubbles with ultrasound, nearby microbubbles and surrounding medium. Here, a comprehensive model capable of simulating the complex bubble dynamics was developed via taking the nonlinear viscoelastic behaviors of the shells, the bubble–bubble interactions and the viscoelasticity of the surrounding medium into account simultaneously. For two interacting lipid-coated bubbles with different initial radii in viscoelastic media, it exemplified that the encapsulating shell, the inter-bubble interactions and the medium viscoelasticity would noticeably suppress bubble oscillations. The inter-bubble interactions exerted a much stronger suppressing effect on the small bubble within the parameters examined in this paper, which might result from a larger radiated pressure acting on the small bubble due to the inter-bubble interactions. The lipid shells make the microbubbles exhibit two typical asymmetric dynamic behaviors (i.e., compression or expansion dominated oscillations), which are determined by the initial surface tension of the bubbles. Accordingly, the inertial cavitation threshold decreases as the initial surface tension increases, but increases as the shell elasticity and viscosity increases. Moreover, with the distance between bubbles decreasing and/or the initial radius of the large bubble increasing, the oscillations of the small bubble decrease and the inertial cavitation threshold increases gradually due to the stronger suppression effects caused by the enhanced bubble–bubble interactions. Additionally, increasing the elasticity and/or viscosity of the surrounding medium would also dampen bubble oscillations and result in a significant increase in the inertial cavitation threshold. This study may contribute to both encapsulated microbubble-associated ultrasound diagnostic and emerging therapeutic applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbubbles for Ultrasound Therapy)
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14 pages, 43651 KiB  
Article
Influence of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) Ablation on Arteries: Ex Vivo Studies
by Yufeng Zhou and Wei Chun Daniel Lim
Micromachines 2021, 12(5), 485; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12050485 - 25 Apr 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3121
Abstract
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been used to ablate solid tumors and cancers. Because of the hypervascular structure of the tumor and circulating blood inside it, the interaction between the HIFU burst and vessel is a critical issue in the clinical environment. Influences [...] Read more.
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been used to ablate solid tumors and cancers. Because of the hypervascular structure of the tumor and circulating blood inside it, the interaction between the HIFU burst and vessel is a critical issue in the clinical environment. Influences on lesion production and the potential of vessel rupture were investigated in this study for the efficiency and safety of clinical ablation. An extracted porcine artery was embedded in a transparent polyacrylamide gel phantom, with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as an indicator of the thermal lesion, and degassed water was driven through the artery sample. The HIFU focus was aligned to the anterior wall, middle of the artery, and posterior wall. After HIFU ablation, the produced lesion was photographically recorded, and then its size was quantified and compared with that in the gel phantom without artery. In addition, the bubble dynamics (i.e., generation, expansion, motion, and shrinkage of bubbles and their interaction with the artery) were captured using high-speed imaging. It was found that the presence of the artery resulted in a decrease in lesion size in both the axial and lateral directions. The characteristics of the lesion are dependent on the focus alignment. Acoustic and hydrodynamic cavitation play important roles in lesion production and interaction with the artery. Both thermal and mechanical effects were found on the surface of the artery wall after HIFU ablation. However, no vessel rupture was found in this ex vivo study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbubbles for Ultrasound Therapy)
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