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Micromachines
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Emerging and Disruptive Next-Generation Technologies for POC: Sensors, Chemistry and...
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Emerging and Disruptive Next-Generation Technologies for POC: Sensors, Chemistry and Microfluidics for Diagnostics

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "B4: Point-of-Care Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 May 2021) | Viewed by 21913

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Maria Serena Chiriacò

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Permanent Researcher at CNR NANOTEC – Insititute of Nanotechnology of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Interests: lab on chip; microfluidics; cancer biology; point-of-care
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Francesco Ferrara

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
System Research and Applications (SRA) Silicon Biotech STMicroelectronics c/o CNR Nanotec, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Interests: lab on chip; microfluidics; microelectronics; in vitro diagnostics; rapid prototyping
Dr. Elisabetta Primiceri

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Permanent Researcher at CNR NANOTEC – Insititute of Nanotechnology of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Interests: lab on Chip; polymers; sensors; point-of-care; precision medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

The Special Issue will be focused on new, emerging, and disruptive technologies with applications at the Point-Of-Care. The submission of scientific papers and reviews in the field of sensors, chemistry, and microfluidics as well as technological transfer and project management strategies is encouraged.

Recently, the attention paid to self-care tests and on the easy and large screening of a high number of people has dramatically increased. Indeed, the need of easy and affordable tools for the safe management of biological fluids together with self-diagnosis emerged as compulsory requirements in this time of the COVID-19 pandemic, to lighten the pressure on public healthcare institutions and thus limiting the diffusion of infections. Obviously, also other kinds of pathologies (cancer or other degenerative diseases) continue to call attention to an always earlier and widespread diagnosis. The contribution to the development of this research field comes from the areas of innovative plastic and 3D microfluidics, smart chemistry and integration of miniaturized sensors, going in the direction to improve performances of in-vitro diagnostic (IVD) devices.

In our Special Issue, we accept papers describing easy strategies to identify diseases at the Point-Of-Care and near-the-bed level, but also dealing with innovative biomarkers, sample treatments, and chemistry processes which, in perspective, represent promising tools to be applied to the field.

This Special Issue stems from EDGE-Tech (Emerging and Disruptive next-GEneration Technologies for POC) Workshop organized in the frame of EU SMILE-Attract project, devoted to the development of innovative strategies for the early diagnostics of oral cancer from saliva, but submission is open for all researchers and scientists dealing with the above-mentioned topics.

Dr. Maria Serena Chiriacò
Dr. Francesco Ferrara
Dr. Elisabetta Primiceri
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • emerging technologies
  • point-of-care
  • sample preparation
  • 3D microfluidics
  • early diagnostics
  • large-scale screenings

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 190 KiB  
Editorial
Editorial for the Special Issue on Emerging and Disruptive Next-Generation Technologies for POC: Sensors, Chemistry and Microfluidics for Diagnostics
by Francesco Ferrara, Elisabetta Primiceri and Maria Serena Chiriacò
Micromachines 2022, 13(2), 181; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13020181 - 26 Jan 2022
Viewed by 1998
Abstract
Recently, the attention paid to self-care tests and the need for easy and large-scale screenings of a high number of people has dramatically increased [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging and Disruptive Next-Generation Technologies for POC: Sensors, Chemistry and Microfluidics for Diagnostics)

Research

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17 pages, 9073 KiB  
Article
SMILE Platform: An Innovative Microfluidic Approach for On-Chip Sample Manipulation and Analysis in Oral Cancer Diagnosis
by Sofia Zoupanou, Annalisa Volpe, Elisabetta Primiceri, Caterina Gaudiuso, Antonio Ancona, Francesco Ferrara and Maria Serena Chiriacò
Micromachines 2021, 12(8), 885; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12080885 - 27 Jul 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2966
Abstract
Oral cancer belongs to the group of head and neck cancers, and, despite its large diffusion, it suffers from low consideration in terms of prevention and early diagnosis. The main objective of the SMILE platform is the development of a low-cost device for [...] Read more.
Oral cancer belongs to the group of head and neck cancers, and, despite its large diffusion, it suffers from low consideration in terms of prevention and early diagnosis. The main objective of the SMILE platform is the development of a low-cost device for oral cancer early screening with features of high sensitivity, specificity, and ease of use, with the aim of reaching a large audience of possible users and realizing real prevention of the disease. To achieve this goal, we realized two microfluidic devices exploiting low-cost materials and processes. They can be used in combination or alone to obtain on-chip sample preparation and/or detection of circulating tumor cells, selected as biomarkers of oral cancer. The realized devices are completely transparent with plug-and-play features, obtained thanks to a highly customized architecture which enables users to easily use them, with potential for a common use among physicians or dentists with minimal training. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging and Disruptive Next-Generation Technologies for POC: Sensors, Chemistry and Microfluidics for Diagnostics)
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11 pages, 1992 KiB  
Article
Flexible Enzymatic Glucose Electrochemical Sensor Based on Polystyrene-Gold Electrodes
by Annika Müsse, Francesco La Malfa, Virgilio Brunetti, Francesco Rizzi and Massimo De Vittorio
Micromachines 2021, 12(7), 805; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12070805 - 07 Jul 2021
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 3632
Abstract
Metabolic disorders such as the highly prevalent disease diabetes require constant monitoring. The health status of patients is linked to glucose levels in blood, which are typically measured invasively, but can also be correlated to other body fluids such as sweat. Aiming at [...] Read more.
Metabolic disorders such as the highly prevalent disease diabetes require constant monitoring. The health status of patients is linked to glucose levels in blood, which are typically measured invasively, but can also be correlated to other body fluids such as sweat. Aiming at a reliable glucose biosensor, an enzymatic sensing layer was fabricated on flexible polystyrene foil, for which a versatile nanoimprinting process for microfluidics was presented. For the sensing layer, a gold electrode was modified with a cysteine layer and glutaraldehyde cross-linker for enzyme conformal immobilization. Chronoamperometric measurements were conducted in PBS buffered glucose solution at two potentials (0.65 V and 0.7 V) and demonstrated a linear range between 0.025 mM to 2mM and an operational range of 0.025 mM to 25 mM. The sensitivity was calculated as 1.76µA/mM/cm2 and the limit of detection (LOD) was calculated as 0.055 mM at 0.7 V. An apparent Michaelis–Menten constant of 3.34 mM (0.7 V) and 0.445 mM (0.65 V) was computed. The wide operational range allows the application for point-of-care testing for a variety of body fluids. Yet, the linear range and low LOD make this biosensor especially suitable for non-invasive sweat sensing wearables. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging and Disruptive Next-Generation Technologies for POC: Sensors, Chemistry and Microfluidics for Diagnostics)
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15 pages, 2625 KiB  
Article
A New Predictive Technology for Perinatal Stem Cell Isolation Suited for Cell Therapy Approaches
by Silvia Zia, Giulia Martini, Valeria Pizzuti, Alessia Maggio, Giuliana Simonazzi, Pierluigi Reschiglian, Laura Bonsi, Francesco Alviano, Barbara Roda and Andrea Zattoni
Micromachines 2021, 12(7), 782; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12070782 - 30 Jun 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1553
Abstract
The use of stem cells for regenerative applications and immunomodulatory effect is increasing. Amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) possess embryonic-like proliferation ability and multipotent differentiation potential. Despite the simple isolation procedure, inter-individual variability and different isolation steps can cause differences in isolation yield and [...] Read more.
The use of stem cells for regenerative applications and immunomodulatory effect is increasing. Amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) possess embryonic-like proliferation ability and multipotent differentiation potential. Despite the simple isolation procedure, inter-individual variability and different isolation steps can cause differences in isolation yield and cell proliferation ability, compromising reproducibility observations among centers and further applications. We investigated the use of a new technology as a diagnostic tool for quality control on stem cell isolation. The instrument label-free separates cells based on their physical characteristics and, thanks to a micro-camera, generates a live fractogram, the fingerprint of the sample. Eight amniotic membranes were processed by trypsin enzymatic treatment and immediately analysed. Two types of profile were generated: a monomodal and a bimodal curve. The first one represented the unsuccessful isolation with all recovered cell not attaching to the plate; while for the second type, the isolation process was successful, but we discovered that only cells in the second peak were alive and resulted adherent. We optimized a Quality Control (QC) method to define the success of AEC isolation using the fractogram generated. This predictive outcome is an interesting tool for laboratories and cell banks that isolate and cryopreserve fetal annex stem cells for research and future clinical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging and Disruptive Next-Generation Technologies for POC: Sensors, Chemistry and Microfluidics for Diagnostics)
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Review

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16 pages, 673 KiB  
Review
Tissue Engineering Meets Nanotechnology: Molecular Mechanism Modulations in Cornea Regeneration
by Olja Mijanović, Timofey Pylaev, Angelina Nikitkina, Margarita Artyukhova, Ana Branković, Maria Peshkova, Polina Bikmulina, Boris Turk, Sergey Bolevich, Sergei Avetisov and Peter Timashev
Micromachines 2021, 12(11), 1336; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12111336 - 30 Oct 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2472
Abstract
Nowadays, tissue engineering is one of the most promising approaches for the regeneration of various tissues and organs, including the cornea. However, the inability of biomaterial scaffolds to successfully integrate into the environment of surrounding tissues is one of the main challenges that [...] Read more.
Nowadays, tissue engineering is one of the most promising approaches for the regeneration of various tissues and organs, including the cornea. However, the inability of biomaterial scaffolds to successfully integrate into the environment of surrounding tissues is one of the main challenges that sufficiently limits the restoration of damaged corneal tissues. Thus, the modulation of molecular and cellular mechanisms is important and necessary for successful graft integration and long-term survival. The dynamics of molecular interactions affecting the site of injury will determine the corneal transplantation efficacy and the post-surgery clinical outcome. The interactions between biomaterial surfaces, cells and their microenvironment can regulate cell behavior and alter their physiology and signaling pathways. Nanotechnology is an advantageous tool for the current understanding, coordination, and directed regulation of molecular cell–transplant interactions on behalf of the healing of corneal wounds. Therefore, the use of various nanotechnological strategies will provide new solutions to the problem of corneal allograft rejection, by modulating and regulating host–graft interaction dynamics towards proper integration and long-term functionality of the transplant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging and Disruptive Next-Generation Technologies for POC: Sensors, Chemistry and Microfluidics for Diagnostics)
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27 pages, 3878 KiB  
Review
Light-Emitting Textiles: Device Architectures, Working Principles, and Applications
by Marco Cinquino, Carmela Tania Prontera, Marco Pugliese, Roberto Giannuzzi, Daniela Taurino, Giuseppe Gigli and Vincenzo Maiorano
Micromachines 2021, 12(6), 652; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12060652 - 02 Jun 2021
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 7753
Abstract
E-textiles represent an emerging technology aiming toward the development of fabric with augmented functionalities, enabling the integration of displays, sensors, and other electronic components into textiles. Healthcare, protective clothing, fashion, and sports are a few examples application areas of e-textiles. Light-emitting textiles can [...] Read more.
E-textiles represent an emerging technology aiming toward the development of fabric with augmented functionalities, enabling the integration of displays, sensors, and other electronic components into textiles. Healthcare, protective clothing, fashion, and sports are a few examples application areas of e-textiles. Light-emitting textiles can have different applications: sensing, fashion, visual communication, light therapy, etc. Light emission can be integrated with textiles in different ways: fabricating light-emitting fibers and planar light-emitting textiles or employing side-emitting polymer optical fibers (POFs) coupled with light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Different kinds of technology have been investigated: alternating current electroluminescent devices (ACELs), inorganic and organic LEDs, and light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs). The different device working principles and architectures are discussed in this review, highlighting the most relevant aspects and the possible approaches for their integration with textiles. Regarding POFs, the methodology to obtain side emissions and the critical aspects for their integration into textiles are discussed in this review. The main applications of light-emitting fabrics are illustrated, demonstrating that LEDs, alone or coupled with POFs, represent the most robust technology. On the other hand, OLEDs (Organic LEDs) are very promising for the future of light-emitting fabrics, but some issues still need to be addressed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging and Disruptive Next-Generation Technologies for POC: Sensors, Chemistry and Microfluidics for Diagnostics)
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